ClipData
public
class
ClipData
extends Object
implements
Parcelable
java.lang.Object | |
↳ | android.content.ClipData |
Representation of a clipped data on the clipboard.
ClipData is a complex type containing one or more Item instances, each of which can hold one or more representations of an item of data. For display to the user, it also has a label.
A ClipData contains a ClipDescription
, which describes
important meta-data about the clip. In particular, its
getDescription().getMimeType(int)
must return correct MIME type(s) describing the data in the clip. For help
in correctly constructing a clip with the correct MIME type, use
newPlainText(java.lang.CharSequence, java.lang.CharSequence)
,
newUri(android.content.ContentResolver, java.lang.CharSequence, android.net.Uri)
, and
newIntent(java.lang.CharSequence, android.content.Intent)
.
Each Item instance can be one of three main classes of data: a simple
CharSequence of text, a single Intent object, or a Uri. See Item
for more details.
Developer Guides
For more information about using the clipboard framework, read the Copy and Paste developer guide.
Implementing Paste or Drop
To implement a paste or drop of a ClipData object into an application,
the application must correctly interpret the data for its use. If the Item
it contains is simple text or an Intent, there is little to be done: text
can only be interpreted as text, and an Intent will typically be used for
creating shortcuts (such as placing icons on the home screen) or other
actions.
If all you want is the textual representation of the clipped data, you
can use the convenience method Item.coerceToText
.
In this case there is generally no need to worry about the MIME types
reported by getDescription().getMimeType(int)
,
since any clip item can always be converted to a string.
More complicated exchanges will be done through URIs, in particular
"content:" URIs. A content URI allows the recipient of a ClipData item
to interact closely with the ContentProvider holding the data in order to
negotiate the transfer of that data. The clip must also be filled in with
the available MIME types; newUri(android.content.ContentResolver, java.lang.CharSequence, android.net.Uri)
will take care of correctly doing this.
For example, here is the paste function of a simple NotePad application. When retrieving the data from the clipboard, it can do either two things: if the clipboard contains a URI reference to an existing note, it copies the entire structure of the note into a new note; otherwise, it simply coerces the clip into text and uses that as the new note's contents.
/** * A helper method that replaces the note's data with the contents of the clipboard. */ private final void performPaste() { // Gets a handle to the Clipboard Manager ClipboardManager clipboard = (ClipboardManager) getSystemService(Context.CLIPBOARD_SERVICE); // Gets a content resolver instance ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver(); // Gets the clipboard data from the clipboard ClipData clip = clipboard.getPrimaryClip(); if (clip != null) { String text=null; String title=null; // Gets the first item from the clipboard data ClipData.Item item = clip.getItemAt(0); // Tries to get the item's contents as a URI pointing to a note Uri uri = item.getUri(); // Tests to see that the item actually is an URI, and that the URI // is a content URI pointing to a provider whose MIME type is the same // as the MIME type supported by the Note pad provider. if (uri != null && NotePad.Notes.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE.equals(cr.getType(uri))) { // The clipboard holds a reference to data with a note MIME type. This copies it. Cursor orig = cr.query( uri, // URI for the content provider PROJECTION, // Get the columns referred to in the projection null, // No selection variables null, // No selection variables, so no criteria are needed null // Use the default sort order ); // If the Cursor is not null, and it contains at least one record // (moveToFirst() returns true), then this gets the note data from it. if (orig != null) { if (orig.moveToFirst()) { int colNoteIndex = orig.getColumnIndex(NotePad.Notes.COLUMN_NAME_NOTE); int colTitleIndex = orig.getColumnIndex(NotePad.Notes.COLUMN_NAME_TITLE); text = orig.getString(colNoteIndex); title = orig.getString(colTitleIndex); } // Closes the cursor. orig.close(); } } // If the contents of the clipboard wasn't a reference to a note, then // this converts whatever it is to text. if (text == null) { text = item.coerceToText(this).toString(); } // Updates the current note with the retrieved title and text. updateNote(text, title); } }
In many cases an application can paste various types of streams of data. For
example, an e-mail application may want to allow the user to paste an image
or other binary data as an attachment. This is accomplished through the
ContentResolver ContentResolver#getStreamTypes(Uri, String)
and
ContentResolver#openTypedAssetFileDescriptor(Uri, String, android.os.Bundle)
methods. These allow a client to discover the type(s) of data that a particular
content URI can make available as a stream and retrieve the stream of data.
For example, the implementation of Item.coerceToText
itself uses this to try to retrieve a URI clip as a stream of text:
public CharSequence coerceToText(Context context) { // If this Item has an explicit textual value, simply return that. CharSequence text = getText(); if (text != null) { return text; } // Gracefully handle cases where resolver isn't available ContentResolver resolver = null; try { resolver = context.getContentResolver(); } catch (Exception e) { Log.w(TAG, "Failed to obtain ContentResolver: " + e); } // If this Item has a URI value, try using that. Uri uri = getUri(); if (uri != null && resolver != null) { // First see if the URI can be opened as a plain text stream // (of any sub-type). If so, this is the best textual // representation for it. AssetFileDescriptor descr = null; FileInputStream stream = null; InputStreamReader reader = null; try { try { // Ask for a stream of the desired type. descr = resolver.openTypedAssetFileDescriptor(uri, "text/*", null); } catch (SecurityException e) { Log.w(TAG, "Failure opening stream", e); } catch (FileNotFoundException|RuntimeException e) { // Unable to open content URI as text... not really an // error, just something to ignore. } if (descr != null) { try { stream = descr.createInputStream(); reader = new InputStreamReader(stream, "UTF-8"); // Got it... copy the stream into a local string and return it. final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(128); char[] buffer = new char[8192]; int len; while ((len=reader.read(buffer)) > 0) { builder.append(buffer, 0, len); } return builder.toString(); } catch (IOException e) { // Something bad has happened. Log.w(TAG, "Failure loading text", e); return e.toString(); } } } finally { IoUtils.closeQuietly(descr); IoUtils.closeQuietly(stream); IoUtils.closeQuietly(reader); } } if (uri != null) { // If we couldn't open the URI as a stream, use the URI itself as a textual // representation (but not for "content", "android.resource" or "file" schemes). final String scheme = uri.getScheme(); if (SCHEME_CONTENT.equals(scheme) || SCHEME_ANDROID_RESOURCE.equals(scheme) || SCHEME_FILE.equals(scheme)) { return ""; } return uri.toString(); } // Finally, if all we have is an Intent, then we can just turn that // into text. Not the most user-friendly thing, but it's something. Intent intent = getIntent(); if (intent != null) { return intent.toUri(Intent.URI_INTENT_SCHEME); } // Shouldn't get here, but just in case... return ""; }
Implementing Copy or Drag
To be the source of a clip, the application must construct a ClipData
object that any recipient can interpret best for their context. If the clip
is to contain a simple text, Intent, or URI, this is easy: an Item
containing the appropriate data type can be constructed and used.
More complicated data types require the implementation of support in a ContentProvider for describing and generating the data for the recipient. A common scenario is one where an application places on the clipboard the content: URI of an object that the user has copied, with the data at that URI consisting of a complicated structure that only other applications with direct knowledge of the structure can use.
For applications that do not have intrinsic knowledge of the data structure,
the content provider holding it can make the data available as an arbitrary
number of types of data streams. This is done by implementing the
ContentProvider ContentProvider#getStreamTypes(Uri, String)
and
ContentProvider#openTypedAssetFile(Uri, String, android.os.Bundle)
methods.
Going back to our simple NotePad application, this is the implementation it may have to convert a single note URI (consisting of a title and the note text) into a stream of plain text data.
/** * This describes the MIME types that are supported for opening a note * URI as a stream. */ static ClipDescription NOTE_STREAM_TYPES = new ClipDescription(null, new String[] { ClipDescription.MIMETYPE_TEXT_PLAIN }); /** * Returns the types of available data streams. URIs to specific notes are supported. * The application can convert such a note to a plain text stream. * * @param uri the URI to analyze * @param mimeTypeFilter The MIME type to check for. This method only returns a data stream * type for MIME types that match the filter. Currently, only text/plain MIME types match. * @return a data stream MIME type. Currently, only text/plan is returned. * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the URI pattern doesn't match any supported patterns. */ @Override public String[] getStreamTypes(Uri uri, String mimeTypeFilter) { /** * Chooses the data stream type based on the incoming URI pattern. */ switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri)) { // If the pattern is for notes or live folders, return null. Data streams are not // supported for this type of URI. case NOTES: return null; // If the pattern is for note IDs and the MIME filter is text/plain, then return // text/plain case NOTE_ID: return NOTE_STREAM_TYPES.filterMimeTypes(mimeTypeFilter); // If the URI pattern doesn't match any permitted patterns, throws an exception. default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri); } } /** * Returns a stream of data for each supported stream type. This method does a query on the * incoming URI, then uses * {@link android.content.ContentProvider#openPipeHelper(Uri, String, Bundle, Object, * PipeDataWriter)} to start another thread in which to convert the data into a stream. * * @param uri The URI pattern that points to the data stream * @param mimeTypeFilter A String containing a MIME type. This method tries to get a stream of * data with this MIME type. * @param opts Additional options supplied by the caller. Can be interpreted as * desired by the content provider. * @return AssetFileDescriptor A handle to the file. * @throws FileNotFoundException if there is no file associated with the incoming URI. */ @Override public AssetFileDescriptor openTypedAssetFile(Uri uri, String mimeTypeFilter, Bundle opts) throws FileNotFoundException { // Checks to see if the MIME type filter matches a supported MIME type. String[] mimeTypes = getStreamTypes(uri, mimeTypeFilter); // If the MIME type is supported if (mimeTypes != null) { // Retrieves the note for this URI. Uses the query method defined for this provider, // rather than using the database query method. Cursor c = query( uri, // The URI of a note READ_NOTE_PROJECTION, // Gets a projection containing the note's ID, title, // and contents null, // No WHERE clause, get all matching records null, // Since there is no WHERE clause, no selection criteria null // Use the default sort order (modification date, // descending ); // If the query fails or the cursor is empty, stop if (c == null || !c.moveToFirst()) { // If the cursor is empty, simply close the cursor and return if (c != null) { c.close(); } // If the cursor is null, throw an exception throw new FileNotFoundException("Unable to query " + uri); } // Start a new thread that pipes the stream data back to the caller. return new AssetFileDescriptor( openPipeHelper(uri, mimeTypes[0], opts, c, this), 0, AssetFileDescriptor.UNKNOWN_LENGTH); } // If the MIME type is not supported, return a read-only handle to the file. return super.openTypedAssetFile(uri, mimeTypeFilter, opts); } /** * Implementation of {@link android.content.ContentProvider.PipeDataWriter} * to perform the actual work of converting the data in one of cursors to a * stream of data for the client to read. */ @Override public void writeDataToPipe(ParcelFileDescriptor output, Uri uri, String mimeType, Bundle opts, Cursor c) { // We currently only support conversion-to-text from a single note entry, // so no need for cursor data type checking here. FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(output.getFileDescriptor()); PrintWriter pw = null; try { pw = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(fout, "UTF-8")); pw.println(c.getString(READ_NOTE_TITLE_INDEX)); pw.println(""); pw.println(c.getString(READ_NOTE_NOTE_INDEX)); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { Log.w(TAG, "Ooops", e); } finally { c.close(); if (pw != null) { pw.flush(); } try { fout.close(); } catch (IOException e) { } } }
The copy operation in our NotePad application is now just a simple matter of making a clip containing the URI of the note being copied:
case R.id.context_copy: // Gets a handle to the clipboard service. ClipboardManager clipboard = (ClipboardManager) getSystemService(Context.CLIPBOARD_SERVICE); // Copies the notes URI to the clipboard. In effect, this copies the note itself clipboard.setPrimaryClip(ClipData.newUri( // new clipboard item holding a URI getContentResolver(), // resolver to retrieve URI info "Note", // label for the clip noteUri) // the URI ); // Returns to the caller and skips further processing. return true;
Note if a paste operation needs this clip as text (for example to paste
into an editor), then Item#coerceToText(Context)
will ask the content
provider for the clip URI as text and successfully paste the entire note.
Summary
Nested classes | |
---|---|
class |
ClipData.Item
Description of a single item in a ClipData. |
Inherited constants |
---|
Fields | |
---|---|
public
static
final
Creator<ClipData> |
CREATOR
|
Public constructors | |
---|---|
ClipData(CharSequence label, String[] mimeTypes, ClipData.Item item)
Create a new clip. |
|
ClipData(ClipDescription description, ClipData.Item item)
Create a new clip. |
|
ClipData(ClipData other)
Create a new clip that is a copy of another clip. |
Public methods | |
---|---|
void
|
addItem(ContentResolver resolver, ClipData.Item item)
Add a new Item to the overall ClipData container. |
void
|
addItem(ClipData.Item item)
Add a new Item to the overall ClipData container. |
int
|
describeContents()
Describe the kinds of special objects contained in this Parcelable instance's marshaled representation. |
ClipDescription
|
getDescription()
Return the |
ClipData.Item
|
getItemAt(int index)
Return a single item inside of the clip data. |
int
|
getItemCount()
Return the number of items in the clip data. |
static
ClipData
|
newHtmlText(CharSequence label, CharSequence text, String htmlText)
Create a new ClipData holding data of the type
|
static
ClipData
|
newIntent(CharSequence label, Intent intent)
Create a new ClipData holding an Intent with MIME type
|
static
ClipData
|
newPlainText(CharSequence label, CharSequence text)
Create a new ClipData holding data of the type
|
static
ClipData
|
newRawUri(CharSequence label, Uri uri)
Create a new ClipData holding an URI with MIME type
|
static
ClipData
|
newUri(ContentResolver resolver, CharSequence label, Uri uri)
Create a new ClipData holding a URI. |
String
|
toString()
Returns a string representation of the object. |
void
|
writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags)
Flatten this object in to a Parcel. |
Inherited methods | |
---|---|
Fields
Public constructors
ClipData
public ClipData (CharSequence label, String[] mimeTypes, ClipData.Item item)
Create a new clip.
Parameters | |
---|---|
label |
CharSequence : Label to show to the user describing this clip. |
mimeTypes |
String : An array of MIME types this data is available as. |
item |
ClipData.Item : The contents of the first item in the clip. |
ClipData
public ClipData (ClipDescription description, ClipData.Item item)
Create a new clip.
Parameters | |
---|---|
description |
ClipDescription : The ClipDescription describing the clip contents. |
item |
ClipData.Item : The contents of the first item in the clip. |
ClipData
public ClipData (ClipData other)
Create a new clip that is a copy of another clip. This does a deep-copy of all items in the clip.
Parameters | |
---|---|
other |
ClipData : The existing ClipData that is to be copied. |
Public methods
addItem
public void addItem (ContentResolver resolver, ClipData.Item item)
Add a new Item to the overall ClipData container.
Unlike addItem(android.content.ClipData.Item)
, this method will update the list of available MIME types
in the ClipDescription
.
Parameters | |
---|---|
resolver |
ContentResolver : ContentResolver used to get information about the URI possibly contained in
the item. |
item |
ClipData.Item : Item to be added. |
addItem
public void addItem (ClipData.Item item)
Add a new Item to the overall ClipData container.
This method will not update the list of available MIME types in the
ClipDescription
. It should be used only when adding items which do not add new
MIME types to this clip. If this is not the case, use addItem(android.content.ContentResolver, android.content.ClipData.Item)
or call ClipData(java.lang.CharSequence, java.lang.String[], android.content.ClipData.Item)
with a complete list of MIME types.
Parameters | |
---|---|
item |
ClipData.Item : Item to be added. |
describeContents
public int describeContents ()
Describe the kinds of special objects contained in this Parcelable
instance's marshaled representation. For example, if the object will
include a file descriptor in the output of writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int)
,
the return value of this method must include the
CONTENTS_FILE_DESCRIPTOR
bit.
Returns | |
---|---|
int |
a bitmask indicating the set of special object types marshaled
by this Parcelable object instance.
Value is either 0 or CONTENTS_FILE_DESCRIPTOR |
getDescription
public ClipDescription getDescription ()
Return the ClipDescription
associated with this data, describing
what it contains.
Returns | |
---|---|
ClipDescription |
getItemAt
public ClipData.Item getItemAt (int index)
Return a single item inside of the clip data. The index can range
from 0 to getItemCount()
-1.
Parameters | |
---|---|
index |
int |
Returns | |
---|---|
ClipData.Item |
getItemCount
public int getItemCount ()
Return the number of items in the clip data.
Returns | |
---|---|
int |
newHtmlText
public static ClipData newHtmlText (CharSequence label, CharSequence text, String htmlText)
Create a new ClipData holding data of the type
ClipDescription#MIMETYPE_TEXT_HTML
.
Parameters | |
---|---|
label |
CharSequence : User-visible label for the clip data. |
text |
CharSequence : The text of clip as plain text, for receivers that don't
handle HTML. This is required. |
htmlText |
String : The actual HTML text in the clip. |
Returns | |
---|---|
ClipData |
Returns a new ClipData containing the specified data. |
newIntent
public static ClipData newIntent (CharSequence label, Intent intent)
Create a new ClipData holding an Intent with MIME type
ClipDescription#MIMETYPE_TEXT_INTENT
.
Parameters | |
---|---|
label |
CharSequence : User-visible label for the clip data. |
intent |
Intent : The actual Intent in the clip. |
Returns | |
---|---|
ClipData |
Returns a new ClipData containing the specified data. |
newPlainText
public static ClipData newPlainText (CharSequence label, CharSequence text)
Create a new ClipData holding data of the type
ClipDescription#MIMETYPE_TEXT_PLAIN
.
Parameters | |
---|---|
label |
CharSequence : User-visible label for the clip data. |
text |
CharSequence : The actual text in the clip. |
Returns | |
---|---|
ClipData |
Returns a new ClipData containing the specified data. |
newRawUri
public static ClipData newRawUri (CharSequence label, Uri uri)
Create a new ClipData holding an URI with MIME type
ClipDescription#MIMETYPE_TEXT_URILIST
.
Unlike newUri(android.content.ContentResolver, java.lang.CharSequence, android.net.Uri)
, nothing
is inferred about the URI -- if it is a content: URI holding a bitmap,
the reported type will still be uri-list. Use this with care!
Parameters | |
---|---|
label |
CharSequence : User-visible label for the clip data. |
uri |
Uri : The URI in the clip. |
Returns | |
---|---|
ClipData |
Returns a new ClipData containing the specified data. |
newUri
public static ClipData newUri (ContentResolver resolver, CharSequence label, Uri uri)
Create a new ClipData holding a URI. If the URI is a content: URI,
this will query the content provider for the MIME type of its data and
use that as the MIME type. Otherwise, it will use the MIME type
ClipDescription#MIMETYPE_TEXT_URILIST
.
Parameters | |
---|---|
resolver |
ContentResolver : ContentResolver used to get information about the URI. |
label |
CharSequence : User-visible label for the clip data. |
uri |
Uri : The URI in the clip. |
Returns | |
---|---|
ClipData |
Returns a new ClipData containing the specified data. |
toString
public String toString ()
Returns a string representation of the object.
Returns | |
---|---|
String |
a string representation of the object. |
writeToParcel
public void writeToParcel (Parcel dest, int flags)
Flatten this object in to a Parcel.
Parameters | |
---|---|
dest |
Parcel : The Parcel in which the object should be written.
This value cannot be null . |
flags |
int : Additional flags about how the object should be written.
May be 0 or Parcelable.PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE .
Value is either 0 or a combination of Parcelable.PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE , and android.os.Parcelable.PARCELABLE_ELIDE_DUPLICATES |
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Last updated 2024-04-11 UTC.