Added in API level 1

Summary: Nested Classes | Ctors | Methods | Protected Methods | Inherited Methods

ThreadPoolExecutor

public class ThreadPoolExecutor
extends AbstractExecutorService

java.lang.Object
↳	java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService
	↳	java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor

Known direct subclasses

ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor

ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor A ThreadPoolExecutor that can additionally schedule commands to run after a given delay, or to execute periodically.

An ExecutorService that executes each submitted task using one of possibly several pooled threads, normally configured using Executors factory methods.

Thread pools address two different problems: they usually provide improved performance when executing large numbers of asynchronous tasks, due to reduced per-task invocation overhead, and they provide a means of bounding and managing the resources, including threads, consumed when executing a collection of tasks. Each ThreadPoolExecutor also maintains some basic statistics, such as the number of completed tasks.

To be useful across a wide range of contexts, this class provides many adjustable parameters and extensibility hooks. However, programmers are urged to use the more convenient Executors factory methods Executors.newCachedThreadPool() (unbounded thread pool, with automatic thread reclamation), Executors#newFixedThreadPool (fixed size thread pool) and Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor() (single background thread), that preconfigure settings for the most common usage scenarios. Otherwise, use the following guide when manually configuring and tuning this class:

Core and maximum pool sizes

A ThreadPoolExecutor will automatically adjust the pool size (see getPoolSize()) according to the bounds set by corePoolSize (see getCorePoolSize()) and maximumPoolSize (see getMaximumPoolSize()). When a new task is submitted in method execute(java.lang.Runnable), if fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, a new thread is created to handle the request, even if other worker threads are idle. Else if fewer than maximumPoolSize threads are running, a new thread will be created to handle the request only if the queue is full. By setting corePoolSize and maximumPoolSize the same, you create a fixed-size thread pool. By setting maximumPoolSize to an essentially unbounded value such as Integer.MAX_VALUE, you allow the pool to accommodate an arbitrary number of concurrent tasks. Most typically, core and maximum pool sizes are set only upon construction, but they may also be changed dynamically using setCorePoolSize(int) and setMaximumPoolSize(int).

On-demand construction

By default, even core threads are initially created and started only when new tasks arrive, but this can be overridden dynamically using method prestartCoreThread() or prestartAllCoreThreads(). You probably want to prestart threads if you construct the pool with a non-empty queue.

Creating new threads

New threads are created using a ThreadFactory. If not otherwise specified, a Executors#defaultThreadFactory is used, that creates threads to all be in the same ThreadGroup and with the same NORM_PRIORITY priority and non-daemon status. By supplying a different ThreadFactory, you can alter the thread's name, thread group, priority, daemon status, etc. If a ThreadFactory fails to create a thread when asked by returning null from newThread, the executor will continue, but might not be able to execute any tasks. Threads should possess the "modifyThread" RuntimePermission. If worker threads or other threads using the pool do not possess this permission, service may be degraded: configuration changes may not take effect in a timely manner, and a shutdown pool may remain in a state in which termination is possible but not completed.

Keep-alive times

If the pool currently has more than corePoolSize threads, excess threads will be terminated if they have been idle for more than the keepAliveTime (see getKeepAliveTime(java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit)). This provides a means of reducing resource consumption when the pool is not being actively used. If the pool becomes more active later, new threads will be constructed. This parameter can also be changed dynamically using method setKeepAliveTime(long, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit). Using a value of Long.MAX_VALUE TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS effectively disables idle threads from ever terminating prior to shut down. By default, the keep-alive policy applies only when there are more than corePoolSize threads, but method allowCoreThreadTimeOut(boolean) can be used to apply this time-out policy to core threads as well, so long as the keepAliveTime value is non-zero.

Queuing

Any BlockingQueue may be used to transfer and hold submitted tasks. The use of this queue interacts with pool sizing:

If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, the Executor always prefers adding a new thread rather than queuing.
If corePoolSize or more threads are running, the Executor always prefers queuing a request rather than adding a new thread.
If a request cannot be queued, a new thread is created unless this would exceed maximumPoolSize, in which case, the task will be rejected.

There are three general strategies for queuing:

Direct handoffs. A good default choice for a work queue is a SynchronousQueue that hands off tasks to threads without otherwise holding them. Here, an attempt to queue a task will fail if no threads are immediately available to run it, so a new thread will be constructed. This policy avoids lockups when handling sets of requests that might have internal dependencies. Direct handoffs generally require unbounded maximumPoolSizes to avoid rejection of new submitted tasks. This in turn admits the possibility of unbounded thread growth when commands continue to arrive on average faster than they can be processed.
Unbounded queues. Using an unbounded queue (for example a LinkedBlockingQueue without a predefined capacity) will cause new tasks to wait in the queue when all corePoolSize threads are busy. Thus, no more than corePoolSize threads will ever be created. (And the value of the maximumPoolSize therefore doesn't have any effect.) This may be appropriate when each task is completely independent of others, so tasks cannot affect each others execution; for example, in a web page server. While this style of queuing can be useful in smoothing out transient bursts of requests, it admits the possibility of unbounded work queue growth when commands continue to arrive on average faster than they can be processed.
Bounded queues. A bounded queue (for example, an ArrayBlockingQueue) helps prevent resource exhaustion when used with finite maximumPoolSizes, but can be more difficult to tune and control. Queue sizes and maximum pool sizes may be traded off for each other: Using large queues and small pools minimizes CPU usage, OS resources, and context-switching overhead, but can lead to artificially low throughput. If tasks frequently block (for example if they are I/O bound), a system may be able to schedule time for more threads than you otherwise allow. Use of small queues generally requires larger pool sizes, which keeps CPUs busier but may encounter unacceptable scheduling overhead, which also decreases throughput.

Rejected tasks

New tasks submitted in method execute(java.lang.Runnable) will be rejected when the Executor has been shut down, and also when the Executor uses finite bounds for both maximum threads and work queue capacity, and is saturated. In either case, the execute method invokes the RejectedExecutionHandler.rejectedExecution(java.lang.Runnable, java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor) method of its RejectedExecutionHandler. Four predefined handler policies are provided:

In the default ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy, the handler throws a runtime RejectedExecutionException upon rejection.
In ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy, the thread that invokes execute itself runs the task. This provides a simple feedback control mechanism that will slow down the rate that new tasks are submitted.
In ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy, a task that cannot be executed is simply dropped. This policy is designed only for those rare cases in which task completion is never relied upon.
In ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy, if the executor is not shut down, the task at the head of the work queue is dropped, and then execution is retried (which can fail again, causing this to be repeated.) This policy is rarely acceptable. In nearly all cases, you should also cancel the task to cause an exception in any component waiting for its completion, and/or log the failure, as illustrated in ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy documentation.

It is possible to define and use other kinds of RejectedExecutionHandler classes. Doing so requires some care especially when policies are designed to work only under particular capacity or queuing policies.

Hook methods

This class provides protected overridable beforeExecute(java.lang.Thread, java.lang.Runnable) and afterExecute(java.lang.Runnable, java.lang.Throwable) methods that are called before and after execution of each task. These can be used to manipulate the execution environment; for example, reinitializing ThreadLocals, gathering statistics, or adding log entries. Additionally, method terminated() can be overridden to perform any special processing that needs to be done once the Executor has fully terminated.

If hook, callback, or BlockingQueue methods throw exceptions, internal worker threads may in turn fail, abruptly terminate, and possibly be replaced.

Queue maintenance

Method getQueue() allows access to the work queue for purposes of monitoring and debugging. Use of this method for any other purpose is strongly discouraged. Two supplied methods, remove(java.lang.Runnable) and purge() are available to assist in storage reclamation when large numbers of queued tasks become cancelled.

Reclamation

A pool that is no longer referenced in a program AND has no remaining threads may be reclaimed (garbage collected) without being explicitly shutdown. You can configure a pool to allow all unused threads to eventually die by setting appropriate keep-alive times, using a lower bound of zero core threads and/or setting allowCoreThreadTimeOut(boolean).

Extension example. Most extensions of this class override one or more of the protected hook methods. For example, here is a subclass that adds a simple pause/resume feature:

 class PausableThreadPoolExecutor extends ThreadPoolExecutor {
   private boolean isPaused;
   private ReentrantLock pauseLock = new ReentrantLock();
   private Condition unpaused = pauseLock.newCondition();

   public PausableThreadPoolExecutor(...) { super(...); }

   protected void beforeExecute(Thread t, Runnable r) {
     super.beforeExecute(t, r);
     pauseLock.lock();
     try {
       while (isPaused) unpaused.await();
     } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
       t.interrupt();
     } finally {
       pauseLock.unlock();
     }
   }

   public void pause() {
     pauseLock.lock();
     try {
       isPaused = true;
     } finally {
       pauseLock.unlock();
     }
   }

   public void resume() {
     pauseLock.lock();
     try {
       isPaused = false;
       unpaused.signalAll();
     } finally {
       pauseLock.unlock();
     }
   }
 }

Summary

Nested classes
`class`	`ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy` A handler for rejected tasks that throws a `RejectedExecutionException`.
`class`	`ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy` A handler for rejected tasks that runs the rejected task directly in the calling thread of the `execute` method, unless the executor has been shut down, in which case the task is discarded.
`class`	`ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy` A handler for rejected tasks that discards the oldest unhandled request and then retries `execute`, unless the executor is shut down, in which case the task is discarded.
`class`	`ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy` A handler for rejected tasks that silently discards the rejected task.

Public constructors
`ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue)` Creates a new `ThreadPoolExecutor` with the given initial parameters, the default thread factory and the default rejected execution handler.
`ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, ThreadFactory threadFactory)` Creates a new `ThreadPoolExecutor` with the given initial parameters and the default rejected execution handler.
`ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, RejectedExecutionHandler handler)` Creates a new `ThreadPoolExecutor` with the given initial parameters and the default thread factory.
`ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, ThreadFactory threadFactory, RejectedExecutionHandler handler)` Creates a new `ThreadPoolExecutor` with the given initial parameters.

Public methods
`void`	`allowCoreThreadTimeOut(boolean value)` Sets the policy governing whether core threads may time out and terminate if no tasks arrive within the keep-alive time, being replaced if needed when new tasks arrive.
`boolean`	`allowsCoreThreadTimeOut()` Returns true if this pool allows core threads to time out and terminate if no tasks arrive within the keepAlive time, being replaced if needed when new tasks arrive.
`boolean`	`awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)`
`void`	`execute(Runnable command)` Executes the given task sometime in the future.
`int`	`getActiveCount()` Returns the approximate number of threads that are actively executing tasks.
`long`	`getCompletedTaskCount()` Returns the approximate total number of tasks that have completed execution.
`int`	`getCorePoolSize()` Returns the core number of threads.
`long`	`getKeepAliveTime(TimeUnit unit)` Returns the thread keep-alive time, which is the amount of time that threads may remain idle before being terminated.
`int`	`getLargestPoolSize()` Returns the largest number of threads that have ever simultaneously been in the pool.
`int`	`getMaximumPoolSize()` Returns the maximum allowed number of threads.
`int`	`getPoolSize()` Returns the current number of threads in the pool.
`BlockingQueue<Runnable>`	`getQueue()` Returns the task queue used by this executor.
`RejectedExecutionHandler`	`getRejectedExecutionHandler()` Returns the current handler for unexecutable tasks.
`long`	`getTaskCount()` Returns the approximate total number of tasks that have ever been scheduled for execution.
`ThreadFactory`	`getThreadFactory()` Returns the thread factory used to create new threads.
`boolean`	`isShutdown()`
`boolean`	`isTerminated()`
`boolean`	`isTerminating()` Returns true if this executor is in the process of terminating after `shutdown()` or `shutdownNow()` but has not completely terminated.
`int`	`prestartAllCoreThreads()` Starts all core threads, causing them to idly wait for work.
`boolean`	`prestartCoreThread()` Starts a core thread, causing it to idly wait for work.
`void`	`purge()` Tries to remove from the work queue all `Future` tasks that have been cancelled.
`boolean`	`remove(Runnable task)` Removes this task from the executor's internal queue if it is present, thus causing it not to be run if it has not already started.
`void`	`setCorePoolSize(int corePoolSize)` Sets the core number of threads.
`void`	`setKeepAliveTime(long time, TimeUnit unit)` Sets the thread keep-alive time, which is the amount of time that threads may remain idle before being terminated.
`void`	`setMaximumPoolSize(int maximumPoolSize)` Sets the maximum allowed number of threads.
`void`	`setRejectedExecutionHandler(RejectedExecutionHandler handler)` Sets a new handler for unexecutable tasks.
`void`	`setThreadFactory(ThreadFactory threadFactory)` Sets the thread factory used to create new threads.
`void`	`shutdown()` Initiates an orderly shutdown in which previously submitted tasks are executed, but no new tasks will be accepted.
`List<Runnable>`	`shutdownNow()` Attempts to stop all actively executing tasks, halts the processing of waiting tasks, and returns a list of the tasks that were awaiting execution.
`String`	`toString()` Returns a string identifying this pool, as well as its state, including indications of run state and estimated worker and task counts.

Protected methods
`void`	`afterExecute(Runnable r, Throwable t)` Method invoked upon completion of execution of the given Runnable.
`void`	`beforeExecute(Thread t, Runnable r)` Method invoked prior to executing the given Runnable in the given thread.
`void`	`finalize()` This method is deprecated. Subclass is not recommended to override finalize(). If it must, please always invoke super.finalize().
`void`	`terminated()` Method invoked when the Executor has terminated.

Inherited methods

From class


        
          java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService

`<T> List<Future<T>>`	`invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks)` Executes the given tasks, returning a list of Futures holding their status and results when all complete.
`<T> List<Future<T>>`	`invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)` Executes the given tasks, returning a list of Futures holding their status and results when all complete or the timeout expires, whichever happens first.
`<T> T`	`invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks)` Executes the given tasks, returning the result of one that has completed successfully (i.e., without throwing an exception), if any do.
`<T> T`	`invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)` Executes the given tasks, returning the result of one that has completed successfully (i.e., without throwing an exception), if any do before the given timeout elapses.
`<T> RunnableFuture<T>`	`newTaskFor(Runnable runnable, T value)` Returns a `RunnableFuture` for the given runnable and default value.
`<T> RunnableFuture<T>`	`newTaskFor(Callable<T> callable)` Returns a `RunnableFuture` for the given callable task.
`<T> Future<T>`	`submit(Callable<T> task)` Submits a value-returning task for execution and returns a Future representing the pending results of the task.
`<T> Future<T>`	`submit(Runnable task, T result)` Submits a Runnable task for execution and returns a Future representing that task.
`Future<?>`	`submit(Runnable task)` Submits a Runnable task for execution and returns a Future representing that task.

From class


        
          java.lang.Object

`Object`	`clone()` Creates and returns a copy of this object.
`boolean`	`equals(Object obj)` Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
`void`	`finalize()` Called by the garbage collector on an object when garbage collection determines that there are no more references to the object.
`final Class<?>`	`getClass()` Returns the runtime class of this `Object`.
`int`	`hashCode()` Returns a hash code value for the object.
`final void`	`notify()` Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on this object's monitor.
`final void`	`notifyAll()` Wakes up all threads that are waiting on this object's monitor.
`String`	`toString()` Returns a string representation of the object.
`final void`	`wait(long timeoutMillis, int nanos)` Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed.
`final void`	`wait(long timeoutMillis)` Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed.
`final void`	`wait()` Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted.

From interface


        
          java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService

`abstract boolean`	`awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)` Blocks until all tasks have completed execution after a shutdown request, or the timeout occurs, or the current thread is interrupted, whichever happens first.
`abstract <T> List<Future<T>>`	`invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks)` Executes the given tasks, returning a list of Futures holding their status and results when all complete.
`abstract <T> List<Future<T>>`	`invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)` Executes the given tasks, returning a list of Futures holding their status and results when all complete or the timeout expires, whichever happens first.
`abstract <T> T`	`invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks)` Executes the given tasks, returning the result of one that has completed successfully (i.e., without throwing an exception), if any do.
`abstract <T> T`	`invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)` Executes the given tasks, returning the result of one that has completed successfully (i.e., without throwing an exception), if any do before the given timeout elapses.
`abstract boolean`	`isShutdown()` Returns `true` if this executor has been shut down.
`abstract boolean`	`isTerminated()` Returns `true` if all tasks have completed following shut down.
`abstract void`	`shutdown()` Initiates an orderly shutdown in which previously submitted tasks are executed, but no new tasks will be accepted.
`abstract List<Runnable>`	`shutdownNow()` Attempts to stop all actively executing tasks, halts the processing of waiting tasks, and returns a list of the tasks that were awaiting execution.
`abstract <T> Future<T>`	`submit(Callable<T> task)` Submits a value-returning task for execution and returns a Future representing the pending results of the task.
`abstract <T> Future<T>`	`submit(Runnable task, T result)` Submits a Runnable task for execution and returns a Future representing that task.
`abstract Future<?>`	`submit(Runnable task)` Submits a Runnable task for execution and returns a Future representing that task.

From interface


        
          java.util.concurrent.Executor


      execute(Runnable command)

Executes the given command at some time in the future.

Public constructors

ThreadPoolExecutor

Added in API level 1

public ThreadPoolExecutor (int corePoolSize, 
                int maximumPoolSize, 
                long keepAliveTime, 
                TimeUnit unit, 
                BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue)

Creates a new ThreadPoolExecutor with the given initial parameters, the default thread factory and the default rejected execution handler.

It may be more convenient to use one of the Executors factory methods instead of this general purpose constructor.

Parameters
`corePoolSize`	`int`: the number of threads to keep in the pool, even if they are idle, unless `allowCoreThreadTimeOut` is set
`maximumPoolSize`	`int`: the maximum number of threads to allow in the pool
`keepAliveTime`	`long`: when the number of threads is greater than the core, this is the maximum time that excess idle threads will wait for new tasks before terminating.
`unit`	`TimeUnit`: the time unit for the `keepAliveTime` argument
`workQueue`	`BlockingQueue`: the queue to use for holding tasks before they are executed. This queue will hold only the `Runnable` tasks submitted by the `execute` method.

Throws
`IllegalArgumentException`	if one of the following holds: `corePoolSize < 0` `keepAliveTime < 0` `maximumPoolSize <= 0` `maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize`
`NullPointerException`	if `workQueue` is null

ThreadPoolExecutor

Added in API level 1

public ThreadPoolExecutor (int corePoolSize, 
                int maximumPoolSize, 
                long keepAliveTime, 
                TimeUnit unit, 
                BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, 
                ThreadFactory threadFactory)

Creates a new ThreadPoolExecutor with the given initial parameters and the default rejected execution handler.

Parameters
`corePoolSize`	`int`: the number of threads to keep in the pool, even if they are idle, unless `allowCoreThreadTimeOut` is set
`maximumPoolSize`	`int`: the maximum number of threads to allow in the pool
`keepAliveTime`	`long`: when the number of threads is greater than the core, this is the maximum time that excess idle threads will wait for new tasks before terminating.
`unit`	`TimeUnit`: the time unit for the `keepAliveTime` argument
`workQueue`	`BlockingQueue`: the queue to use for holding tasks before they are executed. This queue will hold only the `Runnable` tasks submitted by the `execute` method.
`threadFactory`	`ThreadFactory`: the factory to use when the executor creates a new thread

Throws
`IllegalArgumentException`	if one of the following holds: `corePoolSize < 0` `keepAliveTime < 0` `maximumPoolSize <= 0` `maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize`
`NullPointerException`	if `workQueue` or `threadFactory` is null

ThreadPoolExecutor

Added in API level 1

public ThreadPoolExecutor (int corePoolSize, 
                int maximumPoolSize, 
                long keepAliveTime, 
                TimeUnit unit, 
                BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, 
                RejectedExecutionHandler handler)

Creates a new ThreadPoolExecutor with the given initial parameters and the default thread factory.

Parameters
`corePoolSize`	`int`: the number of threads to keep in the pool, even if they are idle, unless `allowCoreThreadTimeOut` is set
`maximumPoolSize`	`int`: the maximum number of threads to allow in the pool
`keepAliveTime`	`long`: when the number of threads is greater than the core, this is the maximum time that excess idle threads will wait for new tasks before terminating.
`unit`	`TimeUnit`: the time unit for the `keepAliveTime` argument
`workQueue`	`BlockingQueue`: the queue to use for holding tasks before they are executed. This queue will hold only the `Runnable` tasks submitted by the `execute` method.
`handler`	`RejectedExecutionHandler`: the handler to use when execution is blocked because the thread bounds and queue capacities are reached

Throws
`IllegalArgumentException`	if one of the following holds: `corePoolSize < 0` `keepAliveTime < 0` `maximumPoolSize <= 0` `maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize`
`NullPointerException`	if `workQueue` or `handler` is null

ThreadPoolExecutor

Added in API level 1

public ThreadPoolExecutor (int corePoolSize, 
                int maximumPoolSize, 
                long keepAliveTime, 
                TimeUnit unit, 
                BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, 
                ThreadFactory threadFactory, 
                RejectedExecutionHandler handler)

Creates a new ThreadPoolExecutor with the given initial parameters.

Parameters
`corePoolSize`	`int`: the number of threads to keep in the pool, even if they are idle, unless `allowCoreThreadTimeOut` is set
`maximumPoolSize`	`int`: the maximum number of threads to allow in the pool
`keepAliveTime`	`long`: when the number of threads is greater than the core, this is the maximum time that excess idle threads will wait for new tasks before terminating.
`unit`	`TimeUnit`: the time unit for the `keepAliveTime` argument
`workQueue`	`BlockingQueue`: the queue to use for holding tasks before they are executed. This queue will hold only the `Runnable` tasks submitted by the `execute` method.
`threadFactory`	`ThreadFactory`: the factory to use when the executor creates a new thread
`handler`	`RejectedExecutionHandler`: the handler to use when execution is blocked because the thread bounds and queue capacities are reached

Throws
`IllegalArgumentException`	if one of the following holds: `corePoolSize < 0` `keepAliveTime < 0` `maximumPoolSize <= 0` `maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize`
`NullPointerException`	if `workQueue` or `threadFactory` or `handler` is null

Public methods

allowCoreThreadTimeOut

Added in API level 9

public void allowCoreThreadTimeOut (boolean value)

Sets the policy governing whether core threads may time out and terminate if no tasks arrive within the keep-alive time, being replaced if needed when new tasks arrive. When false, core threads are never terminated due to lack of incoming tasks. When true, the same keep-alive policy applying to non-core threads applies also to core threads. To avoid continual thread replacement, the keep-alive time must be greater than zero when setting true. This method should in general be called before the pool is actively used.

Parameters
`value`	`boolean`: `true` if should time out, else `false`

Throws
`IllegalArgumentException`	if value is `true` and the current keep-alive time is not greater than zero

allowsCoreThreadTimeOut

Added in API level 9

public boolean allowsCoreThreadTimeOut ()

Returns true if this pool allows core threads to time out and terminate if no tasks arrive within the keepAlive time, being replaced if needed when new tasks arrive. When true, the same keep-alive policy applying to non-core threads applies also to core threads. When false (the default), core threads are never terminated due to lack of incoming tasks.

Returns
`boolean`	`true` if core threads are allowed to time out, else `false`

awaitTermination

Added in API level 1

public boolean awaitTermination (long timeout, 
                TimeUnit unit)

Parameters
`timeout`	`long`
`unit`	`TimeUnit`

Returns
`boolean`

Throws
`InterruptedException`

execute

Added in API level 1

public void execute (Runnable command)

Executes the given task sometime in the future. The task may execute in a new thread or in an existing pooled thread. If the task cannot be submitted for execution, either because this executor has been shutdown or because its capacity has been reached, the task is handled by the current RejectedExecutionHandler.

Parameters
`command`	`Runnable`: the task to execute

Throws
`RejectedExecutionException`	at discretion of `RejectedExecutionHandler`, if the task cannot be accepted for execution
`NullPointerException`	if `command` is null

getActiveCount

Added in API level 1

public int getActiveCount ()

Returns the approximate number of threads that are actively executing tasks.

Returns
`int`	the number of threads

getCompletedTaskCount

Added in API level 1

public long getCompletedTaskCount ()

Returns the approximate total number of tasks that have completed execution. Because the states of tasks and threads may change dynamically during computation, the returned value is only an approximation, but one that does not ever decrease across successive calls.

Returns
`long`	the number of tasks

getCorePoolSize

Added in API level 1

public int getCorePoolSize ()

Returns the core number of threads.

Returns
`int`	the core number of threads

See also:

setCorePoolSize(int)

getKeepAliveTime

Added in API level 1

public long getKeepAliveTime (TimeUnit unit)

Returns the thread keep-alive time, which is the amount of time that threads may remain idle before being terminated. Threads that wait this amount of time without processing a task will be terminated if there are more than the core number of threads currently in the pool, or if this pool allows core thread timeout.

Parameters
`unit`	`TimeUnit`: the desired time unit of the result

Returns
`long`	the time limit

See also:

setKeepAliveTime(long, TimeUnit)

getLargestPoolSize

Added in API level 1

public int getLargestPoolSize ()

Returns the largest number of threads that have ever simultaneously been in the pool.

Returns
`int`	the number of threads

getMaximumPoolSize

Added in API level 1

public int getMaximumPoolSize ()

Returns the maximum allowed number of threads.

Returns
`int`	the maximum allowed number of threads

See also:

setMaximumPoolSize(int)

getPoolSize

Added in API level 1

public int getPoolSize ()

Returns the current number of threads in the pool.

Returns
`int`	the number of threads

getQueue

Added in API level 1

public BlockingQueue<Runnable> getQueue ()

Returns the task queue used by this executor. Access to the task queue is intended primarily for debugging and monitoring. This queue may be in active use. Retrieving the task queue does not prevent queued tasks from executing.

Returns
`BlockingQueue<Runnable>`	the task queue

getRejectedExecutionHandler

Added in API level 1

public RejectedExecutionHandler getRejectedExecutionHandler ()

Returns the current handler for unexecutable tasks.

Returns
`RejectedExecutionHandler`	the current handler

See also:

setRejectedExecutionHandler(RejectedExecutionHandler)

getTaskCount

Added in API level 1

public long getTaskCount ()

Returns the approximate total number of tasks that have ever been scheduled for execution. Because the states of tasks and threads may change dynamically during computation, the returned value is only an approximation.

Returns
`long`	the number of tasks

getThreadFactory

Added in API level 1

public ThreadFactory getThreadFactory ()

Returns the thread factory used to create new threads.

Returns
`ThreadFactory`	the current thread factory

See also:

setThreadFactory(ThreadFactory)

isShutdown

Added in API level 1

public boolean isShutdown ()

Returns
`boolean`

isTerminated

Added in API level 1

public boolean isTerminated ()

Returns
`boolean`

isTerminating

Added in API level 1

public boolean isTerminating ()

Returns true if this executor is in the process of terminating after shutdown() or shutdownNow() but has not completely terminated. This method may be useful for debugging. A return of true reported a sufficient period after shutdown may indicate that submitted tasks have ignored or suppressed interruption, causing this executor not to properly terminate.

Returns
`boolean`	`true` if terminating but not yet terminated

prestartAllCoreThreads

Added in API level 1

public int prestartAllCoreThreads ()

Starts all core threads, causing them to idly wait for work. This overrides the default policy of starting core threads only when new tasks are executed.

Returns
`int`	the number of threads started

prestartCoreThread

Added in API level 1

public boolean prestartCoreThread ()

Starts a core thread, causing it to idly wait for work. This overrides the default policy of starting core threads only when new tasks are executed. This method will return false if all core threads have already been started.

Returns
`boolean`	`true` if a thread was started

purge

Added in API level 1

public void purge ()

Tries to remove from the work queue all Future tasks that have been cancelled. This method can be useful as a storage reclamation operation, that has no other impact on functionality. Cancelled tasks are never executed, but may accumulate in work queues until worker threads can actively remove them. Invoking this method instead tries to remove them now. However, this method may fail to remove tasks in the presence of interference by other threads.

remove

Added in API level 1

public boolean remove (Runnable task)

Removes this task from the executor's internal queue if it is present, thus causing it not to be run if it has not already started.

This method may be useful as one part of a cancellation scheme. It may fail to remove tasks that have been converted into other forms before being placed on the internal queue. For example, a task entered using submit might be converted into a form that maintains Future status. However, in such cases, method purge() may be used to remove those Futures that have been cancelled.

Parameters
`task`	`Runnable`: the task to remove

Returns
`boolean`	`true` if the task was removed

setCorePoolSize

Added in API level 1

public void setCorePoolSize (int corePoolSize)

Sets the core number of threads. This overrides any value set in the constructor. If the new value is smaller than the current value, excess existing threads will be terminated when they next become idle. If larger, new threads will, if needed, be started to execute any queued tasks.

Parameters
`corePoolSize`	`int`: the new core size

Throws
`IllegalArgumentException`	if `corePoolSize < 0`

See also:

getCorePoolSize()

setKeepAliveTime

Added in API level 1

public void setKeepAliveTime (long time, 
                TimeUnit unit)

Sets the thread keep-alive time, which is the amount of time that threads may remain idle before being terminated. Threads that wait this amount of time without processing a task will be terminated if there are more than the core number of threads currently in the pool, or if this pool allows core thread timeout. This overrides any value set in the constructor.

Parameters
`time`	`long`: the time to wait. A time value of zero will cause excess threads to terminate immediately after executing tasks.
`unit`	`TimeUnit`: the time unit of the `time` argument

Throws
`IllegalArgumentException`	if `time` less than zero or if `time` is zero and `allowsCoreThreadTimeOut`

See also:

getKeepAliveTime(TimeUnit)

setMaximumPoolSize

Added in API level 1

public void setMaximumPoolSize (int maximumPoolSize)

Sets the maximum allowed number of threads. This overrides any value set in the constructor. If the new value is smaller than the current value, excess existing threads will be terminated when they next become idle.

Parameters
`maximumPoolSize`	`int`: the new maximum

Throws
`IllegalArgumentException`	if the new maximum is less than or equal to zero, or less than the core pool size

See also:

getMaximumPoolSize()

setRejectedExecutionHandler

Added in API level 1

public void setRejectedExecutionHandler (RejectedExecutionHandler handler)

Sets a new handler for unexecutable tasks.

Parameters
`handler`	`RejectedExecutionHandler`: the new handler

Throws
`NullPointerException`	if handler is null

See also:

getRejectedExecutionHandler()

setThreadFactory

Added in API level 1

public void setThreadFactory (ThreadFactory threadFactory)

Sets the thread factory used to create new threads.

Parameters
`threadFactory`	`ThreadFactory`: the new thread factory

Throws
`NullPointerException`	if threadFactory is null

See also:

getThreadFactory()

shutdown

Added in API level 1

public void shutdown ()

Initiates an orderly shutdown in which previously submitted tasks are executed, but no new tasks will be accepted. Invocation has no additional effect if already shut down.

This method does not wait for previously submitted tasks to complete execution. Use awaitTermination to do that.

shutdownNow

Added in API level 1

public List<Runnable> shutdownNow ()

Attempts to stop all actively executing tasks, halts the processing of waiting tasks, and returns a list of the tasks that were awaiting execution. These tasks are drained (removed) from the task queue upon return from this method.

This method does not wait for actively executing tasks to terminate. Use awaitTermination to do that.

There are no guarantees beyond best-effort attempts to stop processing actively executing tasks. This implementation interrupts tasks via Thread#interrupt; any task that fails to respond to interrupts may never terminate.

Returns
`List<Runnable>`

toString

Added in API level 1

public String toString ()

Returns a string identifying this pool, as well as its state, including indications of run state and estimated worker and task counts.

Returns
`String`	a string identifying this pool, as well as its state

Protected methods

afterExecute

Added in API level 1

protected void afterExecute (Runnable r, 
                Throwable t)

Method invoked upon completion of execution of the given Runnable. This method is invoked by the thread that executed the task. If non-null, the Throwable is the uncaught RuntimeException or Error that caused execution to terminate abruptly.

This implementation does nothing, but may be customized in subclasses. Note: To properly nest multiple overridings, subclasses should generally invoke super.afterExecute at the beginning of this method.

Note: When actions are enclosed in tasks (such as FutureTask) either explicitly or via methods such as submit, these task objects catch and maintain computational exceptions, and so they do not cause abrupt termination, and the internal exceptions are not passed to this method. If you would like to trap both kinds of failures in this method, you can further probe for such cases, as in this sample subclass that prints either the direct cause or the underlying exception if a task has been aborted:

 class ExtendedExecutor extends ThreadPoolExecutor {
   // ...
   protected void afterExecute(Runnable r, Throwable t) {
     super.afterExecute(r, t);
     if (t == null
         && r instanceof Future<?>
         && ((Future<?>)r).isDone()) {
       try {
         Object result = ((Future<?>) r).get();
       } catch (CancellationException ce) {
         t = ce;
       } catch (ExecutionException ee) {
         t = ee.getCause();
       } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
         // ignore/reset
         Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
       }
     }
     if (t != null)
       System.out.println(t);
   }
 }

Parameters
`r`	`Runnable`: the runnable that has completed
`t`	`Throwable`: the exception that caused termination, or null if execution completed normally

beforeExecute

Added in API level 1

protected void beforeExecute (Thread t, 
                Runnable r)

Method invoked prior to executing the given Runnable in the given thread. This method is invoked by thread t that will execute task r, and may be used to re-initialize ThreadLocals, or to perform logging.

This implementation does nothing, but may be customized in subclasses. Note: To properly nest multiple overridings, subclasses should generally invoke super.beforeExecute at the end of this method.

Parameters
`t`	`Thread`: the thread that will run task `r`
`r`	`Runnable`: the task that will be executed

finalize

Added in API level 1

protected void finalize ()

This method is deprecated.
Subclass is not recommended to override finalize(). If it must, please always invoke super.finalize().

Called by the garbage collector on an object when garbage collection determines that there are no more references to the object. A subclass overrides the finalize method to dispose of system resources or to perform other cleanup.

The general contract of finalize is that it is invoked if and when the Java virtual machine has determined that there is no longer any means by which this object can be accessed by any thread that has not yet died, except as a result of an action taken by the finalization of some other object or class which is ready to be finalized. The finalize method may take any action, including making this object available again to other threads; the usual purpose of finalize, however, is to perform cleanup actions before the object is irrevocably discarded. For example, the finalize method for an object that represents an input/output connection might perform explicit I/O transactions to break the connection before the object is permanently discarded.

The finalize method of class Object performs no special action; it simply returns normally. Subclasses of Object may override this definition.

The Java programming language does not guarantee which thread will invoke the finalize method for any given object. It is guaranteed, however, that the thread that invokes finalize will not be holding any user-visible synchronization locks when finalize is invoked. If an uncaught exception is thrown by the finalize method, the exception is ignored and finalization of that object terminates.

After the finalize method has been invoked for an object, no further action is taken until the Java virtual machine has again determined that there is no longer any means by which this object can be accessed by any thread that has not yet died, including possible actions by other objects or classes which are ready to be finalized, at which point the object may be discarded.

The finalize method is never invoked more than once by a Java virtual machine for any given object.

Any exception thrown by the finalize method causes the finalization of this object to be halted, but is otherwise ignored.

Implementation Note:

Previous versions of this class had a finalize method that shut down this executor, but in this version, finalize does nothing.

terminated

Added in API level 1

protected void terminated ()

Method invoked when the Executor has terminated. Default implementation does nothing. Note: To properly nest multiple overridings, subclasses should generally invoke super.terminated within this method.

ThreadPoolExecutor

Summary

Nested classes

Public constructors

Public methods

Protected methods

Inherited methods

Public constructors

ThreadPoolExecutor

ThreadPoolExecutor

ThreadPoolExecutor

ThreadPoolExecutor

Public methods

allowCoreThreadTimeOut

allowsCoreThreadTimeOut

awaitTermination

execute

getActiveCount

getCompletedTaskCount

getCorePoolSize

getKeepAliveTime

getLargestPoolSize

getMaximumPoolSize

getPoolSize

getQueue

getRejectedExecutionHandler

getTaskCount

getThreadFactory

isShutdown

isTerminated

isTerminating

prestartAllCoreThreads

prestartCoreThread

purge

remove

setCorePoolSize

setKeepAliveTime

setMaximumPoolSize

setRejectedExecutionHandler

setThreadFactory

shutdown

shutdownNow

toString

Protected methods

afterExecute

beforeExecute

finalize

Implementation Note:

terminated