Locale

public final class Locale
extends Object implements Cloneable, Serializable

java.lang.Object
   ↳ java.util.Locale

A Locale object represents a specific geographical, political, or cultural region. An operation that requires a Locale to perform its task is called locale-sensitive and uses the Locale to tailor information for the user. For example, displaying a number is a locale-sensitive operation— the number should be formatted according to the customs and conventions of the user's native country, region, or culture.

The Locale class implements IETF BCP 47 which is composed of RFC 4647 "Matching of Language Tags" and RFC 5646 "Tags for Identifying Languages" with support for the LDML (UTS#35, "Unicode Locale Data Markup Language") BCP 47-compatible extensions for locale data exchange.

A Locale object logically consists of the fields described below.

language
ISO 639 alpha-2 or alpha-3 language code, or registered language subtags up to 8 alpha letters (for future enhancements). When a language has both an alpha-2 code and an alpha-3 code, the alpha-2 code must be used. You can find a full list of valid language codes in the IANA Language Subtag Registry (search for "Type: language"). The language field is case insensitive, but Locale always canonicalizes to lower case.
Well-formed language values have the form [a-zA-Z]{2,8}. Note that this is not the full BCP47 language production, since it excludes extlang. They are not needed since modern three-letter language codes replace them.
Example: "en" (English), "ja" (Japanese), "kok" (Konkani)
script
ISO 15924 alpha-4 script code. You can find a full list of valid script codes in the IANA Language Subtag Registry (search for "Type: script"). The script field is case insensitive, but Locale always canonicalizes to title case (the first letter is upper case and the rest of the letters are lower case).
Well-formed script values have the form [a-zA-Z]{4}
Example: "Latn" (Latin), "Cyrl" (Cyrillic)
country (region)
ISO 3166 alpha-2 country code or UN M.49 numeric-3 area code. You can find a full list of valid country and region codes in the IANA Language Subtag Registry (search for "Type: region"). The country (region) field is case insensitive, but Locale always canonicalizes to upper case.
Well-formed country/region values have the form [a-zA-Z]{2} | [0-9]{3}
Example: "US" (United States), "FR" (France), "029" (Caribbean)
variant
Any arbitrary value used to indicate a variation of a Locale. Where there are two or more variant values each indicating its own semantics, these values should be ordered by importance, with most important first, separated by underscore('_'). The variant field is case sensitive.
Note: IETF BCP 47 places syntactic restrictions on variant subtags. Also BCP 47 subtags are strictly used to indicate additional variations that define a language or its dialects that are not covered by any combinations of language, script and region subtags. You can find a full list of valid variant codes in the IANA Language Subtag Registry (search for "Type: variant").

However, the variant field in Locale has historically been used for any kind of variation, not just language variations. For example, some supported variants available in Java SE Runtime Environments indicate alternative cultural behaviors such as calendar type or number script. In BCP 47 this kind of information, which does not identify the language, is supported by extension subtags or private use subtags.

Well-formed variant values have the form SUBTAG (('_'|'-') SUBTAG)* where SUBTAG = [0-9][0-9a-zA-Z]{3} | [0-9a-zA-Z]{5,8}. (Note: BCP 47 only uses hyphen ('-') as a delimiter, this is more lenient).
Example: "polyton" (Polytonic Greek), "POSIX"
extensions
A map from single character keys to string values, indicating extensions apart from language identification. The extensions in Locale implement the semantics and syntax of BCP 47 extension subtags and private use subtags. The extensions are case insensitive, but Locale canonicalizes all extension keys and values to lower case. Note that extensions cannot have empty values.
Well-formed keys are single characters from the set [0-9a-zA-Z]. Well-formed values have the form SUBTAG ('-' SUBTAG)* where for the key 'x' SUBTAG = [0-9a-zA-Z]{1,8} and for other keys SUBTAG = [0-9a-zA-Z]{2,8} (that is, 'x' allows single-character subtags).
Example: key="u"/value="ca-japanese" (Japanese Calendar), key="x"/value="java-1-7"
Note: Although BCP 47 requires field values to be registered in the IANA Language Subtag Registry, the Locale class does not provide any validation features. The Builder only checks if an individual field satisfies the syntactic requirement (is well-formed), but does not validate the value itself. See Builder for details.

Unicode locale/language extension

UTS#35, "Unicode Locale Data Markup Language" defines optional attributes and keywords to override or refine the default behavior associated with a locale. A keyword is represented by a pair of key and type. For example, "nu-thai" indicates that Thai local digits (value:"thai") should be used for formatting numbers (key:"nu").

The keywords are mapped to a BCP 47 extension value using the extension key 'u' (UNICODE_LOCALE_EXTENSION). The above example, "nu-thai", becomes the extension "u-nu-thai".

Thus, when a Locale object contains Unicode locale attributes and keywords, getExtension(UNICODE_LOCALE_EXTENSION) will return a String representing this information, for example, "nu-thai". The Locale class also provides getUnicodeLocaleAttributes(), getUnicodeLocaleKeys(), and getUnicodeLocaleType(String) which allow you to access Unicode locale attributes and key/type pairs directly. When represented as a string, the Unicode Locale Extension lists attributes alphabetically, followed by key/type sequences with keys listed alphabetically (the order of subtags comprising a key's type is fixed when the type is defined)

A well-formed locale key has the form [0-9a-zA-Z]{2}. A well-formed locale type has the form "" | [0-9a-zA-Z]{3,8} ('-' [0-9a-zA-Z]{3,8})* (it can be empty, or a series of subtags 3-8 alphanums in length). A well-formed locale attribute has the form [0-9a-zA-Z]{3,8} (it is a single subtag with the same form as a locale type subtag).

The Unicode locale extension specifies optional behavior in locale-sensitive services. Although the LDML specification defines various keys and values, actual locale-sensitive service implementations in a Java Runtime Environment might not support any particular Unicode locale attributes or key/type pairs.

Obtaining a Locale

There are several ways to obtain a Locale object.

Builder

Using Builder you can construct a Locale object that conforms to BCP 47 syntax.

Factory Methods

The method forLanguageTag(String) obtains a Locale object for a well-formed BCP 47 language tag. The method of(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String) and its overloads obtain a Locale object from given language, country, and/or variant defined above.

Locale Constants

The Locale class provides a number of convenient constants that you can use to obtain Locale objects for commonly used locales. For example, Locale.US is the Locale object for the United States.

Locale Matching

If an application or a system is internationalized and provides localized resources for multiple locales, it sometimes needs to find one or more locales (or language tags) which meet each user's specific preferences. Note that a term "language tag" is used interchangeably with "locale" in this locale matching documentation.

In order to do matching a user's preferred locales to a set of language tags, RFC 4647 Matching of Language Tags defines two mechanisms: filtering and lookup. Filtering is used to get all matching locales, whereas lookup is to choose the best matching locale. Matching is done case-insensitively. These matching mechanisms are described in the following sections.

A user's preference is called a Language Priority List and is expressed as a list of language ranges. There are syntactically two types of language ranges: basic and extended. See Locale.LanguageRange for details.

Filtering

The filtering operation returns all matching language tags. It is defined in RFC 4647 as follows: "In filtering, each language range represents the least specific language tag (that is, the language tag with fewest number of subtags) that is an acceptable match. All of the language tags in the matching set of tags will have an equal or greater number of subtags than the language range. Every non-wildcard subtag in the language range will appear in every one of the matching language tags."

There are two types of filtering: filtering for basic language ranges (called "basic filtering") and filtering for extended language ranges (called "extended filtering"). They may return different results by what kind of language ranges are included in the given Language Priority List. Locale.FilteringMode is a parameter to specify how filtering should be done.

Lookup

The lookup operation returns the best matching language tags. It is defined in RFC 4647 as follows: "By contrast with filtering, each language range represents the most specific tag that is an acceptable match. The first matching tag found, according to the user's priority, is considered the closest match and is the item returned."

For example, if a Language Priority List consists of two language ranges, "zh-Hant-TW" and "en-US", in prioritized order, lookup method progressively searches the language tags below in order to find the best matching language tag. 

    1. zh-Hant-TW
    2. zh-Hant
    3. zh
    4. en-US
    5. en
If there is a language tag which matches completely to a language range above, the language tag is returned.

"*" is the special language range, and it is ignored in lookup.

If multiple language tags match as a result of the subtag '*' included in a language range, the first matching language tag returned by an Iterator over a Collection of language tags is treated as the best matching one.

Use of Locale

Once you've obtained a Locale you can query it for information about itself. Use getCountry to get the country (or region) code and getLanguage to get the language code. You can use getDisplayCountry to get the name of the country suitable for displaying to the user. Similarly, you can use getDisplayLanguage to get the name of the language suitable for displaying to the user. Interestingly, the getDisplayXXX methods are themselves locale-sensitive and have two versions: one that uses the default DISPLAY locale and one that uses the locale specified as an argument.

The Java Platform provides a number of classes that perform locale-sensitive operations. For example, the NumberFormat class formats numbers, currency, and percentages in a locale-sensitive manner. Classes such as NumberFormat have several convenience methods for creating a default object of that type. For example, the NumberFormat class provides these three convenience methods for creating a default NumberFormat object: lang=java : NumberFormat.getInstance(); NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(); NumberFormat.getPercentInstance(); Each of these methods has two variants; one with an explicit locale and one without; the latter uses the default FORMAT locale: lang=java : NumberFormat.getInstance(myLocale); NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(myLocale); NumberFormat.getPercentInstance(myLocale); A Locale is the mechanism for identifying the kind of object (NumberFormat) that you would like to get. The locale is just a mechanism for identifying objects, not a container for the objects themselves.

Compatibility

In order to maintain compatibility, Locale's constructors retain their behavior prior to the Java Runtime Environment version 1.7. The same is largely true for the toString method. Thus Locale objects can continue to be used as they were. In particular, clients who parse the output of toString into language, country, and variant fields can continue to do so (although this is strongly discouraged), although the variant field will have additional information in it if script or extensions are present.

In addition, BCP 47 imposes syntax restrictions that are not imposed by Locale's constructors. This means that conversions between some Locales and BCP 47 language tags cannot be made without losing information. Thus toLanguageTag cannot represent the state of locales whose language, country, or variant do not conform to BCP 47.

Because of these issues, it is recommended that clients migrate away from constructing non-conforming locales and use the forLanguageTag and Locale.Builder APIs instead. Clients desiring a string representation of the complete locale can then always rely on toLanguageTag for this purpose.

Special cases

For compatibility reasons, two non-conforming locales are treated as special cases. These are ja_JP_JP and th_TH_TH. These are ill-formed in BCP 47 since the variants are too short. To ease migration to BCP 47, these are treated specially during construction. These two cases (and only these) cause a constructor to generate an extension, all other values behave exactly as they did prior to Java 7.

Java has used ja_JP_JP to represent Japanese as used in Japan together with the Japanese Imperial calendar. This is now representable using a Unicode locale extension, by specifying the Unicode locale key ca (for "calendar") and type japanese. When the Locale constructor is called with the arguments "ja", "JP", "JP", the extension "u-ca-japanese" is automatically added.

Java has used th_TH_TH to represent Thai as used in Thailand together with Thai digits. This is also now representable using a Unicode locale extension, by specifying the Unicode locale key nu (for "number") and value thai. When the Locale constructor is called with the arguments "th", "TH", "TH", the extension "u-nu-thai" is automatically added.

Serialization

During serialization, writeObject writes all fields to the output stream, including extensions.

During deserialization, readResolve adds extensions as described in ERROR(Special Cases/##special_cases_constructor Special Cases), only for the two cases th_TH_TH and ja_JP_JP.

Legacy language codes

Locale's constructor has always converted three language codes to their earlier, obsoleted forms: he maps to iw, yi maps to ji, and id maps to in. For apps targeting and running on Android V and later, this is no longer the case. Each language maps to its new form; iw maps to he, ji maps to yi, and in maps to id.

The APIs added in 1.7 map between the old and new language codes, maintaining the mapped codes internal to Locale (so that getLanguage and toString reflect the mapped code, which depends on the java.locale.useOldISOCodes system property), but using the new codes in the BCP 47 language tag APIs (so that toLanguageTag reflects the new one). This preserves the equivalence between Locales no matter which code or API is used to construct them. Java's default resource bundle lookup mechanism also implements this mapping, so that resources can be named using either convention, see ResourceBundle.Control.

Three-letter language/country(region) codes

The Locale constructors have always specified that the language and the country param be two characters in length, although in practice they have accepted any length. The specification has now been relaxed to allow language codes of two to eight characters and country (region) codes of two to three characters, and in particular, three-letter language codes and three-digit region codes as specified in the IANA Language Subtag Registry. For compatibility, the implementation still does not impose a length constraint.

Locale data

Note that locale data comes solely from ICU. User-supplied locale service providers (using the java.text.spi or java.util.spi mechanisms) are not supported.

Here are the versions of ICU (and the corresponding CLDR and Unicode versions) used in various Android releases:

Android 1.5 (Cupcake)/Android 1.6 (Donut)/Android 2.0 (Eclair) ICU 3.8 CLDR 1.5 Unicode 5.0
Android 2.2 (Froyo) ICU 4.2 CLDR 1.7 Unicode 5.1
Android 2.3 (Gingerbread)/Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) ICU 4.4 CLDR 1.8 Unicode 5.2
Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) ICU 4.6 CLDR 1.9 Unicode 6.0
Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean) ICU 4.8 CLDR 2.0 Unicode 6.0
Android 4.3 (Jelly Bean MR2) ICU 50 CLDR 22.1 Unicode 6.2
Android 4.4 (KitKat) ICU 51 CLDR 23 Unicode 6.2
Android 5.0 (Lollipop) ICU 53 CLDR 25 Unicode 6.3
Android 6.0 (Marshmallow) ICU 55.1 CLDR 27.0.1 Unicode 7.0
Android 7.0 (Nougat) ICU 56.1 CLDR 28 Unicode 8.0
Android 8.0 (Oreo) ICU 58.2 CLDR 30.0.3 Unicode 9.0
Android 9.0 (Pie) ICU 60.2 CLDR 32.0.1 Unicode 10.0
Android 10.0 (Q) ICU 63.2 CLDR 34 Unicode 11.0

Be wary of the default locale

Note that there are many convenience methods that automatically use the default locale, but using them may lead to subtle bugs.

The default locale is appropriate for tasks that involve presenting data to the user. In this case, you want to use the user's date/time formats, number formats, rules for conversion to lowercase, and so on. In this case, it's safe to use the convenience methods.

The default locale is not appropriate for machine-readable output. The best choice there is usually Locale.US – this locale is guaranteed to be available on all devices, and the fact that it has no surprising special cases and is frequently used (especially for computer-computer communication) means that it tends to be the most efficient choice too.

A common mistake is to implicitly use the default locale when producing output meant to be machine-readable. This tends to work on the developer's test devices (especially because so many developers use en_US), but fails when run on a device whose user is in a more complex locale.

For example, if you're formatting integers some locales will use non-ASCII decimal digits. As another example, if you're formatting floating-point numbers some locales will use ',' as the decimal point and '.' for digit grouping. That's correct for human-readable output, but likely to cause problems if presented to another computer (Double.parseDouble can't parse such a number, for example). You should also be wary of the String.toLowerCase and String.toUpperCase overloads that don't take a Locale: in Turkey, for example, the characters 'i' and 'I' won't be converted to 'I' and 'i'. This is the correct behavior for Turkish text (such as user input), but inappropriate for, say, HTTP headers.

Summary

Nested classes

class Locale.Builder

Builder is used to build instances of Locale from values configured by the setters. 

class Locale.LanguageRange

This class expresses a Language Range defined in RFC 4647 Matching of Language Tags. 

Constants

char PRIVATE_USE_EXTENSION

The key for the private use extension ('x').

char UNICODE_LOCALE_EXTENSION

The key for Unicode locale extension ('u').

Fields

public static final Locale CANADA

Useful constant for country.

public static final Locale CANADA_FRENCH

Useful constant for country.

public static final Locale CHINA

Useful constant for country.

public static final Locale CHINESE

Useful constant for language.

public static final Locale ENGLISH

Useful constant for language.

public static final Locale FRANCE

Useful constant for country.

public static final Locale FRENCH

Useful constant for language.

public static final Locale GERMAN

Useful constant for language.

public static final Locale GERMANY

Useful constant for country.

public static final Locale ITALIAN

Useful constant for language.

public static final Locale ITALY

Useful constant for country.

public static final Locale JAPAN

Useful constant for country.

public static final Locale JAPANESE

Useful constant for language.

public static final Locale KOREA

Useful constant for country.

public static final Locale KOREAN

Useful constant for language.

public static final Locale PRC

Useful constant for country.

public static final Locale ROOT

Useful constant for the root locale.

public static final Locale SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE

Useful constant for language.

public static final Locale TAIWAN

Useful constant for country.

public static final Locale TRADITIONAL_CHINESE

Useful constant for language.

public static final Locale UK

Useful constant for country.

public static final Locale US

Useful constant for country.

Public constructors

Locale(String language)

This constructor is deprecated. Locale constructors have been deprecated. See ERROR(Obtaining a Locale/##ObtainingLocale Obtaining a Locale) for other options.

Locale(String language, String country)

This constructor is deprecated. Locale constructors have been deprecated. See ERROR(Obtaining a Locale/##ObtainingLocale Obtaining a Locale) for other options.

Locale(String language, String country, String variant)

This constructor is deprecated. Locale constructors have been deprecated. See ERROR(Obtaining a Locale/##ObtainingLocale Obtaining a Locale) for other options.

Public methods

static Stream<Locale> availableLocales()

At a minimum, the returned stream must contain a Locale instance equal to Locale.US.

Object clone()

Overrides Cloneable.

boolean equals(Object obj)

Returns true if this Locale is equal to another object.

static List<Locale> filter(List<Locale.LanguageRange> priorityList, Collection<Locale> locales)

Returns a list of matching Locale instances using the filtering mechanism defined in RFC 4647.

static List<Locale> filter(List<Locale.LanguageRange> priorityList, Collection<Locale> locales, Locale.FilteringMode mode)

Returns a list of matching Locale instances using the filtering mechanism defined in RFC 4647.

static List<String> filterTags(List<Locale.LanguageRange> priorityList, Collection<String> tags, Locale.FilteringMode mode)

Returns a list of matching languages tags using the basic filtering mechanism defined in RFC 4647.

static List<String> filterTags(List<Locale.LanguageRange> priorityList, Collection<String> tags)

Returns a list of matching languages tags using the basic filtering mechanism defined in RFC 4647.

static Locale forLanguageTag(String languageTag)

Returns a locale for the specified IETF BCP 47 language tag string.

static Locale[] getAvailableLocales()

Returns an array of all installed locales.

String getCountry()

Returns the country/region code for this locale, which should either be the empty string, an uppercase ISO 3166 2-letter code, or a UN M.49 3-digit code.

static Locale getDefault(Locale.Category category)

Gets the current value of the default locale for the specified Category for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine.

static Locale getDefault()

Gets the current value of the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine.

String getDisplayCountry(Locale locale)

Returns the name of this locale's country, localized to locale.

String getDisplayCountry()

Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the user.

String getDisplayLanguage(Locale locale)

Returns the name of this locale's language, localized to locale.

String getDisplayLanguage()

Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the user.

String getDisplayName()

Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the user.

String getDisplayName(Locale locale)

Returns this locale's language name, country name, and variant, localized to locale.

String getDisplayScript()

Returns a name for the locale's script that is appropriate for display to the user.

String getDisplayScript(Locale inLocale)

Returns a name for the locale's script that is appropriate for display to the user.

String getDisplayVariant(Locale inLocale)

Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the user.

String getDisplayVariant()

Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the user.

String getExtension(char key)

Returns the extension (or private use) value associated with the specified key, or null if there is no extension associated with the key.

Set<Character> getExtensionKeys()

Returns the set of extension keys associated with this locale, or the empty set if it has no extensions.

String getISO3Country()

If the country matches an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code, the corresponding ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 uppercase code is returned.

String getISO3Language()

If the language matches an ISO 639-1 two-letter code, the corresponding ISO 639-2/T three-letter lowercase code is returned.

static String[] getISOCountries()

Returns a list of all 2-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166.

static Set<String> getISOCountries(Locale.IsoCountryCode type)

static String[] getISOLanguages()

Returns a list of all 2-letter language codes and some of 3-letter codes defined in ISO 639.

String getLanguage()

Returns the language code of this Locale.

String getScript()

Returns the script for this locale, which should either be the empty string or an ISO 15924 4-letter script code.

Set<String> getUnicodeLocaleAttributes()

Returns the set of unicode locale attributes associated with this locale, or the empty set if it has no attributes.

Set<String> getUnicodeLocaleKeys()

Returns the set of Unicode locale keys defined by this locale, or the empty set if this locale has none.

String getUnicodeLocaleType(String key)

Returns the Unicode locale type associated with the specified Unicode locale key for this locale.

String getVariant()

Returns the variant code for this locale.

boolean hasExtensions()

Returns true if this Locale has any ERROR(extensions/##def_extensions extensions).

int hashCode()

Override hashCode.

static Locale lookup(List<Locale.LanguageRange> priorityList, Collection<Locale> locales)

Returns a Locale instance for the best-matching language tag using the lookup mechanism defined in RFC 4647.

static String lookupTag(List<Locale.LanguageRange> priorityList, Collection<String> tags)

Returns the best-matching language tag using the lookup mechanism defined in RFC 4647.

static Locale of(String language, String country, String variant)

Obtains a locale from language, country and variant.

static Locale of(String language, String country)

Obtains a locale from language and country.

static Locale of(String language)

Obtains a locale from a language code.

static void setDefault(Locale newLocale)

Sets the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine.

static void setDefault(Locale.Category category, Locale newLocale)

Sets the default locale for the specified Category for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine.

Locale stripExtensions()

Returns a copy of this Locale with no ERROR(extensions/##def_extensions extensions).

String toLanguageTag()

Returns a well-formed IETF BCP 47 language tag representing this locale.

String toString()

Returns a string representation of this Locale object, consisting of language, country, variant, script, and extensions as below:

language + "_" + country + "_" + (variant + "_#" | "#") + script + "_" + extensions
Language is always lower case, country is always upper case, script is always title case, and extensions are always lower case.

Inherited methods

Constants

PRIVATE_USE_EXTENSION

Added in API level 21 
public static final char PRIVATE_USE_EXTENSION

The key for the private use extension ('x').

Constant Value: 120 (0x00000078)

UNICODE_LOCALE_EXTENSION

Added in API level 21 
public static final char UNICODE_LOCALE_EXTENSION

The key for Unicode locale extension ('u').

Constant Value: 117 (0x00000075)

Fields

CANADA

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale CANADA

Useful constant for country.

CANADA_FRENCH

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale CANADA_FRENCH

Useful constant for country.

CHINA

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale CHINA

Useful constant for country.

CHINESE

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale CHINESE

Useful constant for language.

ENGLISH

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale ENGLISH

Useful constant for language.

FRANCE

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale FRANCE

Useful constant for country.

FRENCH

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale FRENCH

Useful constant for language.

GERMAN

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale GERMAN

Useful constant for language.

GERMANY

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale GERMANY

Useful constant for country.

ITALIAN

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale ITALIAN

Useful constant for language.

ITALY

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale ITALY

Useful constant for country.

JAPAN

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale JAPAN

Useful constant for country.

JAPANESE

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale JAPANESE

Useful constant for language.

KOREA

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale KOREA

Useful constant for country.

KOREAN

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale KOREAN

Useful constant for language.

PRC

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale PRC

Useful constant for country.

ROOT

Added in API level 9 
public static final Locale ROOT

Useful constant for the root locale. The root locale is the locale whose language, country, and variant are empty ("") strings. This is regarded as the base locale of all locales, and is used as the language/country neutral locale for the locale sensitive operations.

SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE

Useful constant for language.

TAIWAN

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale TAIWAN

Useful constant for country.

TRADITIONAL_CHINESE

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale TRADITIONAL_CHINESE

Useful constant for language.

UK

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale UK

Useful constant for country.

US

Added in API level 1 
public static final Locale US

Useful constant for country.

Public constructors

Locale

Added in API level 1 
public Locale (String language)

This constructor is deprecated.
Locale constructors have been deprecated. See ERROR(Obtaining a Locale/##ObtainingLocale Obtaining a Locale) for other options.

Construct a locale from a language code. This constructor normalizes the language value to lowercase.

Implementation Note:
Parameters
language String: An ISO 639 alpha-2 or alpha-3 language code, or a language subtag up to 8 characters in length. See the Locale class description about valid language values.
Throws
NullPointerException thrown if argument is null.

Locale

Added in API level 1 
public Locale (String language, 
                String country)

This constructor is deprecated.
Locale constructors have been deprecated. See ERROR(Obtaining a Locale/##ObtainingLocale Obtaining a Locale) for other options.

Construct a locale from language and country. This constructor normalizes the language value to lowercase and the country value to uppercase.

Implementation Note:
Parameters
language String: An ISO 639 alpha-2 or alpha-3 language code, or a language subtag up to 8 characters in length. See the Locale class description about valid language values.
country String: An ISO 3166 alpha-2 country code or a UN M.49 numeric-3 area code. See the Locale class description about valid country values.
Throws
NullPointerException thrown if either argument is null.

Locale

Added in API level 1 
public Locale (String language, 
                String country, 
                String variant)

This constructor is deprecated.
Locale constructors have been deprecated. See ERROR(Obtaining a Locale/##ObtainingLocale Obtaining a Locale) for other options.

Construct a locale from language, country and variant. This constructor normalizes the language value to lowercase and the country value to uppercase.

Implementation Note:
Parameters
language String: An ISO 639 alpha-2 or alpha-3 language code, or a language subtag up to 8 characters in length. See the Locale class description about valid language values.
country String: An ISO 3166 alpha-2 country code or a UN M.49 numeric-3 area code. See the Locale class description about valid country values.
variant String: Any arbitrary value used to indicate a variation of a Locale. See the Locale class description for the details.
Throws
NullPointerException thrown if any argument is null.

Public methods

availableLocales

Added in API level 36 
public static Stream<Locale> availableLocales ()

At a minimum, the returned stream must contain a Locale instance equal to Locale.US.

Implementation Note:
  • Unlike getAvailableLocales(), this method does not create a defensive copy of the Locale array.
Returns
Stream<Locale> a stream of installed locales

clone

Added in API level 1 
public Object clone ()

Overrides Cloneable.

Returns
Object a clone of this instance.

equals

Added in API level 1 
public boolean equals (Object obj)

Returns true if this Locale is equal to another object. A Locale is deemed equal to another Locale with identical language, script, country, variant and extensions, and unequal to all other objects.

Parameters
obj Object: the reference object with which to compare.
Returns
boolean true if this Locale is equal to the specified object.

filter

Added in API level 26 
public static List<Locale> filter (List<Locale.LanguageRange> priorityList, 
                Collection<Locale> locales)

Returns a list of matching Locale instances using the filtering mechanism defined in RFC 4647. This is equivalent to filter(java.util.List, java.util.Collection, java.util.Locale.FilteringMode) when mode is FilteringMode.AUTOSELECT_FILTERING. This filter operation on the given locales ensures that only unique matching locale(s) are returned.

Parameters
priorityList List: user's Language Priority List in which each language tag is sorted in descending order based on priority or weight
locales Collection: Locale instances used for matching
Returns
List<Locale> a list of Locale instances for matching language tags sorted in descending order based on priority or weight, or an empty list if nothing matches. The list is modifiable.
Throws
NullPointerException if priorityList or locales is null

filter

Added in API level 26 
public static List<Locale> filter (List<Locale.LanguageRange> priorityList, 
                Collection<Locale> locales, 
                Locale.FilteringMode mode)

Returns a list of matching Locale instances using the filtering mechanism defined in RFC 4647. This filter operation on the given locales ensures that only unique matching locale(s) are returned.

Parameters
priorityList List: user's Language Priority List in which each language tag is sorted in descending order based on priority or weight
locales Collection: Locale instances used for matching
mode Locale.FilteringMode: filtering mode
Returns
List<Locale> a list of Locale instances for matching language tags sorted in descending order based on priority or weight, or an empty list if nothing matches. The list is modifiable.
Throws
NullPointerException if priorityList or locales is null
IllegalArgumentException if one or more extended language ranges are included in the given list when FilteringMode.REJECT_EXTENDED_RANGES is specified

filterTags

Added in API level 26 
public static List<String> filterTags (List<Locale.LanguageRange> priorityList, 
                Collection<String> tags, 
                Locale.FilteringMode mode)

Returns a list of matching languages tags using the basic filtering mechanism defined in RFC 4647. This filter operation on the given tags ensures that only unique matching tag(s) are returned with preserved case. In case of duplicate matching tags with the case difference, the first matching tag with preserved case is returned. For example, "de-ch" is returned out of the duplicate matching tags "de-ch" and "de-CH", if "de-ch" is checked first for matching in the given tags. Note that if the given tags is an unordered Collection, the returned matching tag out of duplicate tags is subject to change, depending on the implementation of the Collection.

Parameters
priorityList List: user's Language Priority List in which each language tag is sorted in descending order based on priority or weight
tags Collection: language tags
mode Locale.FilteringMode: filtering mode
Returns
List<String> a list of matching language tags sorted in descending order based on priority or weight, or an empty list if nothing matches. The list is modifiable.
Throws
NullPointerException if priorityList or tags is null
IllegalArgumentException if one or more extended language ranges are included in the given list when FilteringMode.REJECT_EXTENDED_RANGES is specified

filterTags

Added in API level 26 
public static List<String> filterTags (List<Locale.LanguageRange> priorityList, 
                Collection<String> tags)

Returns a list of matching languages tags using the basic filtering mechanism defined in RFC 4647. This is equivalent to filterTags(java.util.List, java.util.Collection, java.util.Locale.FilteringMode) when mode is FilteringMode.AUTOSELECT_FILTERING. This filter operation on the given tags ensures that only unique matching tag(s) are returned with preserved case. In case of duplicate matching tags with the case difference, the first matching tag with preserved case is returned. For example, "de-ch" is returned out of the duplicate matching tags "de-ch" and "de-CH", if "de-ch" is checked first for matching in the given tags. Note that if the given tags is an unordered Collection, the returned matching tag out of duplicate tags is subject to change, depending on the implementation of the Collection.

Parameters
priorityList List: user's Language Priority List in which each language tag is sorted in descending order based on priority or weight
tags Collection: language tags
Returns
List<String> a list of matching language tags sorted in descending order based on priority or weight, or an empty list if nothing matches. The list is modifiable.
Throws
NullPointerException if priorityList or tags is null

forLanguageTag

Added in API level 21 
public static Locale forLanguageTag (String languageTag)

Returns a locale for the specified IETF BCP 47 language tag string.

If the specified language tag contains any ill-formed subtags, the first such subtag and all following subtags are ignored. Compare to Locale.Builder.setLanguageTag which throws an exception in this case.

The following conversions are performed:

  • The language code "und" is mapped to language "".
  • The language codes "iw", "ji", and "in" are mapped to "he", "yi", and "id" respectively. (This is the same canonicalization that's done in Locale's constructors.) See ERROR(Legacy language codes/##legacy_language_codes Legacy language codes) for more information.
  • The portion of a private use subtag prefixed by "lvariant", if any, is removed and appended to the variant field in the result locale (without case normalization). If it is then empty, the private use subtag is discarded: lang=java : Locale loc; loc = Locale.forLanguageTag("en-US-x-lvariant-POSIX"); loc.getVariant(); // returns "POSIX" loc.getExtension('x'); // returns null loc = Locale.forLanguageTag("de-POSIX-x-URP-lvariant-Abc-Def"); loc.getVariant(); // returns "POSIX_Abc_Def" loc.getExtension('x'); // returns "urp"
  • When the languageTag argument contains an extlang subtag, the first such subtag is used as the language, and the primary language subtag and other extlang subtags are ignored: lang=java : Locale.forLanguageTag("ar-aao").getLanguage(); // returns "aao" Locale.forLanguageTag("en-abc-def-us").toString(); // returns "abc_US"
  • Case is normalized except for variant tags, which are left unchanged. Language is normalized to lower case, script to title case, country to upper case, and extensions to lower case.
  • If, after processing, the locale would exactly match either ja_JP_JP or th_TH_TH with no extensions, the appropriate extensions are added as though the constructor had been called: lang=java : Locale.forLanguageTag("ja-JP-x-lvariant-JP").toLanguageTag(); // returns "ja-JP-u-ca-japanese-x-lvariant-JP" Locale.forLanguageTag("th-TH-x-lvariant-TH").toLanguageTag(); // returns "th-TH-u-nu-thai-x-lvariant-TH"

This implements the 'Language-Tag' production of BCP47, and so supports legacy (regular and irregular, referred to as "Type: grandfathered" in BCP47) as well as private use language tags. Stand alone private use tags are represented as empty language and extension 'x-whatever', and legacy tags are converted to their canonical replacements where they exist.

Legacy tags with canonical replacements are as follows:

Legacy tags with canonical replacements
legacy tagmodern replacement
art-lojbanjbo
i-amiami
i-bnnbnn
i-hakhak
i-klingontlh
i-luxlb
i-navajonv
i-pwnpwn
i-taotao
i-taytay
i-tsutsu
no-boknb
no-nynnn
sgn-BE-FRsfb
sgn-BE-NLvgt
sgn-CH-DEsgg
zh-guoyucmn
zh-hakkahak
zh-min-nannan
zh-xianghsn

Legacy tags with no modern replacement will be converted as follows:

Legacy tags with no modern replacement
legacy tagconverts to
cel-gaulishxtg-x-cel-gaulish
en-GB-oeden-GB-x-oed
i-defaulten-x-i-default
i-enochianund-x-i-enochian
i-mingosee-x-i-mingo
zh-minnan-x-zh-min

For a list of all legacy tags, see the IANA Language Subtag Registry (search for "Type: grandfathered").

Note: there is no guarantee that toLanguageTag and forLanguageTag will round-trip.

Parameters
languageTag String: the language tag
Returns
Locale The locale that best represents the language tag.
Throws
NullPointerException if languageTag is null

getAvailableLocales

Added in API level 1 
public static Locale[] getAvailableLocales ()

Returns an array of all installed locales.

Returns
Locale[] An array of installed locales. At a minimum, the returned array must contain a Locale instance equal to Locale.US.

getCountry

Added in API level 1 
public String getCountry ()

Returns the country/region code for this locale, which should either be the empty string, an uppercase ISO 3166 2-letter code, or a UN M.49 3-digit code.

Returns
String The country/region code, or the empty string if none is defined.

getDefault

Added in API level 24 
public static Locale getDefault (Locale.Category category)

Gets the current value of the default locale for the specified Category for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine.

The Java Virtual Machine sets the default locale during startup based on the host environment. It is used by many locale-sensitive methods if no locale is explicitly specified. It can be changed using the setDefault(Locale.Category, Locale) method.

Parameters
category Locale.Category: the specified category to get the default locale
Returns
Locale the default locale for the specified Category for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine
Throws
NullPointerException if category is null

getDefault

Added in API level 1 
public static Locale getDefault ()

Gets the current value of the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine.

The Java Virtual Machine sets the default locale during startup based on the host environment. It is used by many locale-sensitive methods if no locale is explicitly specified. It can be changed using the setDefault method.

Returns
Locale the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine

getDisplayCountry

Added in API level 1 
public String getDisplayCountry (Locale locale)

Returns the name of this locale's country, localized to locale. Returns the empty string if this locale does not correspond to a specific country.

Parameters
locale Locale

Returns
String

getDisplayCountry

Added in API level 1 
public String getDisplayCountry ()

Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name returned will be localized for the default DISPLAY locale. For example, if the locale is fr_FR and the default DISPLAY locale is en_US, getDisplayCountry() will return "France"; if the locale is en_US and the default DISPLAY locale is fr_FR, getDisplayCountry() will return "Etats-Unis". If the name returned cannot be localized for the default DISPLAY locale, (say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatia), this function falls back on the English name, and uses the ISO code as a last-resort value. If the locale doesn't specify a country, this function returns the empty string.

Returns
String The name of the country appropriate to the locale.

getDisplayLanguage

Added in API level 1 
public String getDisplayLanguage (Locale locale)

Returns the name of this locale's language, localized to locale. If the language name is unknown, the language code is returned.

Parameters
locale Locale

Returns
String

getDisplayLanguage

Added in API level 1 
public String getDisplayLanguage ()

Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name returned will be localized for the default DISPLAY locale. For example, if the locale is fr_FR and the default DISPLAY locale is en_US, getDisplayLanguage() will return "French"; if the locale is en_US and the default DISPLAY locale is fr_FR, getDisplayLanguage() will return "anglais". If the name returned cannot be localized for the default DISPLAY locale, (say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatian), this function falls back on the English name, and uses the ISO code as a last-resort value. If the locale doesn't specify a language, this function returns the empty string.

Returns
String The name of the display language.

getDisplayName

Added in API level 1 
public String getDisplayName ()

Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the user. This will be the values returned by getDisplayLanguage(), getDisplayScript(), getDisplayCountry(), getDisplayVariant() and optional ERROR(Unicode extensions/##def_locale_extension Unicode extensions) assembled into a single string. The non-empty values are used in order, with the second and subsequent names in parentheses. For example:

language (script, country, variant(, extension)*)
language (country(, extension)*)
language (variant(, extension)*)
script (country(, extension)*)
country (extension)*
depending on which fields are specified in the locale. The field separator in the above parentheses, denoted as a comma character, may be localized depending on the locale. If the language, script, country, and variant fields are all empty, this function returns the empty string.

Returns
String The name of the locale appropriate to display.

getDisplayName

Added in API level 1 
public String getDisplayName (Locale locale)

Returns this locale's language name, country name, and variant, localized to locale. The exact output form depends on whether this locale corresponds to a specific language, script, country and variant.

For example:

  • new Locale("en").getDisplayName(Locale.US) -> English
  • new Locale("en", "US").getDisplayName(Locale.US) -> English (United States)
  • new Locale("en", "US", "POSIX").getDisplayName(Locale.US) -> English (United States,Computer)
  • Locale.forLanguageTag("zh-Hant-CN").getDisplayName(Locale.US) -> Chinese (Traditional Han,China)
  • new Locale("en").getDisplayName(Locale.FRANCE) -> anglais
  • new Locale("en", "US").getDisplayName(Locale.FRANCE) -> anglais (États-Unis)
  • new Locale("en", "US", "POSIX").getDisplayName(Locale.FRANCE) -> anglais (États-Unis,informatique).

Parameters
locale Locale

Returns
String

getDisplayScript

Added in API level 21 
public String getDisplayScript ()

Returns a name for the locale's script that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name will be localized for the default DISPLAY locale. Returns the empty string if this locale doesn't specify a script code.

Returns
String the display name of the script code for the current default DISPLAY locale

getDisplayScript

Added in API level 21 
public String getDisplayScript (Locale inLocale)

Returns a name for the locale's script that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name will be localized for the given locale. Returns the empty string if this locale doesn't specify a script code.

Parameters
inLocale Locale: The locale for which to retrieve the display script.
Returns
String the display name of the script code for the current default DISPLAY locale
Throws
NullPointerException if inLocale is null

getDisplayVariant

Added in API level 1 
public String getDisplayVariant (Locale inLocale)

Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name will be localized for inLocale. If the locale doesn't specify a variant code, this function returns the empty string.

Parameters
inLocale Locale: The locale for which to retrieve the display variant code.
Returns
String The name of the display variant code appropriate to the given locale.
Throws
NullPointerException if inLocale is null

getDisplayVariant

Added in API level 1 
public String getDisplayVariant ()

Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name will be localized for the default DISPLAY locale. If the locale doesn't specify a variant code, this function returns the empty string.

Returns
String The name of the display variant code appropriate to the locale.

getExtension

Added in API level 21 
public String getExtension (char key)

Returns the extension (or private use) value associated with the specified key, or null if there is no extension associated with the key. To be well-formed, the key must be one of [0-9A-Za-z]. Keys are case-insensitive, so for example 'z' and 'Z' represent the same extension.

Parameters
key char: the extension key
Returns
String The extension, or null if this locale defines no extension for the specified key.
Throws
IllegalArgumentException if key is not well-formed

getExtensionKeys

Added in API level 21 
public Set<Character> getExtensionKeys ()

Returns the set of extension keys associated with this locale, or the empty set if it has no extensions. The returned set is unmodifiable. The keys will all be lower-case.

Returns
Set<Character> The set of extension keys, or the empty set if this locale has no extensions.

getISO3Country

Added in API level 1 
public String getISO3Country ()

If the country matches an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code, the corresponding ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 uppercase code is returned. If the locale doesn't specify a country, this will be the empty string.

The ISO 3166-1 codes can be found on-line.

Returns
String a three-letter abbreviation of this locale's country
Throws
MissingResourceException Throws MissingResourceException if the three-letter country abbreviation is not available for this locale.

getISO3Language

Added in API level 1 
public String getISO3Language ()

If the language matches an ISO 639-1 two-letter code, the corresponding ISO 639-2/T three-letter lowercase code is returned. The ISO 639-2 language codes can be found on-line, see "Codes for the Representation of Names of Languages Part 2: Alpha-3 Code". If the locale specifies a three-letter language, the language is returned as is. If the locale does not specify a language the empty string is returned.

Returns
String a three-letter abbreviation of this locale's language
Throws
MissingResourceException Throws MissingResourceException if three-letter language abbreviation is not available for this locale.

getISOCountries

Added in API level 1 
public static String[] getISOCountries ()

Returns a list of all 2-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166. Can be used to obtain Locales. This method is equivalent to getISOCountries(java.util.Locale.IsoCountryCode) with type IsoCountryCode.PART1_ALPHA2.

Note: The Locale class also supports other codes for country (region), such as 3-letter numeric UN M.49 area codes. Therefore, the list returned by this method does not contain ALL valid codes that can be used to obtain Locales.

Note that this method does not return obsolete 2-letter country codes. ISO3166-3 codes which designate country codes for those obsolete codes, can be retrieved from getISOCountries(java.util.Locale.IsoCountryCode) with type IsoCountryCode.PART3.

Returns
String[] An array of ISO 3166 two-letter country codes.

getISOCountries

Added in API level 34 
public static Set<String> getISOCountries (Locale.IsoCountryCode type)

Parameters
type Locale.IsoCountryCode: Locale.IsoCountryCode specified ISO code type.
Returns
Set<String> a Set of ISO3166 country codes for the specified type
Throws
NullPointerException if type is null

getISOLanguages

Added in API level 1 
public static String[] getISOLanguages ()

Returns a list of all 2-letter language codes and some of 3-letter codes defined in ISO 639. Can be used to obtain Locales.

Note:

  • ISO 639 is not a stable standard— some languages' codes have changed. The list this function returns includes both the new and the old codes for the languages whose codes have changed.
  • The Locale class also supports language codes up to 8 characters in length. Therefore, the list returned by this method does not contain ALL valid codes that can be used to obtain Locales.

Returns
String[] An array of ISO 639 language codes.

getLanguage

Added in API level 1 
public String getLanguage ()

Returns the language code of this Locale.

Implementation Note:
Returns
String The language code, or the empty string if none is defined.

getScript

Added in API level 21 
public String getScript ()

Returns the script for this locale, which should either be the empty string or an ISO 15924 4-letter script code. The first letter is uppercase and the rest are lowercase, for example, 'Latn', 'Cyrl'.

Returns
String The script code, or the empty string if none is defined.

See also:

getUnicodeLocaleAttributes

Added in API level 21 
public Set<String> getUnicodeLocaleAttributes ()

Returns the set of unicode locale attributes associated with this locale, or the empty set if it has no attributes. The returned set is unmodifiable.

Returns
Set<String> The set of attributes.

getUnicodeLocaleKeys

Added in API level 21 
public Set<String> getUnicodeLocaleKeys ()

Returns the set of Unicode locale keys defined by this locale, or the empty set if this locale has none. The returned set is immutable. Keys are all lower case.

Returns
Set<String> The set of Unicode locale keys, or the empty set if this locale has no Unicode locale keywords.

getUnicodeLocaleType

Added in API level 21 
public String getUnicodeLocaleType (String key)

Returns the Unicode locale type associated with the specified Unicode locale key for this locale. Returns the empty string for keys that are defined with no type. Returns null if the key is not defined. Keys are case-insensitive. The key must be two alphanumeric characters ([0-9a-zA-Z]), or an IllegalArgumentException is thrown.

Parameters
key String: the Unicode locale key
Returns
String The Unicode locale type associated with the key, or null if the locale does not define the key.
Throws
IllegalArgumentException if the key is not well-formed
NullPointerException if key is null

getVariant

Added in API level 1 
public String getVariant ()

Returns the variant code for this locale.

Returns
String The variant code, or the empty string if none is defined.

hasExtensions

Added in API level 26 
public boolean hasExtensions ()

Returns true if this Locale has any ERROR(extensions/##def_extensions extensions).

Returns
boolean true if this Locale has any extensions

hashCode

Added in API level 1 
public int hashCode ()

Override hashCode. Since Locales are often used in hashtables, caches the value for speed.

Returns
int a hash code value for this object.

lookup

Added in API level 26 
public static Locale lookup (List<Locale.LanguageRange> priorityList, 
                Collection<Locale> locales)

Returns a Locale instance for the best-matching language tag using the lookup mechanism defined in RFC 4647.

Parameters
priorityList List: user's Language Priority List in which each language tag is sorted in descending order based on priority or weight
locales Collection: Locale instances used for matching
Returns
Locale the best matching Locale instance chosen based on priority or weight, or null if nothing matches.
Throws
NullPointerException if priorityList or locales is null

lookupTag

Added in API level 26 
public static String lookupTag (List<Locale.LanguageRange> priorityList, 
                Collection<String> tags)

Returns the best-matching language tag using the lookup mechanism defined in RFC 4647. This lookup operation on the given tags ensures that the first matching tag with preserved case is returned.

Parameters
priorityList List: user's Language Priority List in which each language tag is sorted in descending order based on priority or weight
tags Collection: language tags used for matching
Returns
String the best matching language tag chosen based on priority or weight, or null if nothing matches.
Throws
NullPointerException if priorityList or tags is null

of

Added in API level 36 
public static Locale of (String language, 
                String country, 
                String variant)

Obtains a locale from language, country and variant. This method normalizes the language value to lowercase and the country value to uppercase.

Implementation Note:
Parameters
language String: A language code. See the Locale class description of ERROR(language/##def_language language) values.
country String: A country code. See the Locale class description of ERROR(country/##def_region country) values.
variant String: Any arbitrary value used to indicate a variation of a Locale. See the Locale class description of ERROR(variant/##def_variant variant) values.
Returns
Locale A Locale object
Throws
NullPointerException thrown if any argument is null.

of

Added in API level 36 
public static Locale of (String language, 
                String country)

Obtains a locale from language and country. This method normalizes the language value to lowercase and the country value to uppercase.

Implementation Note:
Parameters
language String: A language code. See the Locale class description of ERROR(language/##def_language language) values.
country String: A country code. See the Locale class description of ERROR(country/##def_region country) values.
Returns
Locale A Locale object
Throws
NullPointerException thrown if either argument is null.

of

Added in API level 36 
public static Locale of (String language)

Obtains a locale from a language code. This method normalizes the language value to lowercase.

Implementation Note:
Parameters
language String: A language code. See the Locale class description of ERROR(language/##def_language language) values.
Returns
Locale A Locale object
Throws
NullPointerException thrown if argument is null.

setDefault

Added in API level 1 
public static void setDefault (Locale newLocale)

Sets the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine. This does not affect the host locale.

If there is a security manager, its checkPermission method is called with a PropertyPermission("user.language", "write") permission before the default locale is changed.

The Java Virtual Machine sets the default locale during startup based on the host environment. It is used by many locale-sensitive methods if no locale is explicitly specified.

Since changing the default locale may affect many different areas of functionality, this method should only be used if the caller is prepared to reinitialize locale-sensitive code running within the same Java Virtual Machine.

By setting the default locale with this method, all of the default locales for each Category are also set to the specified default locale.

Parameters
newLocale Locale: the new default locale
Throws
SecurityException if a security manager exists and its checkPermission method doesn't allow the operation.
NullPointerException if newLocale is null

setDefault

Added in API level 24 
public static void setDefault (Locale.Category category, 
                Locale newLocale)

Sets the default locale for the specified Category for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine. This does not affect the host locale.

If there is a security manager, its checkPermission method is called with a PropertyPermission("user.language", "write") permission before the default locale is changed.

The Java Virtual Machine sets the default locale during startup based on the host environment. It is used by many locale-sensitive methods if no locale is explicitly specified.

Since changing the default locale may affect many different areas of functionality, this method should only be used if the caller is prepared to reinitialize locale-sensitive code running within the same Java Virtual Machine.

Parameters
category Locale.Category: the specified category to set the default locale
newLocale Locale: the new default locale
Throws
SecurityException if a security manager exists and its checkPermission method doesn't allow the operation.
NullPointerException if category and/or newLocale is null

stripExtensions

Added in API level 26 
public Locale stripExtensions ()

Returns a copy of this Locale with no ERROR(extensions/##def_extensions extensions). If this Locale has no extensions, this Locale is returned.

Returns
Locale a copy of this Locale with no extensions, or this if this has no extensions

toLanguageTag

Added in API level 21 
public String toLanguageTag ()

Returns a well-formed IETF BCP 47 language tag representing this locale.

If this Locale has a language, country, or variant that does not satisfy the IETF BCP 47 language tag syntax requirements, this method handles these fields as described below:

Language: If language is empty, or not ERROR(well-formed/##def_language well-formed) (for example "a" or "e2"), it will be emitted as "und" (Undetermined).

Country: If country is not ERROR(well-formed/##def_region well-formed) (for example "12" or "USA"), it will be omitted.

Variant: If variant is ERROR(well-formed/##def_variant well-formed), each sub-segment (delimited by '-' or '_') is emitted as a subtag. Otherwise:

  • if all sub-segments match [0-9a-zA-Z]{1,8} (for example "WIN" or "Oracle_JDK_Standard_Edition"), the first ill-formed sub-segment and all following will be appended to the private use subtag. The first appended subtag will be "lvariant", followed by the sub-segments in order, separated by hyphen. For example, "x-lvariant-WIN", "Oracle-x-lvariant-JDK-Standard-Edition".
  • if any sub-segment does not match [0-9a-zA-Z]{1,8}, the variant will be truncated and the problematic sub-segment and all following sub-segments will be omitted. If the remainder is non-empty, it will be emitted as a private use subtag as above (even if the remainder turns out to be well-formed). For example, "Solaris_isjustthecoolestthing" is emitted as "x-lvariant-Solaris", not as "solaris".

Special Conversions: Java supports some old locale representations, including deprecated ISO language codes, for compatibility. This method performs the following conversions:

  • Deprecated ISO language codes "iw", "ji", and "in" are converted to "he", "yi", and "id", respectively.
  • A locale with language "no", country "NO", and variant "NY", representing Norwegian Nynorsk (Norway), is converted to a language tag "nn-NO".

Note: Although the language tag obtained by this method is well-formed (satisfies the syntax requirements defined by the IETF BCP 47 specification), it is not necessarily a valid BCP 47 language tag. For example, lang=java : Locale.forLanguageTag("xx-YY").toLanguageTag(); will return "xx-YY", but the language subtag "xx" and the region subtag "YY" are invalid because they are not registered in the IANA Language Subtag Registry.

Returns
String a BCP47 language tag representing the locale

toString

Added in API level 1 
public String toString ()

Returns a string representation of this Locale object, consisting of language, country, variant, script, and extensions as below:

language + "_" + country + "_" + (variant + "_#" | "#") + script + "_" + extensions
Language is always lower case, country is always upper case, script is always title case, and extensions are always lower case. Extensions and private use subtags will be in canonical order as explained in toLanguageTag().

When the locale has neither script nor extensions, the result is the same as in Java 6 and prior.

If both the language and country fields are missing, this function will return the empty string, even if the variant, script, or extensions field is present (you can't have a locale with just a variant, the variant must accompany a well-formed language or country code).

If script or extensions are present and variant is missing, no underscore is added before the "#".

This behavior is designed to support debugging and to be compatible with previous uses of toString that expected language, country, and variant fields only. To represent a Locale as a String for interchange purposes, use toLanguageTag().

Examples:

  • en
  • de_DE
  • _GB
  • en_US_WIN
  • de__POSIX
  • zh_CN_#Hans
  • zh_TW_#Hant_x-java
  • th_TH_TH_#u-nu-thai

Returns
String A string representation of the Locale, for debugging.