開始使用 WebGPU

// Example of requesting an adapter with "compatibility" mode enabled:
val adapter = instance.requestAdapter(
  GPURequestAdapterOptions(featureLevel = FeatureLevel.Compatibility))

class MainActivity : ComponentActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContent {
            WebGpuSurface()
        }
    }
}

@Composable
fun WebGpuSurface(modifier: Modifier = Modifier) {
    // Create and remember a WebGpuRenderer instance.
    val renderer = remember { WebGpuRenderer() }
    AndroidExternalSurface(
        modifier = modifier.fillMaxSize(),
    ) {
        // This block is called when the surface is created or resized.
        onSurface { surface, width, height ->
            // Run the rendering logic on a background thread.
            withContext(Dispatchers.Default) {
                try {
                    // Initialize the renderer with the surface
                    renderer.init(surface, width, height)
                    // Render a frame.
                    renderer.render() 
                } finally {
                    // Clean up resources when the surface is destroyed.
                    renderer.cleanup()
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

class WebGpuRenderer() {
    private lateinit var webGpu: WebGpu
    private lateinit var renderPipeline: GPURenderPipeline
}

// Inside WebGpuRenderer class
suspend fun init(surface: Surface, width: Int, height: Int) {
    // 1. Create Instance & Device
    webGpu = createWebGpu(surface)
    val device = webGpu.device

    // 2. Setup Pipeline (compile shaders)
    initPipeline(device)

    // 3. Configure the Surface
    webGpu.webgpuSurface.configure(
      GPUSurfaceConfiguration(
        device,
        width,
        height,
        TextureFormat.RGBA8Unorm,
      )
    )
  }

// Inside WebGpuRenderer class
private fun initPipeline(device: GPUDevice) {
    val shaderCode = """
        @vertex fn vs_main(@builtin(vertex_index) vertexIndex : u32) ->
        @builtin(position) vec4f {
            const pos = array(vec2f(0.0, 0.5), vec2f(-0.5, -0.5), vec2f(0.5, -0.5));
            return vec4f(pos[vertexIndex], 0, 1);
        }
        @fragment fn fs_main() -> @location(0) vec4f {
            return vec4f(1, 0, 0, 1);
        }
    """

    // Create Shader Module
    val shaderModule = device.createShaderModule(
      GPUShaderModuleDescriptor(shaderSourceWGSL = GPUShaderSourceWGSL(shaderCode))
    )

    // Create Render Pipeline
    renderPipeline = device.createRenderPipeline(
      GPURenderPipelineDescriptor(
        vertex = GPUVertexState(
          shaderModule,
        ), fragment = GPUFragmentState(
          shaderModule, targets = arrayOf(GPUColorTargetState(TextureFormat.RGBA8Unorm))
        ), primitive = GPUPrimitiveState(PrimitiveTopology.TriangleList)
      )
    )
  }

// Inside WebGpuRenderer class
fun render() {
    if (!::webGpu.isInitialized) {
      return
    }

    val gpu = webGpu

    // 1. Get the next available texture from the screen
    val surfaceTexture = gpu.webgpuSurface.getCurrentTexture()

    // 2. Create a command encoder
    val commandEncoder = gpu.device.createCommandEncoder()

    // 3. Begin a render pass (clearing the screen to blue)
    val renderPass = commandEncoder.beginRenderPass(
      GPURenderPassDescriptor(
        colorAttachments = arrayOf(
          GPURenderPassColorAttachment(
            GPUColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0),
            surfaceTexture.texture.createView(),
            loadOp = LoadOp.Clear,
            storeOp = StoreOp.Store,
          )
        )
      )
    )

    // 4. Draw
    renderPass.setPipeline(renderPipeline)
    renderPass.draw(3) // Draw 3 vertices
    renderPass.end()

    // 5. Submit and Present
    gpu.device.queue.submit(arrayOf(commandEncoder.finish()))
    gpu.webgpuSurface.present()
  }

// Inside WebGpuRenderer class
fun cleanup() {
    if (::webGpu.isInitialized) {
      webGpu.close()
    }
  }

app/src/main/
├── java/com/example/app/
│   ├── MainActivity.kt       // Entry point
│   ├── WebGpuSurface.kt      // Composable Surface
│   └── WebGpuRenderer.kt     // Pure WebGPU logic

device.pushErrorScope(ErrorFilter.Validation)
// ... potentially incorrect code ...
device.popErrorScope { status, type, message ->
    if (status == PopErrorScopeStatus.Success && type != ErrorType.NoError) {
        Log.e("WebGPU", "Validation Error: $message")
    } 
}