測試分頁實作

在應用程式中實作分頁程式庫時，應搭配完善的測試策略。建議您測試 PagingSource 和 RemoteMediator 等資料載入元件，確保元件運作正常。此外，您也應撰寫端對端測試，確認 Paging 實作中的所有元件都能正常運作，而不會產生意外的副作用。

本指南說明如何在應用程式的不同架構層測試 Paging 程式庫，以及如何為整個 Paging 實作撰寫端對端測試。

UI 層測試

透過 Paging 程式庫擷取的資料會做為 Flow<PagingData<Value>> 在 UI 中取用。如要撰寫測試，驗證 UI 中的資料是否符合預期，請納入 paging-testing 依附元件。這個依附元件包含 Flow<PagingData<Value>> 的 asSnapshot() 擴充功能，可讓您使用標準的 List<Value>，宣告包含預期元素的已分頁資料，如以下程式碼片段所示：

fun test_items_contain_one_to_ten() = runTest {
  // Get the Flow of PagingData from the ViewModel under test
  val items: Flow<PagingData<String>> = viewModel.items

  val itemsSnapshot: List<String> = items.asSnapshot(
    coroutineScope = this
  ) {
    // Each operation inside the lambda waits for the data to settle before continuing
    scrollTo(index = 50)

    // While you can’t view the items within the asSnapshot call,
    // you can continuously scroll in a direction while some condition is true
    // i.e., in this case until you hit the first header.
    appendScrollWhile {  item: String -> item != "Header 1" }
  }

  // With the asSnapshot complete, you can now verify that the snapshot
  // has the expected values
  assertEquals(
    expected = (0..50).map(Int::toString),
    actual = itemsSnapshot
  )
}

測試轉換作業

您也應該撰寫單元測試，涵蓋套用至 PagingData 串流的所有轉換作業。如何編寫這類測試：

• 在 Flow<List<Value>> 上使用 asPagingSourceFactory 擴充功能。
• 在 Repository 的假例項中，使用傳回的 PagingSourceFactory。
• 將該 Repository 傳遞至 ViewModel。

接著，您就可以依據上一節的說明測試 ViewModel。請考量以下 ViewModel：

class MyViewModel(
  myRepository: myRepository
) {
  val items = Pager(
    config: PagingConfig,
    initialKey = null,
    pagingSourceFactory = { myRepository.pagingSource() }
  )
  .flow
  .map { pagingData ->
    pagingData.insertSeparators<String, String> { before, _ ->
      when {
        // Add a dashed String separator if the prior item is a multiple of 10
        before.last() == '0' -> "---------"
        // Return null to avoid adding a separator between two items.
        else -> null
      }
  }
}

如要在 MyViewModel 中測試轉換作業，請針對為了代表所要轉換的資料而委派至 Flow 的 MyRepository 提供假例項，如以下程式碼片段所示：

class FakeMyRepository(
  testScope: CoroutineScope
): MyRepository {
    private val itemsFlow = flowOf((0..100).map(Any::toString))

    private val pagingSourceFactory = itemsFlow.asPagingSourceFactory(
      coroutineScope = testScope
    )

    val pagingSource = pagingSourceFactory()
}

接著，您就能為分隔符邏輯撰寫測試，如下列程式碼片段所示：

fun test_separators_are_added_every_10_items() = runTest {
  // Create your ViewModel
  val viewModel = MyViewModel(
    myRepository = FakeMyRepository()
  )
  // Get the Flow of PagingData from the ViewModel with the separator transformations applied
  val items: Flow<PagingData<String>> = viewModel.items

  val snapshot: List<String> = items.asSnapshot(coroutineScope = this) {}

  // With the asSnapshot complete, you can now verify that the snapshot
  // has the expected separators
}

資料層測試

請針對資料層的元件撰寫單元測試，確保這些元件能妥善從資料來源載入資料。您可以提供依附元件的模擬版本，獨立驗證受測元件是否能正常運作。需要測試的存放區層主要元件為 PagingSource 和 RemoteMediator。後續章節中的範例是以「搭配使用 Paging 與網路的範例」為基礎。

PagingSource 測試

PagingSource 類別的單元測試涉及設定 PagingSource 執行個體，並確認 load() 函式會根據 LoadParams 引數傳回正確的分頁資料。請將模擬資料提供給 PagingSource 建構函式，以便控管測試中的資料。您可以傳遞原始資料類型的預設值，但必須傳遞其他物件的模擬版本，例如資料庫或 API 實作項目。如此一來，當受測的 PagingSource 與模擬資料互動時，您就能完整控管模擬資料來源的輸出內容。

您需要傳遞的測試資料類型，取決於您的特定 PagingSource 實作建構函式參數。在以下範例中，PagingSource 實作需要 RedditApi 物件，以及子版 (subreddit) 名稱的 String。您可以傳遞 String 參數的預設值，但如果是 RedditApi 參數，則必須建立模擬測試。

class ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource(
  private val redditApi: RedditApi,
  private val subredditName: String
) : PagingSource<String, RedditPost>() {
  ...
}

public class ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource
  extends RxPagingSource<String, RedditPost> {

  @NonNull
  private RedditApi redditApi;
  @NonNull
  private String subredditName;

  ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource(
    @NotNull RedditApi redditApi,
    @NotNull String subredditName
  ) {
    this.redditApi = redditApi;
    this.subredditName = subredditName;
    ...
  }
}

public class ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource
  extends ListenableFuturePagingSource<String, RedditPost> {

  @NonNull
  private RedditApi redditApi;
  @NonNull
  private String subredditName;
  @NonNull
  private Executor bgExecutor;

  public ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource(
    @NotNull RedditApi redditApi,
    @NotNull String subredditName,
    @NonNull Executor bgExecutor
  ) {
    this.redditApi = redditApi;
    this.subredditName = subredditName;
    this.bgExecutor = bgExecutor;
    ...
  }
}

在此範例中，RedditApi 參數是一種可定義伺服器要求和回應類別的 Retrofit 介面。模擬版本可以實作介面、覆寫任何必要函式，並提供便利的方法，設定模擬物件在測試中的預期回應方式。

模擬物件設定完成後，請設定依附元件並將測試中的 PagingSource 物件初始化。以下範例說明如何透過測試貼文清單來初始化 MockRedditApi 物件：

@OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
class SubredditPagingSourceTest {
  private val postFactory = PostFactory()
  private val mockPosts = listOf(
    postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT),
    postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT),
    postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT)
  )
  private val mockApi = MockRedditApi().apply {
    mockPosts.forEach { post -> addPost(post) }
  }

  @Test
  fun loadReturnsPageWhenOnSuccessfulLoadOfItemKeyedData() = runTest {
    val pagingSource = ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource(mockApi, DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT)
  }
}

public class SubredditPagingSourceTest {
  static PostFactory postFactory = new PostFactory();
  static List<RedditPost> mockPosts = new ArrayList<>();
  static MockRedditApi mockApi = new MockRedditApi();

  static {
    for (int i=0; i<3; i++) {
      mockPosts.add(post);
      mockApi.addPost(post);
    }
  }

  @After tearDown() {
    // run.
    mockApi.setFailureMsg(null);
  }

  @Test loadReturnsPageWhenOnSuccessfulLoadOfItemKeyedData() { ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource(mockApi, DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT);
  }
} RedditPost post=postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT); public void Clear the failure message after each test public void throws InterruptedException ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource pagingSource=new>

public class SubredditPagingSourceTest {
  static PostFactory postFactory = new PostFactory();
  static List<RedditPost> mockPosts = new ArrayList<>();
  static MockRedditApi mockApi = new MockRedditApi();

  static {
    for (int i=0; i<3; i++) {
      mockPosts.add(post);
      mockApi.addPost(post);
    }
  }

  @After tearDown() {
    // run.
    mockApi.setFailureMsg(null);
  }

  @Test loadReturnsPageWhenOnSuccessfulLoadOfItemKeyedData() ExecutionException, { ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource(
        mockApi,
        DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT, CurrentThreadExecutor()
      );

  }
} RedditPost post=postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT); public void Clear the failure message after each test public void throws InterruptedException ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource pagingSource=new new>

下一步是測試 PagingSource 物件。load() 方法是測試的主要重點。下列範例說明如何驗證 load() 方法會傳回特定 LoadParams 參數的正確資料、上一個鍵和下一個鍵：

@Test
// Since load is a suspend function, runTest is used to ensure that it
// runs on the test thread.
fun loadReturnsPageWhenOnSuccessfulLoadOfItemKeyedData() = runTest {
  val pagingSource = ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource(mockApi, DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT)
  assertEquals(
    expected = Page(
      data = listOf(mockPosts[0], mockPosts[1]),
      prevKey = mockPosts[0].name,
      nextKey = mockPosts[1].name
    ),
    actual = pagingSource.load(
      Refresh(
        key = null,
        loadSize = 2,
        placeholdersEnabled = false
      )
    ),
  )
}

@Test
public void loadReturnsPageWhenOnSuccessfulLoadOfItemKeyedData()
  throws InterruptedException {

  ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource pagingSource =
    new ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource(mockApi, DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT);

  LoadParams.Refresh<String> refreshRequest =
    new LoadParams.Refresh<>(null, 2, false);

  pagingSource.loadSingle(refreshRequest)
    .test()
    .await()
    .assertValueCount(1)
    .assertValue(new LoadResult.Page<>(
      mockPosts.subList(0, 2),
      mockPosts.get(0).getName(),
      mockPosts.get(1).getName()
    ));
}

@Test
public void loadReturnsPageWhenOnSuccessfulLoadOfItemKeyedData()
  throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {

  ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource pagingSource = new ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource(
    mockApi,
    DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT,
    new CurrentThreadExecutor()
  );

  PagingSource.LoadParams.Refresh<String> refreshRequest =
    new PagingSource.LoadParams.Refresh<>(null, 2, false);

  PagingSource.LoadResult<String, RedditPost> result =
    pagingSource.loadFuture(refreshRequest).get();

  PagingSource.LoadResult<String, RedditPost> expected =
    new PagingSource.LoadResult.Page<>(
      mockPosts.subList(0, 2),
      mockPosts.get(0).getName(),
      mockPosts.get(1).getName()
    );

  assertThat(result, equalTo(expected));
}

以上範例示範如何測試透過項目鍵分頁的 PagingSource。如果您使用的資料來源是採用頁面鍵分頁，則 PagingSource 測試會有所不同。主要差異在於 load() 方法所需要的上一個鍵和下一個鍵。

@Test
fun loadReturnsPageWhenOnSuccessfulLoadOfPageKeyedData() = runTest {
  val pagingSource = PageKeyedSubredditPagingSource(mockApi, DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT)
  assertEquals(
    expected = Page(
      data = listOf(mockPosts[0], mockPosts[1]),
      prevKey = null,
      nextKey = mockPosts[1].id
    ),
    actual = pagingSource.load(
      Refresh(
        key = null,
        loadSize = 2,
        placeholdersEnabled = false
      )
    ),
  )
}

@Test
public void loadReturnsPageWhenOnSuccessfulLoadOfPageKeyedData()
  throws InterruptedException {

  PageKeyedSubredditPagingSource pagingSource =
    new PageKeyedSubredditPagingSource(mockApi, DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT);

  LoadParams.Refresh<String> refreshRequest =
    new LoadParams.Refresh<>(null, 2, false);

  pagingSource.loadSingle(refreshRequest)
    .test()
    .await()
    .assertValueCount(1)
    .assertValue(new LoadResult.Page<>(
      mockPosts.subList(0, 2),
      null,
      mockPosts.get(1).getId()
    ));
}

@Test
public void loadReturnsPageWhenOnSuccessfulLoadOfPageKeyedData()
  throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

  PageKeyedSubredditPagingSource pagingSource =
    new PageKeyedSubredditPagingSource(
      mockApi,
      DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT,
      new CurrentThreadExecutor()
    );

  PagingSource.LoadParams.Refresh<String> refreshRequest =
    new PagingSource.LoadParams.Refresh<>(null, 2, false);

  PagingSource.LoadResult<String, RedditPost> result =
    pagingSource.loadFuture(refreshRequest).get();

  PagingSource.LoadResult<String, RedditPost> expected =
    new PagingSource.LoadResult.Page<>(
      mockPosts.subList(0, 2),
      null,
      mockPosts.get(1).getId()
    );

  assertThat(result, equalTo(expected));
}

RemoteMediator 測試

RemoteMediator 單元測試的目標是驗證 load() 函式會傳回正確的 MediatorResult。 針對副作用 (例如插入資料庫的資料) 的測試較適用於整合測試。

首先，您必須決定 RemoteMediator 實作所需要的依附元件。以下範例說明需要 Room 資料庫、Retrofit 介面和搜尋字串的 RemoteMediator 實作：

@OptIn(ExperimentalPagingApi::class)
class PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
  private val db: RedditDb,
  private val redditApi: RedditApi,
  private val subredditName: String
) : RemoteMediator<Int, RedditPost>() {
  ...
}

public class PageKeyedRemoteMediator
  extends RxRemoteMediator<Integer, RedditPost> {

  @NonNull
  private RedditDb db;
  @NonNull
  private RedditPostDao postDao;
  @NonNull
  private SubredditRemoteKeyDao remoteKeyDao;
  @NonNull
  private RedditApi redditApi;
  @NonNull
  private String subredditName;

  public PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    @NonNull RedditDb db,
    @NonNull RedditApi redditApi,
    @NonNull String subredditName
  ) {
      this.db = db;
      this.postDao = db.posts();
      this.remoteKeyDao = db.remoteKeys();
      this.redditApi = redditApi;
      this.subredditName = subredditName;
      ...
  }
}

public class PageKeyedRemoteMediator
  extends ListenableFutureRemoteMediator<Integer, RedditPost> {

  @NonNull
  private RedditDb db;
  @NonNull
  private RedditPostDao postDao;
  @NonNull
  private SubredditRemoteKeyDao remoteKeyDao;
  @NonNull
  private RedditApi redditApi;
  @NonNull
  private String subredditName;
  @NonNull
  private Executor bgExecutor;

  public PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    @NonNull RedditDb db,
    @NonNull RedditApi redditApi,
    @NonNull String subredditName,
    @NonNull Executor bgExecutor
  ) {
    this.db = db;
    this.postDao = db.posts();
    this.remoteKeyDao = db.remoteKeys();
    this.redditApi = redditApi;
    this.subredditName = subredditName;
    this.bgExecutor = bgExecutor;
    ...
  }
}

您可以按照 PagingSource 測試一節的說明，來提供 Retrofit 介面和搜尋字串。提供 Room 資料庫的模擬版本十分複雜，因此較簡單的做法是提供資料庫的記憶體內實作，而不是完整的模擬版本。由於建立 Room 資料庫需要 Context 物件，因此您必須將此 RemoteMediator 測試放在 androidTest 目錄中，並使用 AndroidJUnit4 測試執行工具，以便存取測試應用程式的內容。如要進一步瞭解檢測設備測試，請參閱建構檢測設備單元測試。

定義拆除函式，確保狀態在測試函式之間不會外洩。這樣可確保測試執行結果維持一致。

@ExperimentalPagingApi
@OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
class PageKeyedRemoteMediatorTest {
  private val postFactory = PostFactory()
  private val mockPosts = listOf(
    postFactory.createRedditPost(SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT),
    postFactory.createRedditPost(SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT),
    postFactory.createRedditPost(SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT)
  )
  private val mockApi = mockRedditApi()

  private val mockDb = RedditDb.create(
    ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext(),
    useInMemory = true
  )

  @After
  fun tearDown() {
    mockDb.clearAllTables()
    // Clear out failure message to default to the successful response.
    mockApi.failureMsg = null
    // Clear out posts after each test run.
    mockApi.clearPosts()
  }
}

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class PageKeyedRemoteMediatorTest {
  static PostFactory postFactory = new PostFactory();
  static List<RedditPost> mockPosts = new ArrayList<>();
  static MockRedditApi mockApi = new MockRedditApi();
  private RedditDb mockDb = RedditDb.Companion.create(
    ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext(),
    true
  );

  static {
    for (int i=0; i<3; i++) {
      RedditPost post = postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT);
      mockPosts.add(post);
    }
  }

  @After
  public void tearDown() {
    mockDb.clearAllTables();
    // Clear the failure message after each test run.
    mockApi.setFailureMsg(null);
    // Clear out posts after each test run.
    mockApi.clearPosts();
  }
}

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class PageKeyedRemoteMediatorTest {
  static PostFactory postFactory = new PostFactory();
  static List<RedditPost> mockPosts = new ArrayList<>();
  static MockRedditApi mockApi = new MockRedditApi();

  private RedditDb mockDb = RedditDb.Companion.create(
    ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext(),
    true
  );

  static {
    for (int i=0; i<3; i++) {
      RedditPost post = postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT);
      mockPosts.add(post);
    }
  }

  @After
  public void tearDown() {
    mockDb.clearAllTables();
    // Clear the failure message after each test run.
    mockApi.setFailureMsg(null);
    // Clear out posts after each test run.
    mockApi.clearPosts();
  }
}

下一步是測試 load() 函式。在這個範例中，有三個案例可以進行測試：

• 第一個案例是 mockApi 傳回有效的資料。load() 函式應傳回 MediatorResult.Success，而 endOfPaginationReached 屬性應為 false。
• 第二個案例是 mockApi 傳回成功的回應，但傳回的資料是空的。load() 函式應傳回 MediatorResult.Success，而 endOfPaginationReached 屬性應為 true。
• 第三個案例是 mockApi 在擷取資料時擲回例外狀況。load() 函式應會傳回 MediatorResult.Error。

請按照下列步驟測試第一個案例：

1. 使用要傳回的訊息資料設定 mockApi。
2. 將 RemoteMediator 物件初始化。
3. 測試 load() 函式。

@Test
fun refreshLoadReturnsSuccessResultWhenMoreDataIsPresent() = runTest {
  // Add mock results for the API to return.
  mockPosts.forEach { post -> mockApi.addPost(post) }
  val remoteMediator = PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    mockDb,
    mockApi,
    SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT
  )
  val pagingState = PagingState<Int, RedditPost>(
    listOf(),
    null,
    PagingConfig(10),
    10
  )
  val result = remoteMediator.load(LoadType.REFRESH, pagingState)
  assertTrue { result is MediatorResult.Success }
  assertFalse { (result as MediatorResult.Success).endOfPaginationReached }
}

@Test
public void refreshLoadReturnsSuccessResultWhenMoreDataIsPresent()
  throws InterruptedException {

  // Add mock results for the API to return.
  for (RedditPost post: mockPosts) {
    mockApi.addPost(post);
  }

  PageKeyedRemoteMediator remoteMediator = new PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    mockDb,
    mockApi,
    SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT
  );
  PagingState<Integer, RedditPost> pagingState = new PagingState<>(
    new ArrayList(),
    null,
    new PagingConfig(10),
    10
  );
  remoteMediator.loadSingle(LoadType.REFRESH, pagingState)
    .test()
    .await()
    .assertValueCount(1)
    .assertValue(value -> value instanceof RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Success &&
      ((RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Success) value).endOfPaginationReached() == false);
}

@Test
public void refreshLoadReturnsSuccessResultWhenMoreDataIsPresent()
  throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

  // Add mock results for the API to return.
  for (RedditPost post: mockPosts) {
    mockApi.addPost(post);
  }

  PageKeyedRemoteMediator remoteMediator = new PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    mockDb,
    mockApi,
    SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT,
    new CurrentThreadExecutor()
  );
  PagingState<Integer, RedditPost> pagingState = new PagingState<>(
    new ArrayList(),
    null,
    new PagingConfig(10),
    10
  );

  RemoteMediator.MediatorResult result =
    remoteMediator.loadFuture(LoadType.REFRESH, pagingState).get();

  assertThat(result, instanceOf(RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Success.class));
  assertFalse(((RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Success) result).endOfPaginationReached());
}

如要進行第二個測試，mockApi 必須傳回空白結果。由於每次執行測試後都會清除 mockApi 中的資料，因此根據預設將會傳回空白結果。

@Test
fun refreshLoadSuccessAndEndOfPaginationWhenNoMoreData() = runTest {
  // To test endOfPaginationReached, don't set up the mockApi to return post
  // data here.
  val remoteMediator = PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    mockDb,
    mockApi,
    SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT
  )
  val pagingState = PagingState<Int, RedditPost>(
    listOf(),
    null,
    PagingConfig(10),
    10
  )
  val result = remoteMediator.load(LoadType.REFRESH, pagingState)
  assertTrue { result is MediatorResult.Success }
  assertTrue { (result as MediatorResult.Success).endOfPaginationReached }
}

@Test
public void refreshLoadSuccessAndEndOfPaginationWhenNoMoreData()
  throws InterruptedException() {

  // To test endOfPaginationReached, don't set up the mockApi to return post
  // data here.
  PageKeyedRemoteMediator remoteMediator = new PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    mockDb,
    mockApi,
    SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT
  );
  PagingState<Integer, RedditPost> pagingState = new PagingState<>(
    new ArrayList(),
    null,
    new PagingConfig(10),
    10
  );
  remoteMediator.loadSingle(LoadType.REFRESH, pagingState)
    .test()
    .await()
    .assertValueCount(1)
    .assertValue(value -> value instanceof RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Success &&
      ((RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Success) value).endOfPaginationReached() == true);
}

@Test
public void refreshLoadSuccessAndEndOfPaginationWhenNoMoreData()
  throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

  // To test endOfPaginationReached, don't set up the mockApi to return post
  // data here.
  PageKeyedRemoteMediator remoteMediator = new PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    mockDb,
    mockApi,
    SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT,
    new CurrentThreadExecutor()
  );
  PagingState<Integer, RedditPost> pagingState = new PagingState<>(
    new ArrayList(),
    null,
    new PagingConfig(10),
    10
  );

  RemoteMediator.MediatorResult result =
    remoteMediator.loadFuture(LoadType.REFRESH, pagingState).get();

  assertThat(result, instanceOf(RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Success.class));
  assertTrue(((RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Success) result).endOfPaginationReached());
}

如要進行最後一個測試，mockApi 必須擲回例外狀況，以便驗證 load() 函式是否正確傳回 MediatorResult.Error。

@Test
fun refreshLoadReturnsErrorResultWhenErrorOccurs() = runTest {
  // Set up failure message to throw exception from the mock API.
  mockApi.failureMsg = "Throw test failure"
  val remoteMediator = PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    mockDb,
    mockApi,
    SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT
  )
  val pagingState = PagingState<Int, RedditPost>(
    listOf(),
    null,
    PagingConfig(10),
    10
  )
  val result = remoteMediator.load(LoadType.REFRESH, pagingState)
  assertTrue {result is MediatorResult.Error }
}

@Test
public void refreshLoadReturnsErrorResultWhenErrorOccurs()
  throws InterruptedException {

  // Set up failure message to throw exception from the mock API.
  mockApi.setFailureMsg("Throw test failure");
  PageKeyedRemoteMediator remoteMediator = new PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    mockDb,
    mockApi,
    SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT
  );
  PagingState<Integer, RedditPost> pagingState = new PagingState<>(
    new ArrayList(),
    null,
    new PagingConfig(10),
    10
  );
  remoteMediator.loadSingle(LoadType.REFRESH, pagingState)
    .test()
    .await()
    .assertValueCount(1)
    .assertValue(value -> value instanceof RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Error);
}

@Test
public void refreshLoadReturnsErrorResultWhenErrorOccurs()
  throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

  // Set up failure message to throw exception from the mock API.
  mockApi.setFailureMsg("Throw test failure");
  PageKeyedRemoteMediator remoteMediator = new PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    mockDb,
    mockApi,
    SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT,
    new CurrentThreadExecutor()
  );
  PagingState<Integer, RedditPost> pagingState = new PagingState<>(
    new ArrayList(),
    null,
    new PagingConfig(10),
    10
  );
  RemoteMediator.MediatorResult result =
    remoteMediator.loadFuture(LoadType.REFRESH, pagingState).get();

  assertThat(result, instanceOf(RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Error.class));
}

端對端測試

單元測試可保證個別分頁元件能夠獨立運作，但端對端測試更能確保應用程式整體都能正常運作。這些測試仍需要一些模擬依附元件，但通常已涵蓋大部分的應用程式程式碼。

本節中的範例使用模擬 API 依附元件，避免在測試中使用網路。模擬 API 已設為傳回一組一致的測試資料，進而產生可重複的測試。根據依附元件的作用、輸出內容的一致性，以及測試所需的擬真度，決定要針對模擬實作替換的依附元件。

編寫程式碼時，請採取可讓您輕鬆替換依附元件模擬版本的方式。以下範例使用基本的服務定位器實作，並視需要提供及變更依附元件。在大型應用程式中，使用依附元件插入程式庫 (例如 Hilt) 有助管理更複雜的依附元件圖表。

class RedditActivityTest {

  companion object {
    private const val TEST_SUBREDDIT = "test"
  }

  private val postFactory = PostFactory()
  private val mockApi = MockRedditApi().apply {
    addPost(postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT))
    addPost(postFactory.createRedditPost(TEST_SUBREDDIT))
    addPost(postFactory.createRedditPost(TEST_SUBREDDIT))
  }

  @Before
  fun init() {
    val app = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext<Application>()
    // Use a controlled service locator with a mock API.
    ServiceLocator.swap(
      object : DefaultServiceLocator(app = app, useInMemoryDb = true) {
        override fun getRedditApi(): RedditApi = mockApi
      }
    )
  }
}

public class RedditActivityTest {

  public static final String TEST_SUBREDDIT = "test";

  private static PostFactory postFactory = new PostFactory();
  private static MockRedditApi mockApi = new MockRedditApi();

  static {
    mockApi.addPost(postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT));
    mockApi.addPost(postFactory.createRedditPost(TEST_SUBREDDIT));
    mockApi.addPost(postFactory.createRedditPost(TEST_SUBREDDIT));
  }

  @Before
  public void setup() {
    Application app = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
    // Use a controlled service locator with a mock API.
    ServiceLocator.Companion.swap(
      new DefaultServiceLocator(app, true) {
        @NotNull
        @Override
        public RedditApi getRedditApi() {
          return mockApi;
        }
      }
    );
  }
}

public class RedditActivityTest {

  public static final String TEST_SUBREDDIT = "test";

  private static PostFactory postFactory = new PostFactory();
  private static MockRedditApi mockApi = new MockRedditApi();

  static {
    mockApi.addPost(postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT));
    mockApi.addPost(postFactory.createRedditPost(TEST_SUBREDDIT));
    mockApi.addPost(postFactory.createRedditPost(TEST_SUBREDDIT));
  }

  @Before
  public void setup() {
    Application app = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
    // Use a controlled service locator with a mock API.
    ServiceLocator.Companion.swap(
      new DefaultServiceLocator(app, true) {
        @NotNull
        @Override
        public RedditApi getRedditApi() {
          return mockApi;
        }
      }
    );
  }
}

設定測試結構後，下一步就是驗證 Pager 實作傳回的資料是否正確。一項測試應確保 Pager 物件在網頁初次載入時載入預設資料，而另一項測試應驗證 Pager 物件是否可根據使用者輸入內容正確載入額外資料。在以下範例中，測試會驗證當使用者輸入不同的子版 (subreddit) 進行搜尋時，Pager 物件是否可根據 API 傳回的正確項目數量更新 RecyclerView.Adapter。

@Test
fun loadsTheDefaultResults() {
    ActivityScenario.launch(RedditActivity::class.java)

    onView(withId(R.id.list)).check { view, noViewFoundException ->
        if (noViewFoundException != null) {
            throw noViewFoundException
        }

        val recyclerView = view as RecyclerView
        assertEquals(1, recyclerView.adapter?.itemCount)
    }
}

@Test
// Verify that the default data is swapped out when the user searches for a
// different subreddit.
fun loadsTheTestResultsWhenSearchingForSubreddit() {
  ActivityScenario.launch(RedditActivity::class.java )

  onView(withId(R.id.list)).check { view, noViewFoundException ->
    if (noViewFoundException != null) {
      throw noViewFoundException
    }

    val recyclerView = view as RecyclerView
    // Verify that it loads the default data first.
    assertEquals(1, recyclerView.adapter?.itemCount)
  }

  // Search for test subreddit instead of default to trigger new data load.
  onView(withId(R.id.input)).perform(
    replaceText(TEST_SUBREDDIT),
    pressKey(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_ENTER)
  )

  onView(withId(R.id.list)).check { view, noViewFoundException ->
    if (noViewFoundException != null) {
      throw noViewFoundException
    }

    val recyclerView = view as RecyclerView
    assertEquals(2, recyclerView.adapter?.itemCount)
  }
}

@Test
public void loadsTheDefaultResults() {
  ActivityScenario.launch(RedditActivity.class);

  onView(withId(R.id.list)).check((view, noViewFoundException) -> {
    if (noViewFoundException != null) {
      throw noViewFoundException;
    }

    RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) view;
    assertEquals(1, recyclerView.getAdapter().getItemCount());
  });
}

@Test
// Verify that the default data is swapped out when the user searches for a
// different subreddit.
public void loadsTheTestResultsWhenSearchingForSubreddit() {
  ActivityScenario.launch(RedditActivity.class);

  onView(withId(R.id.list)).check((view, noViewFoundException) -> {
    if (noViewFoundException != null) {
      throw noViewFoundException;
    }

    RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) view;
    // Verify that it loads the default data first.
    assertEquals(1, recyclerView.getAdapter().getItemCount());
  });

  // Search for test subreddit instead of default to trigger new data load.
  onView(withId(R.id.input)).perform(
    replaceText(TEST_SUBREDDIT),
    pressKey(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_ENTER)
  );

  onView(withId(R.id.list)).check((view, noViewFoundException) -> {
    if (noViewFoundException != null) {
      throw noViewFoundException;
    }

    RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) view;
    assertEquals(2, recyclerView.getAdapter().getItemCount());
  });
}

@Test
public void loadsTheDefaultResults() {
  ActivityScenario.launch(RedditActivity.class);

  onView(withId(R.id.list)).check((view, noViewFoundException) -> {
    if (noViewFoundException != null) {
      throw noViewFoundException;
    }

    RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) view;
    assertEquals(1, recyclerView.getAdapter().getItemCount());
  });
}

@Test
// Verify that the default data is swapped out when the user searches for a
// different subreddit.
public void loadsTheTestResultsWhenSearchingForSubreddit() {
  ActivityScenario.launch(RedditActivity.class);

  onView(withId(R.id.list)).check((view, noViewFoundException) -> {
    if (noViewFoundException != null) {
      throw noViewFoundException;
    }

    RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) view;
    // Verify that it loads the default data first.
    assertEquals(1, recyclerView.getAdapter().getItemCount());
  });

  // Search for test subreddit instead of default to trigger new data load.
  onView(withId(R.id.input)).perform(
    replaceText(TEST_SUBREDDIT),
    pressKey(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_ENTER)
  );

  onView(withId(R.id.list)).check((view, noViewFoundException) -> {
    if (noViewFoundException != null) {
      throw noViewFoundException;
    }

    RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) view;
    assertEquals(2, recyclerView.getAdapter().getItemCount());
  });
}

檢測設備測試應確認資料可正確顯示在使用者介面中。方法是驗證 RecyclerView.Adapter 中的項目數量正確，或反覆檢視個別的資料列檢視畫面，並確認資料格式正確。