测试 Paging 实现

在应用中实现 Paging 库需要辅以稳健的测试策略。您应测试 PagingSource 和 RemoteMediator 等数据加载组件，以确保这些组件按预期运行。您还应编写端到端测试，以验证 Paging 实现中的所有组件能否正确协同工作，而不会产生意外的副效应。

本指南将介绍如何单独测试 Paging 数据源，如何测试对分页数据执行的转换，以及如何为整个 Paging 实现编写端到端测试。本指南中的示例基于示例：将 Paging 与网络搭配使用。

代码库层测试

为代码库层中的组件编写单元测试，以确保这些组件能从数据源正确加载数据。提供依赖项的模拟版本，以验证被测组件在单独运行时是否正常。您需要在代码库层中测试的主要组件是 PagingSource 和 RemoteMediator。

PagingSource 测试

PagingSource 类的单元测试涉及设置 PagingSource 实例，以及验证 load() 函数是否会根据 LoadParams 参数返回正确的分页数据。将模拟数据提供给 PagingSource 构造函数，以便您可以控制测试中的数据。您可以为原始数据类型传入默认值，但对于其他对象（例如数据库或 API 实现），则需要传入模拟版本。这样，当被测 PagingSource 与模拟数据源互动时，您可以完全控制后者的输出。

您的特定 PagingSource 实现的构造函数参数将指示您需要传递的测试数据类型。在以下示例中，PagingSource 实现需要一个 RedditApi 对象以及用作 subreddit 名称的 String。您可以为该 String 参数传递默认值，但对于 RedditApi 参数，必须创建模拟实现用于测试。

class ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource(
  private val redditApi: RedditApi,
  private val subredditName: String
) : PagingSource<String, RedditPost>() {
  ...
}

public class ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource
  extends RxPagingSource<String, RedditPost> {

  @NonNull
  private RedditApi redditApi;
  @NonNull
  private String subredditName;

  ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource(
    @NotNull RedditApi redditApi,
    @NotNull String subredditName
  ) {
    this.redditApi = redditApi;
    this.subredditName = subredditName;
    ...
  }
}

public class ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource
  extends ListenableFuturePagingSource<String, RedditPost> {

  @NonNull
  private RedditApi redditApi;
  @NonNull
  private String subredditName;
  @NonNull
  private Executor bgExecutor;

  public ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource(
    @NotNull RedditApi redditApi,
    @NotNull String subredditName,
    @NonNull Executor bgExecutor
  ) {
    this.redditApi = redditApi;
    this.subredditName = subredditName;
    this.bgExecutor = bgExecutor;
    ...
  }
}

在此示例中，RedditApi 参数是一个 Retrofit 接口，用于定义服务器请求和响应类。模拟版本可以实现该接口、替换任何必需函数，并提供便捷方法来配置模拟对象在测试中的反应方式。

创建好模拟对象后，应在测试中设置依赖项并初始化 PagingSource 对象。以下示例演示了如何使用一系列测试 post 初始化 MockRedditApi 对象：

@OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
class SubredditPagingSourceTest {
  private val postFactory = PostFactory()
  private val mockPosts = listOf(
    postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT),
    postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT),
    postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT)
  )
  private val mockApi = MockRedditApi().apply {
    mockPosts.forEach { post -> addPost(post) }
  }

  @Test
  fun loadReturnsPageWhenOnSuccessfulLoadOfItemKeyedData() = runTest {
    val pagingSource = ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource(mockApi, DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT)
  }
}

public class SubredditPagingSourceTest {
  static PostFactory postFactory = new PostFactory();
  static List<RedditPost> mockPosts = new ArrayList<>();
  static MockRedditApi mockApi = new MockRedditApi();

  static {
    for (int i=0; i<3; i++) {
      mockPosts.add(post);
      mockApi.addPost(post);
    }
  }

  @After tearDown() {
    // run.
    mockApi.setFailureMsg(null);
  }

  @Test loadReturnsPageWhenOnSuccessfulLoadOfItemKeyedData() { ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource(mockApi, DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT);
  }
} RedditPost post=postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT); public void Clear the failure message after each test public void throws InterruptedException ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource pagingSource=new>

public class SubredditPagingSourceTest {
  static PostFactory postFactory = new PostFactory();
  static List<RedditPost> mockPosts = new ArrayList<>();
  static MockRedditApi mockApi = new MockRedditApi();

  static {
    for (int i=0; i<3; i++) {
      mockPosts.add(post);
      mockApi.addPost(post);
    }
  }

  @After tearDown() {
    // run.
    mockApi.setFailureMsg(null);
  }

  @Test loadReturnsPageWhenOnSuccessfulLoadOfItemKeyedData() ExecutionException, { ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource(
        mockApi,
        DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT, CurrentThreadExecutor()
      );

  }
} RedditPost post=postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT); public void Clear the failure message after each test public void throws InterruptedException ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource pagingSource=new new>

下一步是测试 PagingSource 对象。load() 方法是测试的重点。以下示例演示了一个断言，以验证 load() 方法是否会针对给定的 LoadParams 参数返回正确的数据、上一个键和下一个键：

@Test
// Since load is a suspend function, runTest is used to ensure that it
// runs on the test thread.
fun loadReturnsPageWhenOnSuccessfulLoadOfItemKeyedData() = runTest {
  val pagingSource = ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource(mockApi, DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT)
  assertEquals(
    expected = Page(
      data = listOf(mockPosts[0], mockPosts[1]),
      prevKey = mockPosts[0].name,
      nextKey = mockPosts[1].name
    ),
    actual = pagingSource.load(
      Refresh(
        key = null,
        loadSize = 2,
        placeholdersEnabled = false
      )
    ),
  )
}

@Test
public void loadReturnsPageWhenOnSuccessfulLoadOfItemKeyedData()
  throws InterruptedException {

  ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource pagingSource =
    new ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource(mockApi, DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT);

  LoadParams.Refresh<String> refreshRequest =
    new LoadParams.Refresh<>(null, 2, false);

  pagingSource.loadSingle(refreshRequest)
    .test()
    .await()
    .assertValueCount(1)
    .assertValue(new LoadResult.Page<>(
      mockPosts.subList(0, 2),
      mockPosts.get(0).getName(),
      mockPosts.get(1).getName()
    ));
}

@Test
public void loadReturnsPageWhenOnSuccessfulLoadOfItemKeyedData()
  throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {

  ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource pagingSource = new ItemKeyedSubredditPagingSource(
    mockApi,
    DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT,
    new CurrentThreadExecutor()
  );

  PagingSource.LoadParams.Refresh<String> refreshRequest =
    new PagingSource.LoadParams.Refresh<>(null, 2, false);

  PagingSource.LoadResult<String, RedditPost> result =
    pagingSource.loadFuture(refreshRequest).get();

  PagingSource.LoadResult<String, RedditPost> expected =
    new PagingSource.LoadResult.Page<>(
      mockPosts.subList(0, 2),
      mockPosts.get(0).getName(),
      mockPosts.get(1).getName()
    );

  assertThat(result, equalTo(expected));
}

上一个示例演示了如何测试使用项键控分页的 PagingSource。如果您使用的数据源是由页面进行键控的，PagingSource 测试将会有所不同。主要区别在于预计来自 load() 方法的上一个键和下一个键。

@Test
fun loadReturnsPageWhenOnSuccessfulLoadOfPageKeyedData() = runTest {
  val pagingSource = PageKeyedSubredditPagingSource(mockApi, DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT)
  assertEquals(
    expected = Page(
      data = listOf(mockPosts[0], mockPosts[1]),
      prevKey = null,
      nextKey = mockPosts[1].id
    ),
    actual = pagingSource.load(
      Refresh(
        key = null,
        loadSize = 2,
        placeholdersEnabled = false
      )
    ),
  )
}

@Test
public void loadReturnsPageWhenOnSuccessfulLoadOfPageKeyedData()
  throws InterruptedException {

  PageKeyedSubredditPagingSource pagingSource =
    new PageKeyedSubredditPagingSource(mockApi, DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT);

  LoadParams.Refresh<String> refreshRequest =
    new LoadParams.Refresh<>(null, 2, false);

  pagingSource.loadSingle(refreshRequest)
    .test()
    .await()
    .assertValueCount(1)
    .assertValue(new LoadResult.Page<>(
      mockPosts.subList(0, 2),
      null,
      mockPosts.get(1).getId()
    ));
}

@Test
public void loadReturnsPageWhenOnSuccessfulLoadOfPageKeyedData()
  throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

  PageKeyedSubredditPagingSource pagingSource =
    new PageKeyedSubredditPagingSource(
      mockApi,
      DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT,
      new CurrentThreadExecutor()
    );

  PagingSource.LoadParams.Refresh<String> refreshRequest =
    new PagingSource.LoadParams.Refresh<>(null, 2, false);

  PagingSource.LoadResult<String, RedditPost> result =
    pagingSource.loadFuture(refreshRequest).get();

  PagingSource.LoadResult<String, RedditPost> expected =
    new PagingSource.LoadResult.Page<>(
      mockPosts.subList(0, 2),
      null,
      mockPosts.get(1).getId()
    );

  assertThat(result, equalTo(expected));
}

RemoteMediator 测试

RemoteMediator 单元测试的目的是验证 load() 函数是否会返回正确的 MediatorResult。副效应测试（例如将数据插入数据库）更适合集成测试。

第一步是确定 RemoteMediator 实现需要的依赖项。以下示例演示了需要 Room 数据库、Retrofit 接口和搜索字符串的 RemoteMediator 实现：

@OptIn(ExperimentalPagingApi::class)
class PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
  private val db: RedditDb,
  private val redditApi: RedditApi,
  private val subredditName: String
) : RemoteMediator<Int, RedditPost>() {
  ...
}

public class PageKeyedRemoteMediator
  extends RxRemoteMediator<Integer, RedditPost> {

  @NonNull
  private RedditDb db;
  @NonNull
  private RedditPostDao postDao;
  @NonNull
  private SubredditRemoteKeyDao remoteKeyDao;
  @NonNull
  private RedditApi redditApi;
  @NonNull
  private String subredditName;

  public PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    @NonNull RedditDb db,
    @NonNull RedditApi redditApi,
    @NonNull String subredditName
  ) {
      this.db = db;
      this.postDao = db.posts();
      this.remoteKeyDao = db.remoteKeys();
      this.redditApi = redditApi;
      this.subredditName = subredditName;
      ...
  }
}

public class PageKeyedRemoteMediator
  extends ListenableFutureRemoteMediator<Integer, RedditPost> {

  @NonNull
  private RedditDb db;
  @NonNull
  private RedditPostDao postDao;
  @NonNull
  private SubredditRemoteKeyDao remoteKeyDao;
  @NonNull
  private RedditApi redditApi;
  @NonNull
  private String subredditName;
  @NonNull
  private Executor bgExecutor;

  public PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    @NonNull RedditDb db,
    @NonNull RedditApi redditApi,
    @NonNull String subredditName,
    @NonNull Executor bgExecutor
  ) {
    this.db = db;
    this.postDao = db.posts();
    this.remoteKeyDao = db.remoteKeys();
    this.redditApi = redditApi;
    this.subredditName = subredditName;
    this.bgExecutor = bgExecutor;
    ...
  }
}

您可以提供 Retrofit 接口和搜索字符串，如 PagingSource 测试部分所示。提供 Room 数据库的模拟版本非常复杂，而更简单的做法是提供数据库的内存中实现，而不是完整的模拟版本。由于创建 Room 数据库需要 Context 对象，您必须将此 RemoteMediator 测试放在 androidTest 目录中，并使用 AndroidJUnit4 测试运行程序来执行此测试，使其能够访问测试应用上下文。如需详细了解插桩测试，请参阅构建插桩单元测试。

定义拆解函数，以确保状态不会在测试函数之间泄漏。这可确保测试运行之间结果的一致。

@ExperimentalPagingApi
@OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
class PageKeyedRemoteMediatorTest {
  private val postFactory = PostFactory()
  private val mockPosts = listOf(
    postFactory.createRedditPost(SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT),
    postFactory.createRedditPost(SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT),
    postFactory.createRedditPost(SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT)
  )
  private val mockApi = mockRedditApi()

  private val mockDb = RedditDb.create(
    ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext(),
    useInMemory = true
  )

  @After
  fun tearDown() {
    mockDb.clearAllTables()
    // Clear out failure message to default to the successful response.
    mockApi.failureMsg = null
    // Clear out posts after each test run.
    mockApi.clearPosts()
  }
}

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class PageKeyedRemoteMediatorTest {
  static PostFactory postFactory = new PostFactory();
  static List<RedditPost> mockPosts = new ArrayList<>();
  static MockRedditApi mockApi = new MockRedditApi();
  private RedditDb mockDb = RedditDb.Companion.create(
    ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext(),
    true
  );

  static {
    for (int i=0; i<3; i++) {
      RedditPost post = postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT);
      mockPosts.add(post);
    }
  }

  @After
  public void tearDown() {
    mockDb.clearAllTables();
    // Clear the failure message after each test run.
    mockApi.setFailureMsg(null);
    // Clear out posts after each test run.
    mockApi.clearPosts();
  }
}

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class PageKeyedRemoteMediatorTest {
  static PostFactory postFactory = new PostFactory();
  static List<RedditPost> mockPosts = new ArrayList<>();
  static MockRedditApi mockApi = new MockRedditApi();

  private RedditDb mockDb = RedditDb.Companion.create(
    ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext(),
    true
  );

  static {
    for (int i=0; i<3; i++) {
      RedditPost post = postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT);
      mockPosts.add(post);
    }
  }

  @After
  public void tearDown() {
    mockDb.clearAllTables();
    // Clear the failure message after each test run.
    mockApi.setFailureMsg(null);
    // Clear out posts after each test run.
    mockApi.clearPosts();
  }
}

下一步是测试 load() 函数。在此示例中，要测试三种情况：

• 第一种情况是 mockApi 返回有效数据。load() 函数应返回 MediatorResult.Success，endOfPaginationReached 属性应为 false。
• 第二种情况是 mockApi 返回成功响应，但返回的数据为空。load() 函数应返回 MediatorResult.Success，endOfPaginationReached 属性应为 true。
• 第三种情况是 mockApi 在获取数据时抛出异常。load() 函数应返回 MediatorResult.Error。

请按以下步骤测试第一种情况：

1. 使用要返回的 post 数据设置 mockApi。
2. 初始化 RemoteMediator 对象：
3. 测试 load() 函数。

@Test
fun refreshLoadReturnsSuccessResultWhenMoreDataIsPresent() = runTest {
  // Add mock results for the API to return.
  mockPosts.forEach { post -> mockApi.addPost(post) }
  val remoteMediator = PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    mockDb,
    mockApi,
    SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT
  )
  val pagingState = PagingState<Int, RedditPost>(
    listOf(),
    null,
    PagingConfig(10),
    10
  )
  val result = remoteMediator.load(LoadType.REFRESH, pagingState)
  assertTrue { result is MediatorResult.Success }
  assertFalse { (result as MediatorResult.Success).endOfPaginationReached }
}

@Test
public void refreshLoadReturnsSuccessResultWhenMoreDataIsPresent()
  throws InterruptedException {

  // Add mock results for the API to return.
  for (RedditPost post: mockPosts) {
    mockApi.addPost(post);
  }

  PageKeyedRemoteMediator remoteMediator = new PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    mockDb,
    mockApi,
    SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT
  );
  PagingState<Integer, RedditPost> pagingState = new PagingState<>(
    new ArrayList(),
    null,
    new PagingConfig(10),
    10
  );
  remoteMediator.loadSingle(LoadType.REFRESH, pagingState)
    .test()
    .await()
    .assertValueCount(1)
    .assertValue(value -> value instanceof RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Success &&
      ((RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Success) value).endOfPaginationReached() == false);
}

@Test
public void refreshLoadReturnsSuccessResultWhenMoreDataIsPresent()
  throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

  // Add mock results for the API to return.
  for (RedditPost post: mockPosts) {
    mockApi.addPost(post);
  }

  PageKeyedRemoteMediator remoteMediator = new PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    mockDb,
    mockApi,
    SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT,
    new CurrentThreadExecutor()
  );
  PagingState<Integer, RedditPost> pagingState = new PagingState<>(
    new ArrayList(),
    null,
    new PagingConfig(10),
    10
  );

  RemoteMediator.MediatorResult result =
    remoteMediator.loadFuture(LoadType.REFRESH, pagingState).get();

  assertThat(result, instanceOf(RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Success.class));
  assertFalse(((RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Success) result).endOfPaginationReached());
}

第二个测试要求 mockApi 返回一个空结果。由于您在每次运行测试后都清除 mockApi 中的数据，因此默认情况下它会返回一个空结果。

@Test
fun refreshLoadSuccessAndEndOfPaginationWhenNoMoreData() = runTest {
  // To test endOfPaginationReached, don't set up the mockApi to return post
  // data here.
  val remoteMediator = PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    mockDb,
    mockApi,
    SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT
  )
  val pagingState = PagingState<Int, RedditPost>(
    listOf(),
    null,
    PagingConfig(10),
    10
  )
  val result = remoteMediator.load(LoadType.REFRESH, pagingState)
  assertTrue { result is MediatorResult.Success }
  assertTrue { (result as MediatorResult.Success).endOfPaginationReached }
}

@Test
public void refreshLoadSuccessAndEndOfPaginationWhenNoMoreData()
  throws InterruptedException() {

  // To test endOfPaginationReached, don't set up the mockApi to return post
  // data here.
  PageKeyedRemoteMediator remoteMediator = new PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    mockDb,
    mockApi,
    SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT
  );
  PagingState<Integer, RedditPost> pagingState = new PagingState<>(
    new ArrayList(),
    null,
    new PagingConfig(10),
    10
  );
  remoteMediator.loadSingle(LoadType.REFRESH, pagingState)
    .test()
    .await()
    .assertValueCount(1)
    .assertValue(value -> value instanceof RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Success &&
      ((RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Success) value).endOfPaginationReached() == true);
}

@Test
public void refreshLoadSuccessAndEndOfPaginationWhenNoMoreData()
  throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

  // To test endOfPaginationReached, don't set up the mockApi to return post
  // data here.
  PageKeyedRemoteMediator remoteMediator = new PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    mockDb,
    mockApi,
    SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT,
    new CurrentThreadExecutor()
  );
  PagingState<Integer, RedditPost> pagingState = new PagingState<>(
    new ArrayList(),
    null,
    new PagingConfig(10),
    10
  );

  RemoteMediator.MediatorResult result =
    remoteMediator.loadFuture(LoadType.REFRESH, pagingState).get();

  assertThat(result, instanceOf(RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Success.class));
  assertTrue(((RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Success) result).endOfPaginationReached());
}

最后一项测试要求 mockApi 抛出异常，以便测试可以验证 load() 函数是否会正确返回 MediatorResult.Error。

@Test
fun refreshLoadReturnsErrorResultWhenErrorOccurs() = runTest {
  // Set up failure message to throw exception from the mock API.
  mockApi.failureMsg = "Throw test failure"
  val remoteMediator = PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    mockDb,
    mockApi,
    SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT
  )
  val pagingState = PagingState<Int, RedditPost>(
    listOf(),
    null,
    PagingConfig(10),
    10
  )
  val result = remoteMediator.load(LoadType.REFRESH, pagingState)
  assertTrue {result is MediatorResult.Error }
}

@Test
public void refreshLoadReturnsErrorResultWhenErrorOccurs()
  throws InterruptedException {

  // Set up failure message to throw exception from the mock API.
  mockApi.setFailureMsg("Throw test failure");
  PageKeyedRemoteMediator remoteMediator = new PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    mockDb,
    mockApi,
    SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT
  );
  PagingState<Integer, RedditPost> pagingState = new PagingState<>(
    new ArrayList(),
    null,
    new PagingConfig(10),
    10
  );
  remoteMediator.loadSingle(LoadType.REFRESH, pagingState)
    .test()
    .await()
    .assertValueCount(1)
    .assertValue(value -> value instanceof RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Error);
}

@Test
public void refreshLoadReturnsErrorResultWhenErrorOccurs()
  throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

  // Set up failure message to throw exception from the mock API.
  mockApi.setFailureMsg("Throw test failure");
  PageKeyedRemoteMediator remoteMediator = new PageKeyedRemoteMediator(
    mockDb,
    mockApi,
    SubRedditViewModel.DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT,
    new CurrentThreadExecutor()
  );
  PagingState<Integer, RedditPost> pagingState = new PagingState<>(
    new ArrayList(),
    null,
    new PagingConfig(10),
    10
  );
  RemoteMediator.MediatorResult result =
    remoteMediator.loadFuture(LoadType.REFRESH, pagingState).get();

  assertThat(result, instanceOf(RemoteMediator.MediatorResult.Error.class));
}

转换测试

您还应该编写一些单元测试，用于涵盖您应用于 PagingData 流的所有转换。如果您的 Paging 实现需要执行任何数据映射或过滤，那么您就应对这些转换进行测试，以确保其按预期运行。您需要在这些测试中使用 AsyncPagingDataDiffer，因为您无法直接访问 PagingData 数据流的输出。

以下示例演示了几个为进行测试而对 PagingData 对象应用的基本转换：

fun PagingData<Int>.myHelperTransformFunction(): PagingData<Int> {
  return this.map { item ->
    item * item
  }.filter { item ->
    item % 2 == 0
  }
}

public PagingData<Integer> myHelperTransformFunction(PagingData<Integer> pagingData) {
  PagingData<Integer> mappedData = PagingDataTransforms.map(
    pagingData,
    new CurrentThreadExecutor(),
    ((item) -> item * item)
  );
  return PagingDataTransforms.filter(
    mappedData,
    new CurrentThreadExecutor(),
    ((item) -> item % 2 == 0)
  );
}

public PagingData<Integer> myHelperTransformFunction(PagingData<Integer> pagingData) {
  PagingData<Integer> mappedData = PagingDataTransforms.map(
    pagingData,
    new CurrentThreadExecutor(),
    ((item) -> item * item)
  );
  return PagingDataTransforms.filter(
    mappedData,
    new CurrentThreadExecutor(),
    ((item) -> item % 2 == 0)
  );
}

AsyncPagingDataDiffer 对象需要几个参数，但在进行测试时，大多数参数可为空实现。其中两个参数是 DiffUtil.ItemCallback 和 ListUpdateCallback 实现：

class NoopListCallback : ListUpdateCallback {
  override fun onChanged(position: Int, count: Int, payload: Any?) {}
  override fun onMoved(fromPosition: Int, toPosition: Int) {}
  override fun onInserted(position: Int, count: Int) {}
  override fun onRemoved(position: Int, count: Int) {}
}

class MyDiffCallback : DiffUtil.ItemCallback<Int>() {
  override fun areItemsTheSame(oldItem: Int, newItem: Int): Boolean {
    return oldItem == newItem
  }

  override fun areContentsTheSame(oldItem: Int, newItem: Int): Boolean {
    return oldItem == newItem
  }
}

class NoopListCallback implements ListUpdateCallback {
  @Override
  public void onInserted(int position, int count) {}

  @Override
  public void onRemoved(int position, int count) {}

  @Override
  public void onMoved(int fromPosition, int toPosition) {}

  @Override
  public void onChanged(
    int position,
    int count,
    @Nullable Object payload
  ) { }
}

class MyDiffCallback extends DiffUtil.ItemCallback<Integer> {
  @Override
  public boolean areItemsTheSame(
    @NonNull Integer oldItem,
    @NonNull Integer newItem
  ) {
    return oldItem.equals(newItem);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean areContentsTheSame(
    @NonNull Integer oldItem,
    @NonNull Integer newItem
  ) {
    return oldItem.equals(newItem);
  }
}

class NoopListCallback implements ListUpdateCallback {
  @Override
  public void onInserted(int position, int count) {}

  @Override
  public void onRemoved(int position, int count) {}

  @Override
  public void onMoved(int fromPosition, int toPosition) {}

  @Override
  public void onChanged(
    int position,
    int count,
    @Nullable Object payload
  ) { }
}

class MyDiffCallback extends DiffUtil.ItemCallback<Integer> {
  @Override
  public boolean areItemsTheSame(
    @NonNull Integer oldItem,
    @NonNull Integer newItem
  ) {
    return oldItem.equals(newItem);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean areContentsTheSame(
    @NonNull Integer oldItem,
    @NonNull Integer newItem
  ) {
    return oldItem.equals(newItem);
  }
}

有了这些依赖项，您就可以编写转换测试了。这些测试应执行以下步骤：

1. 使用测试数据初始化 PagingData。
2. 对 PagingData 运行转换。
3. 将转换后的数据传递给 differ。
4. differ 解析该数据后，访问 differ 输出的快照，并验证数据是否正确。

以下示例演示了此过程：

@ExperimentalCoroutinesApi
class PagingDataTransformTest {
  private val testScope = TestScope()
  private val testDispatcher = StandardTestDispatcher(testScope.testScheduler)

  @Before
  fun setUp() {
    Dispatchers.setMain(testDispatcher)
  }

  @After
  fun tearDown() {
    Dispatchers.resetMain()
  }

  @Test
  fun differTransformsData() = testScope.runTest {
    val data = PagingData.from(listOf(1, 2, 3, 4)).myHelperTransformFunction()
    val differ = AsyncPagingDataDiffer(
      diffCallback = MyDiffCallback(),
      updateCallback = NoopListCallback(),
      workerDispatcher = Dispatchers.Main
    )

    // You don't need to use lifecycleScope.launch() if you're using
    // PagingData.from()
    differ.submitData(data)

    // Wait for transforms and the differ to process all updates.
    advanceUntilIdle()
    assertEquals(listOf(4, 16), differ.snapshot().items)
  }
}

List<Integer> data = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4);
PagingData<Integer> pagingData = PagingData.from(data);
PagingData<Integer> transformedData = myHelperTransformFunction(pagingData);

Executor executor = new CurrentThreadExecutor();
CoroutineDispatcher dispatcher = ExecutorsKt.from(executor);

AsyncPagingDataDiffer<Integer> differ = new AsyncPagingDataDiffer<Integer>(
  new MyDiffCallback(),
  new NoopListCallback(),
  dispatcher,
  dispatcher
);

TestLifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner =
    new TestLifecycleOwner(Lifecycle.State.RESUMED, dispatcher);

differ.submitData(lifecycleOwner.getLifecycle(), transformedData);

// Wait for submitData() to present some data.
while (differ.getItemCount() == 0) {
  Thread.sleep(100);
}

assertEquals(Arrays.asList(4, 16), differ.snapshot().getItems());

List<Integer> data = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4);
PagingData<Integer> pagingData = PagingData.from(data);
PagingData<Integer> transformedData = myHelperTransformFunction(pagingData);

Executor executor = new CurrentThreadExecutor();
CoroutineDispatcher dispatcher = ExecutorsKt.from(executor);

AsyncPagingDataDiffer<Integer> differ = new AsyncPagingDataDiffer<Integer>(
  new MyDiffCallback(),
  new NoopListCallback(),
  dispatcher,
  dispatcher
);

TestLifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner =
    new TestLifecycleOwner(Lifecycle.State.RESUMED, dispatcher);

differ.submitData(lifecycleOwner.getLifecycle(), transformedData);

// Wait for submitData() to present some data.
while (differ.getItemCount() == 0) {
  Thread.sleep(100);
}

assertEquals(Arrays.asList(4, 16), differ.snapshot().getItems());

端到端测试

单元测试可确保各个 Paging 组件在单独运行时可以正常工作，而端到端测试则可确保应用作为一个整体运行正常。这些测试仍需要一些模拟依赖项，但通常会涵盖您的大部分应用代码。

本部分中的示例使用模拟 API 依赖项，以避免在测试中使用网络。模拟 API 配置为返回一组一致的测试数据，从而使测试具有可重复性。根据每个依赖项的功能、输出的一致性以及测试所需的准确性，确定要为模拟实现换出哪些依赖项。

以方便换入依赖项模拟版本的方式编写代码。以下示例使用基本的服务定位器实现来按需提供和更改依赖项。在较大的应用中，使用 Hilt 等依赖项注入库，有助于管理更复杂的依赖项关系图。

class RedditActivityTest {

  companion object {
    private const val TEST_SUBREDDIT = "test"
  }

  private val postFactory = PostFactory()
  private val mockApi = MockRedditApi().apply {
    addPost(postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT))
    addPost(postFactory.createRedditPost(TEST_SUBREDDIT))
    addPost(postFactory.createRedditPost(TEST_SUBREDDIT))
  }

  @Before
  fun init() {
    val app = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext<Application>()
    // Use a controlled service locator with a mock API.
    ServiceLocator.swap(
      object : DefaultServiceLocator(app = app, useInMemoryDb = true) {
        override fun getRedditApi(): RedditApi = mockApi
      }
    )
  }
}

public class RedditActivityTest {

  public static final String TEST_SUBREDDIT = "test";

  private static PostFactory postFactory = new PostFactory();
  private static MockRedditApi mockApi = new MockRedditApi();

  static {
    mockApi.addPost(postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT));
    mockApi.addPost(postFactory.createRedditPost(TEST_SUBREDDIT));
    mockApi.addPost(postFactory.createRedditPost(TEST_SUBREDDIT));
  }

  @Before
  public void setup() {
    Application app = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
    // Use a controlled service locator with a mock API.
    ServiceLocator.Companion.swap(
      new DefaultServiceLocator(app, true) {
        @NotNull
        @Override
        public RedditApi getRedditApi() {
          return mockApi;
        }
      }
    );
  }
}

public class RedditActivityTest {

  public static final String TEST_SUBREDDIT = "test";

  private static PostFactory postFactory = new PostFactory();
  private static MockRedditApi mockApi = new MockRedditApi();

  static {
    mockApi.addPost(postFactory.createRedditPost(DEFAULT_SUBREDDIT));
    mockApi.addPost(postFactory.createRedditPost(TEST_SUBREDDIT));
    mockApi.addPost(postFactory.createRedditPost(TEST_SUBREDDIT));
  }

  @Before
  public void setup() {
    Application app = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
    // Use a controlled service locator with a mock API.
    ServiceLocator.Companion.swap(
      new DefaultServiceLocator(app, true) {
        @NotNull
        @Override
        public RedditApi getRedditApi() {
          return mockApi;
        }
      }
    );
  }
}

设置测试结构后，下一步是验证 Pager 实现返回的数据是否正确。应有一个测试来确保在页面首次加载时 Pager 对象会加载默认数据，还应有一个测试来验证 Pager 对象是否会根据用户输入正确加载其他数据。在以下示例中，测试会验证：当用户输入不同的 subreddit 进行搜索时，Pager 对象是否会使用从 API 返回的正确数量的项来更新 RecyclerView.Adapter。

@Test
fun loadsTheDefaultResults() {
    ActivityScenario.launch(RedditActivity::class.java)

    onView(withId(R.id.list)).check { view, noViewFoundException ->
        if (noViewFoundException != null) {
            throw noViewFoundException
        }

        val recyclerView = view as RecyclerView
        assertEquals(1, recyclerView.adapter?.itemCount)
    }
}

@Test
// Verify that the default data is swapped out when the user searches for a
// different subreddit.
fun loadsTheTestResultsWhenSearchingForSubreddit() {
  ActivityScenario.launch(RedditActivity::class.java )

  onView(withId(R.id.list)).check { view, noViewFoundException ->
    if (noViewFoundException != null) {
      throw noViewFoundException
    }

    val recyclerView = view as RecyclerView
    // Verify that it loads the default data first.
    assertEquals(1, recyclerView.adapter?.itemCount)
  }

  // Search for test subreddit instead of default to trigger new data load.
  onView(withId(R.id.input)).perform(
    replaceText(TEST_SUBREDDIT),
    pressKey(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_ENTER)
  )

  onView(withId(R.id.list)).check { view, noViewFoundException ->
    if (noViewFoundException != null) {
      throw noViewFoundException
    }

    val recyclerView = view as RecyclerView
    assertEquals(2, recyclerView.adapter?.itemCount)
  }
}

@Test
public void loadsTheDefaultResults() {
  ActivityScenario.launch(RedditActivity.class);

  onView(withId(R.id.list)).check((view, noViewFoundException) -> {
    if (noViewFoundException != null) {
      throw noViewFoundException;
    }

    RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) view;
    assertEquals(1, recyclerView.getAdapter().getItemCount());
  });
}

@Test
// Verify that the default data is swapped out when the user searches for a
// different subreddit.
public void loadsTheTestResultsWhenSearchingForSubreddit() {
  ActivityScenario.launch(RedditActivity.class);

  onView(withId(R.id.list)).check((view, noViewFoundException) -> {
    if (noViewFoundException != null) {
      throw noViewFoundException;
    }

    RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) view;
    // Verify that it loads the default data first.
    assertEquals(1, recyclerView.getAdapter().getItemCount());
  });

  // Search for test subreddit instead of default to trigger new data load.
  onView(withId(R.id.input)).perform(
    replaceText(TEST_SUBREDDIT),
    pressKey(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_ENTER)
  );

  onView(withId(R.id.list)).check((view, noViewFoundException) -> {
    if (noViewFoundException != null) {
      throw noViewFoundException;
    }

    RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) view;
    assertEquals(2, recyclerView.getAdapter().getItemCount());
  });
}

@Test
public void loadsTheDefaultResults() {
  ActivityScenario.launch(RedditActivity.class);

  onView(withId(R.id.list)).check((view, noViewFoundException) -> {
    if (noViewFoundException != null) {
      throw noViewFoundException;
    }

    RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) view;
    assertEquals(1, recyclerView.getAdapter().getItemCount());
  });
}

@Test
// Verify that the default data is swapped out when the user searches for a
// different subreddit.
public void loadsTheTestResultsWhenSearchingForSubreddit() {
  ActivityScenario.launch(RedditActivity.class);

  onView(withId(R.id.list)).check((view, noViewFoundException) -> {
    if (noViewFoundException != null) {
      throw noViewFoundException;
    }

    RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) view;
    // Verify that it loads the default data first.
    assertEquals(1, recyclerView.getAdapter().getItemCount());
  });

  // Search for test subreddit instead of default to trigger new data load.
  onView(withId(R.id.input)).perform(
    replaceText(TEST_SUBREDDIT),
    pressKey(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_ENTER)
  );

  onView(withId(R.id.list)).check((view, noViewFoundException) -> {
    if (noViewFoundException != null) {
      throw noViewFoundException;
    }

    RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) view;
    assertEquals(2, recyclerView.getAdapter().getItemCount());
  });
}

插桩测试应验证数据是否在界面中正确显示。您可以通过以下两种方式之一来实现此目的：验证 RecyclerView.Adapter 中是否存在正确数量的项，或者遍历各个行视图并验证数据格式是否正确。