Tetap teratur dengan koleksi
Simpan dan kategorikan konten berdasarkan preferensi Anda.
Panduan ini dibuat berdasarkan ringkasan Library
Paging, yang menjelaskan cara menyajikan
daftar informasi kepada pengguna di UI aplikasi Anda, terutama saat
informasi ini berubah.
classConcertActivity:AppCompatActivity(){privatevaladapter=ConcertAdapter()// Use the 'by viewModels()' Kotlin property delegate// from the activity-ktx artifactprivatevalviewModel:ConcertViewModelbyviewModels()overridefunonCreate(savedInstanceState:Bundle?){super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);viewModel.concerts.observe(this,Observer{adapter.submitList(it)})}}
Karena sumber data menyediakan instance
PagedList baru, aktivitas akan mengirim
objek ini ke adaptor. Implementasi
PagedListAdapter
menentukan cara update dikomputasi, serta otomatis menangani
paging dan diffing daftar. Oleh karena itu,
ViewHolder
hanya perlu mengikat data ke item tertentu yang disediakan:
Kotlin
classConcertAdapter():PagedListAdapter<Concert,ConcertViewHolder>(DIFF_CALLBACK){overridefunonBindViewHolder(holder:ConcertViewHolder,position:Int){valconcert:Concert? =getItem(position)// Note that "concert" is a placeholder if it's null.holder.bindTo(concert)}companionobject{privatevalDIFF_CALLBACK=...// See Implement the diffing callback section.}}
Java
publicclassConcertAdapterextendsPagedListAdapter<Concert,ConcertViewHolder>{protectedConcertAdapter(){super(DIFF_CALLBACK);}@OverridepublicvoidonBindViewHolder(@NonNullConcertViewHolderholder,intposition){Concertconcert=getItem(position);// Note that "concert" can be null if it's a placeholder.holder.bindTo(concert);}privatestaticDiffUtil.ItemCallback<Concert>DIFF_CALLBACK=...// See Implement the diffing callback section.}
Contoh berikut menunjukkan implementasi manual
areContentsTheSame(),
yang membandingkan kolom-kolom objek yang relevan:
Kotlin
privatevalDIFF_CALLBACK=object:DiffUtil.ItemCallback<Concert>(){// The ID property identifies when items are the same.overridefunareItemsTheSame(oldItem:Concert,newItem:Concert)=oldItem.id==newItem.id// If you use the "==" operator, make sure that the object implements// .equals(). Alternatively, write custom data comparison logic here.overridefunareContentsTheSame(oldItem:Concert,newItem:Concert)=oldItem==newItem}
Java
privatestaticDiffUtil.ItemCallback<Concert>DIFF_CALLBACK=newDiffUtil.ItemCallback<Concert>(){@OverridepublicbooleanareItemsTheSame(ConcertoldItem,ConcertnewItem){// The ID property identifies when items are the same.returnoldItem.getId()==newItem.getId();}@OverridepublicbooleanareContentsTheSame(ConcertoldItem,ConcertnewItem){// Don't use the "==" operator here. Either implement and use .equals(),// or write custom data comparison logic here.returnoldItem.equals(newItem);}};
Karena adaptor Anda menyertakan definisi untuk membandingkan item, adaptor
akan otomatis mendeteksi perubahan pada item ini saat objek PagedList baru
dimuat. Akibatnya, adaptor memicu animasi item yang efisien dalam
objek RecyclerView Anda.
Menjalankan diffing menggunakan jenis adaptor berbeda
Jika memilih untuk tidak mewarisi dari
PagedListAdapter—seperti saat
Anda menggunakan library yang menyediakan adaptornya sendiri—Anda masih dapat menggunakan
fungsi diffing adaptor Library Paging dengan menangani objek
AsyncPagedListDiffer
secara langsung.
Menyediakan placeholder di UI Anda
Jika ingin UI Anda menampilkan daftar sebelum aplikasi selesai
mengambil data, Anda dapat menampilkan item daftar placeholder kepada pengguna. PagedList
menangani kasus ini dengan
menyajikan data item daftar sebagai null sampai data tersebut dimuat.
Placeholder memiliki manfaat sebagai berikut:
Dukungan untuk scroll bar:PagedList
memberikan jumlah
item daftar ke
PagedListAdapter. Dengan
informasi ini, adaptor dapat menggambar scroll bar yang menunjukkan ukuran penuh
daftar. Saat halaman baru dimuat, scroll bar tidak akan melompat karena daftar
tidak berubah ukuran.
Tidak perlu menampilkan indikator lingkaran berputar pemuatan: Karena ukuran daftar sudah diketahui,
tidak perlu memberi tahu pengguna bahwa ada item lain yang dimuat. Placeholder
itu sendiri sudah menyampaikan informasi tersebut.
Sebelum menambahkan dukungan untuk placeholder, perhatikan
prasyarat berikut:
Diperlukan set data yang dapat dihitung: Instance
DataSource dari library
persistensi Room dapat menghitung itemnya sendiri
secara efisien. Namun, jika Anda menggunakan solusi penyimpanan lokal kustom atau arsitektur data
khusus jaringan,
mungkin perlu banyak biaya atau bahkan tidak mungkin untuk menentukan jumlah item yang
menyusun set data Anda.
Diperlukan adaptor untuk memperhitungkan item yang tidak dimuat: Adaptor atau
mekanisme presentasi yang Anda gunakan untuk menyiapkan perluasan daftar harus dapat
menangani item daftar null. Misalnya, saat mengikat data ke
ViewHolder,
Anda harus memberikan nilai default untuk mewakili data yang tidak dimuat.
Diperlukan tampilan item yang berukuran sama: Jika ukuran item daftar dapat berubah berdasarkan
kontennya, misalnya seperti update jaringan sosial, crossfading antar-item
bukanlah solusi yang tepat. Dalam hal ini, sebaiknya nonaktifkan placeholder.
Berikan masukan
Sampaikan masukan dan ide Anda kepada kami melalui resource berikut:
Konten dan contoh kode di halaman ini tunduk kepada lisensi yang dijelaskan dalam Lisensi Konten. Java dan OpenJDK adalah merek dagang atau merek dagang terdaftar dari Oracle dan/atau afiliasinya.
Terakhir diperbarui pada 2025-07-27 UTC.
[[["Mudah dipahami","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Memecahkan masalah saya","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Lainnya","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Informasi yang saya butuhkan tidak ada","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["Terlalu rumit/langkahnya terlalu banyak","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["Sudah usang","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["Masalah terjemahan","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Masalah kode / contoh","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["Lainnya","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Terakhir diperbarui pada 2025-07-27 UTC."],[],[],null,["# Display paged lists\n\nThis guide builds upon the [Paging Library\noverview](/topic/libraries/architecture/paging), describing how you can\npresent lists of information to users in your app's UI, particularly when this\ninformation changes.\n| **Caution:** This guide covers an older, deprecated version of the Paging library. For more information about the latest stable version of Paging, see the [Paging\n| 3 guides](/topic/libraries/architecture/paging/v3-overview).\n\nConnect your UI to your view model\n----------------------------------\n\nYou can connect an instance of\n[`LiveData\u003cPagedList\u003e`](/reference/androidx/lifecycle/LiveData) to a\n[`PagedListAdapter`](/reference/androidx/paging/PagedListAdapter), as shown\nin the following code snippet: \n\n### Kotlin\n\n```kotlin\nclass ConcertActivity : AppCompatActivity() {\n private val adapter = ConcertAdapter()\n\n // Use the 'by viewModels()' Kotlin property delegate\n // from the activity-ktx artifact\n private val viewModel: ConcertViewModel by viewModels()\n\n override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {\n super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);\n viewModel.concerts.observe(this, Observer { adapter.submitList(it) })\n }\n}\n```\n\n### Java\n\n```java\npublic class ConcertActivity extends AppCompatActivity {\n private ConcertAdapter adapter = new ConcertAdapter();\n private ConcertViewModel viewModel;\n\n @Override\n public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {\n super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);\n viewModel = new ViewModelProvider(this).get(ConcertViewModel.class);\n viewModel.concertList.observe(this, adapter::submitList);\n }\n}\n```\n\nAs data sources provide new instances of\n[`PagedList`](/reference/androidx/paging/PagedList), the activity sends\nthese objects to the adapter. The\n[`PagedListAdapter`](/reference/androidx/paging/PagedListAdapter)\nimplementation defines how updates are computed, and it automatically handles\npaging and list diffing. Therefore, your\n[`ViewHolder`](/reference/androidx/recyclerview/widget/RecyclerView.ViewHolder)\nonly needs to bind to a particular provided item: \n\n### Kotlin\n\n```kotlin\nclass ConcertAdapter() :\n PagedListAdapter\u003cConcert, ConcertViewHolder\u003e(DIFF_CALLBACK) {\n override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: ConcertViewHolder, position: Int) {\n val concert: Concert? = getItem(position)\n\n // Note that \"concert\" is a placeholder if it's null.\n holder.bindTo(concert)\n }\n\n companion object {\n private val DIFF_CALLBACK = ... // See #implement-diffing-callback section.\n }\n}\n```\n\n### Java\n\n```java\npublic class ConcertAdapter\n extends PagedListAdapter\u003cConcert, ConcertViewHolder\u003e {\n protected ConcertAdapter() {\n super(DIFF_CALLBACK);\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull ConcertViewHolder holder,\n int position) {\n Concert concert = getItem(position);\n\n // Note that \"concert\" can be null if it's a placeholder.\n holder.bindTo(concert);\n }\n\n private static DiffUtil.ItemCallback\u003cConcert\u003e DIFF_CALLBACK\n = ... // See #implement-diffing-callback section.\n}\n```\n\nThe [`PagedListAdapter`](/reference/androidx/paging/PagedListAdapter)\nhandles page load events using a\n[`PagedList.Callback`](/reference/androidx/paging/PagedList.Callback)\nobject. As the user scrolls, the `PagedListAdapter` calls\n[`PagedList.loadAround()`](/reference/androidx/paging/PagedList#loadaround)\nto provide hints to the underlying\n[`PagedList`](/reference/androidx/paging/PagedList) as to\nwhich items it should fetch from the\n[`DataSource`](/reference/androidx/paging/DataSource).\n| **Note:** [`PagedList`](/reference/androidx/paging/PagedList) is content-immutable. This means that, although new content can be loaded into an instance of `PagedList`, the loaded items themselves cannot change once loaded. As such, if content in a `PagedList` updates, the [`PagedListAdapter`](/reference/androidx/paging/PagedListAdapter) object receives a completely new `PagedList` that contains the updated information.\n\nImplement the diffing callback\n------------------------------\n\nThe following sample shows a manual implementation of\n[`areContentsTheSame()`](/reference/androidx/recyclerview/widget/DiffUtil.ItemCallback#arecontentsthesame),\nwhich compares relevant object fields: \n\n### Kotlin\n\n```kotlin\nprivate val DIFF_CALLBACK = object : DiffUtil.ItemCallback\u003cConcert\u003e() {\n // The ID property identifies when items are the same.\n override fun areItemsTheSame(oldItem: Concert, newItem: Concert) =\n oldItem.id == newItem.id\n\n // If you use the \"==\" operator, make sure that the object implements\n // .equals(). Alternatively, write custom data comparison logic here.\n override fun areContentsTheSame(\n oldItem: Concert, newItem: Concert) = oldItem == newItem\n}\n```\n\n### Java\n\n```java\nprivate static DiffUtil.ItemCallback\u003cConcert\u003e DIFF_CALLBACK =\n new DiffUtil.ItemCallback\u003cConcert\u003e() {\n\n @Override\n public boolean areItemsTheSame(Concert oldItem, Concert newItem) {\n // The ID property identifies when items are the same.\n return oldItem.getId() == newItem.getId();\n }\n\n @Override\n public boolean areContentsTheSame(Concert oldItem, Concert newItem) {\n // Don't use the \"==\" operator here. Either implement and use .equals(),\n // or write custom data comparison logic here.\n return oldItem.equals(newItem);\n }\n};\n```\n\nBecause your adapter includes your definition of comparing items, the adapter\nautomatically detects changes to these items when a new `PagedList` object is\nloaded. As a result, the adapter triggers efficient item animations within your\n`RecyclerView` object.\n\nDiffing using a different adapter type\n--------------------------------------\n\nIf you choose not to inherit from\n[`PagedListAdapter`](/reference/androidx/paging/PagedListAdapter)---such as\nwhen you're using a library that provides its own adapter---you can still use the\nPaging Library adapter's diffing functionality by working directly with an\n[`AsyncPagedListDiffer`](/reference/androidx/paging/AsyncPagedListDiffer)\nobject.\n\nProvide placeholders in your UI\n-------------------------------\n\nIn cases where you want your UI to display a list before your app has finished\nfetching data, you can show placeholder list items to your users. The\n[`PagedList`](/reference/androidx/paging/PagedList) handles this case by\npresenting the list item data as `null` until the data is loaded.\n| **Note:** By default, the Paging Library enables this placeholder behavior.\n\nPlaceholders have the following benefits:\n\n- **Support for scrollbars:** The [`PagedList`](/reference/androidx/paging/PagedList) provides the number of list items to the [`PagedListAdapter`](/reference/androidx/paging/PagedListAdapter). This information allows the adapter to draw a scrollbar that conveys the full size of the list. As new pages load, the scrollbar doesn't jump because your list doesn't change size.\n- **No loading spinner necessary:** Because the list size is already known, there's no need to alert users that more items are loading. The placeholders themselves convey that information.\n\nBefore adding support for placeholders, though, keep the following\npreconditions in mind:\n\n- **Requires a countable data set:** Instances of [`DataSource`](/reference/androidx/paging/DataSource) from the [Room\n persistence library](/topic/libraries/architecture/room) can efficiently count their items. If you're using a custom local storage solution or a [network-only\n data architecture](/topic/libraries/architecture/paging#network-only-data-arch), however, it might be expensive or even impossible to determine how many items comprise your data set.\n- **Requires adapter to account for unloaded items:** The adapter or presentation mechanism that you use to prepare the list for inflation needs to handle null list items. For example, when binding data to a [`ViewHolder`](/reference/androidx/recyclerview/widget/RecyclerView.ViewHolder), you need to provide default values to represent unloaded data.\n- **Requires same-sized item views:** If list item sizes can change based on their content, such as social networking updates, crossfading between items doesn't look good. We strongly suggest disabling placeholders in this case.\n\nProvide feedback\n----------------\n\nShare your feedback and ideas with us through these resources:\n\n[Issue tracker](https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/new?component=413106&template=1096385) :bug:\n: Report issues so we can fix bugs.\n\nAdditional resources\n--------------------\n\nTo learn more about the Paging Library, consult the\nfollowing resources.\n\n### Samples\n\n- [Android Architecture Components Paging\n sample](https://github.com/android/architecture-components-samples/tree/paging2/PagingSample)\n- [Paging With Network Sample](https://github.com/android/architecture-components-samples/tree/paging2/PagingWithNetworkSample)\n\n### Codelabs\n\n- [Android Paging codelab](https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/android-paging/index.html?index=..%2F..%2Findex#0)\n\n### Videos\n\n- [Android Jetpack: manage infinite lists with RecyclerView and Paging\n (Google I/O '18)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BE5bsyGGLf4)\n- [Android Jetpack: Paging](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVMqCRs0BNA)\n\nRecommended for you\n-------------------\n\n- Note: link text is displayed when JavaScript is off\n- [Paging 2 library overview](/topic/libraries/architecture/paging)\n- [Migrate to Paging 3](/topic/libraries/architecture/paging/v3-migration)\n- [Gather paged data](/topic/libraries/architecture/paging/data)"]]