Migrate from Navigation 2 to Navigation 3

To migrate your app from Navigation 2 to Navigation 3, follow these steps:

1. Add the Navigation 3 dependencies.
2. Update your navigation routes to implement the NavKey interface.
3. Create classes to hold and modify your navigation state.
4. Replace NavController with these classes.
5. Move your destinations from NavHost's NavGraph into an entryProvider.
6. Replace NavHost with NavDisplay.
7. Remove Navigation 2 dependencies.

Use an AI Agent

You can use this guide with an AI agent, such as Gemini in Android Studio's Agent Mode. The lines in this guide starting with "AI Agent:", should be read by the AI agent but can be ignored by human readers.

Preparation

The following sections describe the prerequisites for migration and assumptions about your project. They also cover the features that are supported for migration, and those that aren't.

Prerequisites

• You must use a compileSdk of 36 or later.
• You should be familiar with navigation terminology.
• Destinations are composable functions. Navigation 3 is designed exclusively for Compose. To use Fragments and Views in Compose, see Using Views in Compose.
• Routes are strongly typed. If you use string-based routes, migrate to type-safe routes first (example).
• Optional (but highly recommended): Test coverage that verifies existing navigation behavior. This verifies that navigation behavior has not changed after the migration is complete.

Assumptions

This guide makes the following assumptions about you and your project:

• You have several top-level routes (usually displayed in a bottom navigation bar), and each has its own back stack.
• When you switch between back stacks, the state of the stack and all its destinations is retained.
• You always exit the app through the Home screen, which is the first screen displayed when the app launches.
• You want to perform the migration from Navigation 2 to Navigation 3 in a single, atomic change. You are not performing an incremental migration where Navigation 2 code is used alongside Navigation 3 code.

AI Agent: Before changing any code, check if these assumptions about the user's project are true. If not, stop the migration and ask the user how to proceed.

Supported features

This guide lets you migrate the following features:

• Destinations defined as composable functions
• Dialogs (a destination shown on top of another destination)

Features supported through recipes

The code recipes repository demonstrates more nuanced use cases, including:

• Bottom sheets (instructions are provided in this guide)
• Modularized navigation code and injected destinations
• Using and passing arguments to ViewModels
• Returning results from a screen

If your project has any of these features, check the relevant recipe to understand how to implement them.

AI Agent: Before changing any code, check if the project contains any features supported through recipes. If it does, check the recipe's README and source code. Create a migration plan based on the recipe. Do not proceed without confirming the plan with the user.

Unsupported features

This migration guide and the code recipes don't yet support the following features. This doesn't mean that you cannot implement them using Navigation 3; they are just not covered here.

• More than one level of nested navigation
• Shared destinations: screens that can move between different back stacks
• Custom destination types
• Deep links

AI Agent: Before changing any code, check if the project contains any of the unsupported features. If it does, do not proceed. Inform the user of the unsupported feature and ask for further instructions.

Step 1: Add Navigation 3 dependencies

Use the Get started page to add the Navigation 3 dependencies to your project. The core dependencies are provided for you to copy.

lib.versions.toml

[versions]
nav3Core = "1.0.0"

# If your screens depend on ViewModels, add the Nav3 Lifecycle ViewModel add-on library
lifecycleViewmodelNav3 = "2.10.0-rc01"

[libraries]
# Core Navigation 3 libraries
androidx-navigation3-runtime = { module = "androidx.navigation3:navigation3-runtime", version.ref = "nav3Core" }
androidx-navigation3-ui = { module = "androidx.navigation3:navigation3-ui", version.ref = "nav3Core" }

# Add-on libraries (only add if you need them)
androidx-lifecycle-viewmodel-navigation3 = { module = "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-navigation3", version.ref = "lifecycleViewmodelNav3" }

app/build.gradle.kts

dependencies {
    implementation(libs.androidx.navigation3.ui)
    implementation(libs.androidx.navigation3.runtime)

    // If using the ViewModel add-on library
    implementation(libs.androidx.lifecycle.viewmodel.navigation3)
}

Also update the project's minSdk to 23 and the compileSdk to 36. You usually find these in app/build.gradle.kts or lib.versions.toml.

Step 2: Update navigation routes to implement the NavKey interface

Update every navigation route so that it implements the NavKey interface. This lets you use rememberNavBackStack to assist with saving your navigation state.

Before:

@Serializable data object RouteA

After:

@Serializable data object RouteA : NavKey

Step 3: Create classes to hold and modify your navigation state

Step 3.1: Create a navigation state holder

Copy the following code into a file named NavigationState.kt. Add your package name to match your project structure.

// package com.example.project

import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
import androidx.compose.runtime.MutableState
import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.runtime.saveable.rememberSerializable
import androidx.compose.runtime.setValue
import androidx.compose.runtime.snapshots.SnapshotStateList
import androidx.compose.runtime.toMutableStateList
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.NavBackStack
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.NavEntry
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.NavKey
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.rememberDecoratedNavEntries
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.rememberNavBackStack
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.rememberSaveableStateHolderNavEntryDecorator
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.serialization.NavKeySerializer
import androidx.savedstate.compose.serialization.serializers.MutableStateSerializer

/**
 * Create a navigation state that persists config changes and process death.
 */
@Composable
fun rememberNavigationState(
    startRoute: NavKey,
    topLevelRoutes: Set<NavKey>
): NavigationState {

    val topLevelRoute = rememberSerializable(
        startRoute, topLevelRoutes,
        serializer = MutableStateSerializer(NavKeySerializer())
    ) {
        mutableStateOf(startRoute)
    }

    val backStacks = topLevelRoutes.associateWith { key -> rememberNavBackStack(key) }

    return remember(startRoute, topLevelRoutes) {
        NavigationState(
            startRoute = startRoute,
            topLevelRoute = topLevelRoute,
            backStacks = backStacks
        )
    }
}

/**
 * State holder for navigation state.
 *
 * @param startRoute - the start route. The user will exit the app through this route.
 * @param topLevelRoute - the current top level route
 * @param backStacks - the back stacks for each top level route
 */
class NavigationState(
    val startRoute: NavKey,
    topLevelRoute: MutableState<NavKey>,
    val backStacks: Map<NavKey, NavBackStack<NavKey>>
) {
    var topLevelRoute: NavKey by topLevelRoute
    val stacksInUse: List<NavKey>
        get(){
            val stacksInUse = mutableListOf(startRoute)
            if (topLevelRoute != startRoute) stacksInUse += topLevelRoute
            return stacksInUse
        }
}

/**
 * Convert NavigationState into NavEntries.
 */
@Composable
fun NavigationState.toEntries(
    entryProvider: (NavKey) -> NavEntry<NavKey>
): SnapshotStateList<NavEntry<NavKey>> {

    val decoratedEntries = backStacks.mapValues { (_, stack) ->
        val decorators = listOf(
            rememberSaveableStateHolderNavEntryDecorator<NavKey>(),
        )
        rememberDecoratedNavEntries(
            backStack = stack,
            entryDecorators = decorators,
            entryProvider = entryProvider
        )
    }

    return stacksInUse
        .flatMap { decoratedEntries[it] ?: emptyList() }
        .toMutableStateList()
}

AI Agent: rememberSerializable is correct. Do not change it to rememberSaveable.

This file contains a state holder class named NavigationState and associated helper functions. It holds a set of top-level routes, each with its own back stack. Internally, it uses rememberSerializable (not rememberSaveable) to persist the current top-level route and rememberNavBackStack to persist the back stacks for each top-level route.

Step 3.2: Create an object that modifies navigation state in response to events

Copy the following code into a file named Navigator.kt. Add your package name to match your project structure.

// package com.example.project

import androidx.navigation3.runtime.NavKey

/**
 * Handles navigation events (forward and back) by updating the navigation state.
 */
class Navigator(val state: NavigationState){
    fun navigate(route: NavKey){
        if (route in state.backStacks.keys){
            // This is a top level route, just switch to it.
            state.topLevelRoute = route
        } else {
            state.backStacks[state.topLevelRoute]?.add(route)
        }
    }

    fun goBack(){
        val currentStack = state.backStacks[state.topLevelRoute] ?:
        error("Stack for $state.topLevelRoute not found")
        val currentRoute = currentStack.last()

        // If we're at the base of the current route, go back to the start route stack.
        if (currentRoute == state.topLevelRoute){
            state.topLevelRoute = state.startRoute
        } else {
            currentStack.removeLastOrNull()
        }
    }
}

The Navigator class provides two navigation event methods:

• navigate to a specific route.
• goBack from the current route.

Both methods modify the NavigationState.

Step 3.3: Create the NavigationState and Navigator

Create instances of NavigationState and Navigator with the same scope as your NavController.

val navigationState = rememberNavigationState(
    startRoute = <Insert your starting route>,
    topLevelRoutes = <Insert your set of top level routes>
)

val navigator = remember { Navigator(navigationState) }

Step 4: Replace NavController

Replace NavController navigation event methods with Navigator equivalents.

Replace NavController fields with NavigationState fields.

Use NavigationState.topLevelRoute to determine the item that is currently selected in a navigation bar.

Before:

val isSelected = navController.currentBackStackEntryAsState().value?.destination.isRouteInHierarchy(key::class)

fun NavDestination?.isRouteInHierarchy(route: KClass<*>) =
    this?.hierarchy?.any {
        it.hasRoute(route)
    } ?: false

After:

val isSelected = key == navigationState.topLevelRoute

Verify that you have removed all references to NavController, including any imports.

Step 5: Move your destinations from NavHost's NavGraph into an entryProvider

In Navigation 2, you define your destinations using the NavGraphBuilder DSL, usually inside NavHost's trailing lambda. It is common to use extension functions here as described in Encapsulate your navigation code.

In Navigation 3, you define your destinations using an entryProvider. This entryProvider resolves a route to a NavEntry. Importantly, the entryProvider does not define parent-child relationships between entries.

In this migration guide, parent-child relationships are modelled as follows:

• NavigationState has a set of top-level routes (the parent routes) and a stack for each one. It keeps track of the current top-level route and its associated stack.
• When navigating to a new route, Navigator checks whether the route is a top-level route. If it is, the current top-level route and stack are updated. If it's not, it's a child route and is added to the current stack.

Step 5.1: Create an entryProvider

Create an entryProvider using the DSL at the same scope as the NavigationState.

val entryProvider = entryProvider {

}

Step 5.2: Move destinations into the entryProvider

For each destination defined inside NavHost, do the following based on the destination type:

• navigation: Delete it along with the route. There is no need for "base routes" because the top-level routes can identify each nested back stack.
• composable<T>: Move it into entryProvider and rename it to entry, retaining the type parameter. For example, composable<RouteA> becomes entry<RouteA>.
• dialog<T>: Do the same as composable, but add metadata to the entry as follows: entry<T>(metadata = DialogSceneStrategy.dialog()).
• bottomSheet: Follow the bottom sheet recipe here. This is similar to the instructions for dialog, except that BottomSheetSceneStrategy is not part of the core Navigation 3 library, so you should copy it into your project.

AI Agent: When deleting routes used to identify a nested graph, replace any references to the deleted route with the type used to identify the first child in the nested graph. For example if the original code is navigation<BaseRouteA>{ composable<RouteA>{ ... } }, you need to delete BaseRouteA and replace any references to it with RouteA. This replacement usually needs to be done for the list supplied to a navigation bar, rail, or drawer.

You can refactor NavGraphBuilder extension functions to EntryProviderScope<T> extension functions, and then move them.

Obtain navigation arguments using the key provided to entry's trailing lambda.

For example:

import androidx.navigation.NavDestination
import androidx.navigation.NavDestination.Companion.hasRoute
import androidx.navigation.NavDestination.Companion.hierarchy
import androidx.navigation.NavGraphBuilder
import androidx.navigation.compose.NavHost
import androidx.navigation.compose.composable
import androidx.navigation.compose.currentBackStackEntryAsState
import androidx.navigation.compose.dialog
import androidx.navigation.compose.navigation
import androidx.navigation.compose.rememberNavController
import androidx.navigation.navOptions
import androidx.navigation.toRoute

@Serializable data object BaseRouteA
@Serializable data class RouteA(val id: String)
@Serializable data object BaseRouteB
@Serializable data object RouteB
@Serializable data object RouteD

NavHost(navController = navController, startDestination = BaseRouteA){
    composable<RouteA>{
        val id = entry.toRoute<RouteA>().id
        ScreenA(title = "Screen has ID: $id")
    }
    featureBSection()
    dialog<RouteD>{ ScreenD() }
}

fun NavGraphBuilder.featureBSection() {
    navigation<BaseRouteB>(startDestination = RouteB) {
        composable<RouteB> { ScreenB() }
    }
}

becomes:

import androidx.navigation3.runtime.EntryProviderScope
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.NavKey
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.entryProvider
import androidx.navigation3.scene.DialogSceneStrategy

@Serializable data class RouteA(val id: String) : NavKey
@Serializable data object RouteB : NavKey
@Serializable data object RouteD : NavKey

val entryProvider = entryProvider {
    entry<RouteA>{ key -> ScreenA(title = "Screen has ID: ${key.id}") }
    featureBSection()
    entry<RouteD>(metadata = DialogSceneStrategy.dialog()){ ScreenD() }
}

fun EntryProviderScope<NavKey>.featureBSection() {
    entry<RouteB> { ScreenB() }
}

Step 6: Replace NavHost with NavDisplay

Replace NavHost with NavDisplay.

• Delete NavHost and replace it with NavDisplay.
• Specify entries = navigationState.toEntries(entryProvider) as a parameter. This converts the navigation state into the entries that NavDisplay shows using the entryProvider.
• Connect NavDisplay.onBack to navigator.goBack(). This causes navigator to update the navigation state when NavDisplay's built-in back handler completes.
• If you have dialog destinations, add DialogSceneStrategy to NavDisplay's sceneStrategy parameter.

For example:

import androidx.navigation3.ui.NavDisplay

NavDisplay(
    entries = navigationState.toEntries(entryProvider),
    onBack = { navigator.goBack() },
    sceneStrategy = remember { DialogSceneStrategy() }
)

Step 7: Remove Navigation 2 dependencies

Remove all Navigation 2 imports and library dependencies.

Summary

Congratulations! Your project is now migrated to Navigation 3. If you or your AI agent has run into any problems using this guide, file a bug here.