调试 fragment

使用集合让一切井井有条 根据您的偏好保存内容并对其进行分类。

本指南将介绍可用于调试 fragment 的工具。

FragmentManager 日志记录

FragmentManager 能够向 Logcat 发出各种消息。默认情况下,此工具处于停用状态,以避免向 Logcat 添加噪声,但有时这些日志消息可以帮助您排查与 fragment 相关的问题。FragmentManager 会在“调试”和“详细”日志级别发出最有意义的输出。

您可以使用 adb shell 命令来启用日志记录:

adb shell setprop log.tag.FragmentManager DEBUG

或者,您也可以启用详细日志记录:

adb shell setprop log.tag.FragmentManager VERBOSE

如果您启用详细日志记录,随后可以在 Logcat 窗口中应用日志级别过滤器。不过,这样将过滤所有日志,而不仅仅是 FragmentManager 日志。通常,最好只在您需要的日志级别启用 FragmentManager 日志记录。

DEBUG 日志记录

DEBUG 级别,FragmentManager 通常发出与生命周期状态变化相关的日志消息。每个日志条目都包含来自 FragmenttoString() 转储。日志条目包含以下信息:

  • Fragment 实例的简单类名称。
  • Fragment 实例的身份哈希代码
  • Fragment 实例的 FragmentManager 的唯一 ID。此 ID 在配置更改以及进程终止并重新创建后保持不变。
  • Fragment 添加到的容器的 ID(但只有在设置了该 ID 时)。
  • Fragment 标记(但只有在设置了该标记时)。
D/FragmentManager: moveto ATTACHED: NavHostFragment{92d8f1d} (fd92599e-c349-4660-b2d6-0ece9ec72f7b id=0x7f080116)

您可以通过以下内容识别 fragment:

  • Fragment 类为 NavHostFragment.
  • 身份哈希代码为 92d8f1d
  • 唯一 ID 为 fd92599e-c349-4660-b2d6-0ece9ec72f7b
  • 容器 ID 为 0x7f080116
  • 省略了标记,因为未设置任何标记。如果标记存在,它将跟在 ID 后面,格式为 tag=tag_value

为了简洁易读,在下面的示例中缩短了 UUID。

此处,我们看到先初始化了 NavHostFragment,然后创建了类型为 FirstFragmentstartDestination Fragment,并且它过渡到 RESUMED 状态:

D/FragmentManager: moveto ATTACHED: NavHostFragment{92d8f1d} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager:   mName=null mIndex=-1 mCommitted=false
D/FragmentManager:   Operations:
D/FragmentManager:     Op #0: SET_PRIMARY_NAV NavHostFragment{92d8f1d} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto CREATED: NavHostFragment{92d8f1d} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager:   mName=null mIndex=-1 mCommitted=false
D/FragmentManager:   Operations:
D/FragmentManager:     Op #0: REPLACE FirstFragment{ccd2189} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager:     Op #1: SET_PRIMARY_NAV FirstFragment{ccd2189} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto ATTACHED: FirstFragment{ccd2189} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto CREATED: FirstFragment{ccd2189} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto CREATE_VIEW: NavHostFragment{92d8f1d} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto CREATE_VIEW: FirstFragment{ccd2189} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto ACTIVITY_CREATED: NavHostFragment{92d8f1d} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto RESTORE_VIEW_STATE: NavHostFragment{92d8f1d} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto ACTIVITY_CREATED: FirstFragment{ccd2189} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto RESTORE_VIEW_STATE: FirstFragment{ccd2189} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto STARTED: NavHostFragment{92d8f1d} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto STARTED: FirstFragment{ccd2189} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto RESUMED: NavHostFragment{92d8f1d} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto RESUMED: FirstFragment{ccd2189} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)

在用户互动之后,我们看到 FirstFragment 从各种生命周期状态中过渡出来。然后,SecondFragment 进行了实例化,并过渡到 RESUMED 状态:

D/FragmentManager:   mName=07c8a5e8-54a3-4e21-b2cc-c8efc37c4cf5 mIndex=-1 mCommitted=false
D/FragmentManager:   Operations:
D/FragmentManager:     Op #0: REPLACE SecondFragment{84132db} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager:     Op #1: SET_PRIMARY_NAV SecondFragment{84132db} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: movefrom RESUMED: FirstFragment{ccd2189} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: movefrom STARTED: FirstFragment{ccd2189} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: movefrom ACTIVITY_CREATED: FirstFragment{ccd2189} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto ATTACHED: SecondFragment{84132db} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto CREATED: SecondFragment{84132db} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto CREATE_VIEW: SecondFragment{84132db} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto ACTIVITY_CREATED: SecondFragment{84132db} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto RESTORE_VIEW_STATE: SecondFragment{84132db} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto STARTED: SecondFragment{84132db} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: movefrom CREATE_VIEW: FirstFragment{ccd2189} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)
D/FragmentManager: moveto RESUMED: SecondFragment{84132db} (<UUID> id=0x7f080116)

所有 fragment 实例都带有一个标识符作为后缀,这样您就可以跟踪同一 Fragment 类的不同实例。

VERBOSE 日志记录

VERBOSE 级别,FragmentManager 通常发出与其内部状态有关的日志消息:

V/FragmentManager: Run: BackStackEntry{f9d3ff3}
V/FragmentManager: add: NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: Added fragment to active set NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 1 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
D/FragmentManager: moveto ATTACHED: NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: Commit: BackStackEntry{5cfd2ae}
D/FragmentManager:   mName=null mIndex=-1 mCommitted=false
D/FragmentManager:   Operations:
D/FragmentManager:     Op #0: SET_PRIMARY_NAV NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 1 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
D/FragmentManager: moveto CREATED: NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: Commit: BackStackEntry{e93833f}
D/FragmentManager:   mName=null mIndex=-1 mCommitted=false
D/FragmentManager:   Operations:
D/FragmentManager:     Op #0: REPLACE FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
D/FragmentManager:     Op #1: SET_PRIMARY_NAV FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: Run: BackStackEntry{e93833f}
V/FragmentManager: add: FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: Added fragment to active set FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 1 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
D/FragmentManager: moveto ATTACHED: FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 1 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
D/FragmentManager: moveto CREATED: FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 1 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 1 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 1 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 1 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 1 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 1 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 1 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 4 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
D/FragmentManager: moveto CREATE_VIEW: NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 2 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
D/FragmentManager: moveto CREATE_VIEW: FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 2 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 2 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 4 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
D/FragmentManager: moveto ACTIVITY_CREATED: NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
D/FragmentManager: moveto RESTORE_VIEW_STATE: NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 4 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
D/FragmentManager: moveto ACTIVITY_CREATED: FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
D/FragmentManager: moveto RESTORE_VIEW_STATE: FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 4 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: SpecialEffectsController: Enqueuing add operation for fragment FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 4 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 4 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: SpecialEffectsController: For fragment FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130) mFinalState = VISIBLE -> VISIBLE.
V/FragmentManager: SpecialEffectsController: Container androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView{7578ffa V.E...... ......I. 0,0-0,0 #7f080130 app:id/nav_host_fragment_content_fragment} is not attached to window. Cancelling pending operation Operation {382a9ab} {mFinalState = VISIBLE} {mLifecycleImpact = ADDING} {mFragment = FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)}
V/FragmentManager: SpecialEffectsController: Operation {382a9ab} {mFinalState = VISIBLE} {mLifecycleImpact = ADDING} {mFragment = FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)} has called complete.
V/FragmentManager: SpecialEffectsController: Setting view androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout{3968808 I.E...... ......I. 0,0-0,0} to VISIBLE
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 4 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 4 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: SpecialEffectsController: Enqueuing add operation for fragment NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 4 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 4 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: SpecialEffectsController: For fragment NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130) mFinalState = VISIBLE -> VISIBLE.
V/FragmentManager: SpecialEffectsController: Container androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView{2ba8ba1 V.E...... ......I. 0,0-0,0 #7f080130 app:id/nav_host_fragment_content_fragment} is not attached to window. Cancelling pending operation Operation {f7eb1c6} {mFinalState = VISIBLE} {mLifecycleImpact = ADDING} {mFragment = NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)}
V/FragmentManager: SpecialEffectsController: Operation {f7eb1c6} {mFinalState = VISIBLE} {mLifecycleImpact = ADDING} {mFragment = NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)} has called complete.
V/FragmentManager: SpecialEffectsController: Setting view androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView{7578ffa I.E...... ......I. 0,0-0,0 #7f080130 app:id/nav_host_fragment_content_fragment} to VISIBLE
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 4 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: Run: BackStackEntry{5cfd2ae}
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 4 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 4 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 4 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 5 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
D/FragmentManager: moveto STARTED: NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 5 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
D/FragmentManager: moveto STARTED: FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 5 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 5 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 5 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 5 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 7 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 7 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
D/FragmentManager: moveto RESUMED: NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 7 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 7 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
D/FragmentManager: moveto RESUMED: FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 7 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 7 for FirstFragment{886440c} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 7 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)
V/FragmentManager: computeExpectedState() of 7 for NavHostFragment{86274b0} (<UUID> id=0x7f080130)

这只涵盖 FirstFragment 的加载内容。如果包括向 SecondFragment 的过渡,将会大大增加日志条目。VERBOSE 级别的许多日志消息对应用开发者几乎没有任何用处。不过,在返回堆栈发生变化时查看这些日志消息可能有助于调试某些问题。

fragment 的 StrictMode

1.4.0 及更高版本的 Jetpack fragment 库包含适用于 fragment 的 StrictMode。它可以捕捉一些可能会导致应用行为异常的常见问题。

默认情况下,fragment StrictMode 具有不会捕捉任何内容的 LAX 政策。不过,您可以创建自定义政策。自定义 Policy 定义检测哪些违规行为,并指定在检测到违规行为时应用什么惩罚。

如需应用自定义 StrictMode 政策,请将其分配给 FragmentManager。您应尽早执行此操作。在本例中,您在 init 代码块或 Java 构造函数中执行此操作:

Kotlin

class ExampleActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    init {
        supportFragmentManager.strictModePolicy =
            FragmentStrictMode.Policy.Builder()
                .penaltyDeath()
                .detectFragmentReuse()
                .allowViolation(FirstFragment::class.java,
                                FragmentReuseViolation::class.java)
                .build()
    }

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

        val binding = ActivityExampleBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
        setContentView(binding.root)
        ...
   }
}

Java

class ExampleActivity extends AppCompatActivity() {

    ExampleActivity() {
        getSupportFragmentManager().setStrictModePolicy(
                new FragmentStrictMode.Policy.Builder()
                        .penaltyDeath()
                        .detectFragmentReuse()
                        .allowViolation(FirstFragment.class,
                                        FragmentReuseViolation.class)
                        .build()
        );
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

        ActivityExampleBinding binding =
            ActivityExampleBinding.inflate(getLayoutInflater());
        setContentView(binding.getRoot());
        ...
   }
}

如果您需要知道 Context 以确定是否启用严格模式(例如,根据布尔值资源的值),那么您可以使用 OnContextAvailableListener 推迟将 StrictMode 政策分配给 FragmentManager

Kotlin

class ExampleActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    init {
        addOnContextAvailableListener { context ->
            if(context.resources.getBoolean(R.bool.enable_strict_mode)) {
                supportFragmentManager.strictModePolicy = FragmentStrictMode.Policy.Builder()
                    .penaltyDeath()
                    .detectFragmentReuse()
                    .allowViolation(FirstFragment::class.java, FragmentReuseViolation::class.java)
                    .build()
            }
        }
    }

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

        val binding = ActivityExampleBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
        setContentView(binding.root)
        ...
   }
}

Java

class ExampleActivity extends AppCompatActivity() {

    ExampleActivity() {
        addOnContextAvailableListener((context) -> {
            if(context.getResources().getBoolean(R.bool.enable_strict_mode)) {
                getSupportFragmentManager().setStrictModePolicy(
                        new FragmentStrictMode.Policy.Builder()
                                .penaltyDeath()
                                .detectFragmentReuse()
                                .allowViolation(FirstFragment.class, FragmentReuseViolation.class)
                                .build()
                );
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

        ActivityExampleBinding binding = ActivityExampleBinding.inflate(getLayoutInflater());
        setContentView(binding.getRoot());
        ...
   }
}

您应配置严格模式以捕捉所有可能的违规行为的最近一个时间点在 onCreate() 中,但在此处,您必须在对 super.onCreate() 进行调用之前配置严格模式:

Kotlin

class ExampleActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        supportFragmentManager.strictModePolicy = FragmentStrictMode.Policy.Builder()
            .penaltyDeath()
            .detectFragmentReuse()
            .allowViolation(FirstFragment::class.java, FragmentReuseViolation::class.java)
            .build()

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

        val binding = ActivityExampleBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
        setContentView(binding.root)
        ...
   }
}

Java

class ExampleActivity extends AppCompatActivity() {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        getSupportFragmentManager().setStrictModePolicy(
                new FragmentStrictMode.Policy.Builder()
                        .penaltyDeath()
                        .detectFragmentReuse()
                        .allowViolation(FirstFragment.class, FragmentReuseViolation.class)
                        .build()
                );

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

        ActivityExampleBinding binding = ActivityExampleBinding.inflate(getLayoutInflater());
        setContentView(binding.getRoot());
        ...
   }
}

在这些示例中使用的此政策仅检测 fragment 重用违规行为,每当发生这种违规行为时,应用都会终止。penaltyDeath() 可能在调试 build 中很有帮助,因为它很快就会使操作失败,让您不能忽略违规行为。

也有可能选择性地允许某些违规行为。不过,在本例中,此政策强制要求其他所有 fragment 类型都不得发生这种违规行为。当第三方库组件可能包含 StrictMode 违规行为时,这很有用。在此类情况下,对于并非您所有的组件,您可以暂时将这些违规行为添加到 StrictMode 的许可名单中,直到相应的库解决其违规问题。

如需详细了解如何配置其他违规行为,请参阅 FragmentStrictMode.Policy.Builder 的文档。

有三种惩罚类型。

  • penaltyLog() 将违规行为的详细信息转储到 LogCat
  • penaltyDeath() 在检测到违规行为时终止应用。
  • penaltyListener() 可让您添加一个自定义监听器,每当检测到违规行为时,系统都会调用该监听器。

您可以在 Policy 中应用惩罚的任意组合。如果您的政策未明确指定惩罚,系统会应用默认的 penaltyLog()。如果您在自定义 Policy 中应用除 penaltyLog() 之外的惩罚,则系统会停用 penaltyLog(),除非您进行了明确设置。

如果您想要将违规行为记录到第三方日志记录库,penaltyListener() 可能会很有用。或者,您可能想要在发布 build 中启用非严重违规行为捕捉功能,并将这些违规行为记录到崩溃报告库。此策略可以在自然条件下检测违规行为。

如需设置全局 StrictMode 政策,最好通过 FragmentStrictMode.setDefaultPolicy() 方法设置适用于所有 FragmentManager 实例的默认政策:

Kotlin

class MyApplication : Application() {

    override fun onCreate() {
        super.onCreate()

        FragmentStrictMode.defaultPolicy =
            FragmentStrictMode.Policy.Builder()
                .detectFragmentReuse()
                .detectFragmentTagUsage()
                .detectRetainInstanceUsage()
                .detectSetUserVisibleHint()
                .detectTargetFragmentUsage()
                .detectWrongFragmentContainer()
                .apply {
                    if (BuildConfig.DEBUG) {
                        // Fail early on DEBUG builds
                        penaltyDeath()
                    } else {
                        // Log to Crashlytics on RELEASE builds
                        penaltyListener {
                            FirebaseCrashlytics.getInstance().recordException(it)
                        }
                    }
                }
                .build()
    }
}

Java

public class MyApplication extends Application {

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();

        FragmentStrictMode.Policy.Builder builder = new FragmentStrictMode.Policy.Builder();
        builder.detectFragmentReuse()
                .detectFragmentTagUsage()
                .detectRetainInstanceUsage()
                .detectSetUserVisibleHint()
                .detectTargetFragmentUsage()
                .detectWrongFragmentContainer();
        if (BuildConfig.DEBUG) {
            // Fail early on DEBUG builds
            builder.penaltyDeath();
        } else {
            // Log to Crashlytics on RELEASE builds
            builder.penaltyListener((exception) ->
                    FirebaseCrashlytics.getInstance().recordException(exception)
            );
        }
        FragmentStrictMode.setDefaultPolicy(builder.build());
    }
}

下面几部分介绍了违规行为的类型和可能的权宜解决方法。

fragment 重用

fragment 重用违规行为的检测是使用 detectFragmentReuse() 启用的,当发生这种违规行为时,系统会抛出 FragmentReuseViolation

这种违规行为指示在从 FragmentManager 中移除某个 Fragment 实例之后又重用了该实例。这种重用可能会导致问题,因为 Fragment 可能会从之前的使用保留状态并且行为不一致。如果您每次都创建一个新实例,将其添加到 FragmentManager 时,它将始终处于初始状态。

fragment 标记使用

fragment 标记使用违规行为的检测是使用 detectFragmentTagUsage() 启用的,当发生这种违规行为时,系统会抛出 FragmentTagUsageViolation

这种违规行为指示使用 XML 布局中的 <fragment> 标记膨胀了 Fragment。如需解决此问题,请在 <androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView> 内膨胀 Fragment,而不是在 <fragment> 标记中。使用 FragmentContainerView 膨胀的 fragment 可以可靠地处理 Fragment 事务和配置更改。如果您改用 <fragment> 标记,这些 fragment 可能无法按预期运行。

保留实例使用

保留实例使用违规行为的检测是使用 detectRetainInstanceUsage() 启用的,当发生这种违规行为时,系统会抛出 RetainInstanceUsageViolation

这种违规行为指示使用了保留的 Fragment。具体来说,如果对 setRetainInstance()getRetainInstance()(两者都已废弃)进行了调用,就会发生这种违规行为。

您不应使用这些方法来自行管理保留的 Fragment 实例,而应将状态存储在 ViewModel 中,它将为您处理此操作。

设置用户可见提示

设置用户可见提示违规行为的检测是使用 detectSetUserVisibleHint() 启用的,当发生这种违规行为时,系统会抛出 SetUserVisibleHintViolation

这种违规行为指示对 setUserVisibleHint()(已废弃)进行了调用。

如果您是手动调用此方法,则应改为调用 setMaxLifecycle()。如果您替换此方法,当传入 true 时,应将相应的行为移至 onResume();当传入 false 时,应将相应的行为移至 onPause()

目标 fragment 使用

目标 fragment 使用违规行为的检测是使用 detectTargetFragmentUsage() 启用的,当发生这种违规行为时,系统会抛出 TargetFragmentUsageViolation

这种违规行为指示对 setTargetFragment()getTargetFragment()getTargetRequestCode()(全部都已废弃)进行了调用。您不应使用这些方法,而应注册 FragmentResultListener。如需了解详情,请参阅在 fragment 之间传递结果

错误的 fragment 容器

错误的 fragment 容器违规行为的检测是使用 detectWrongFragmentContainer() 启用的,当发生这种违规行为时,系统会抛出 WrongFragmentContainerViolation

这种违规行为指示将 Fragment 添加到了除 FragmentContainerView 之外的容器。与 fragment 标记使用一样,除非托管在 FragmentContainerView 内,否则 fragment 事务可能无法按预期运行。它还有助于解决 View API 中的一个问题,该问题会导致将使用退出动画的 fragment 绘制在其他所有 fragment 之上。