Visão geral da Paging 3

dependencies {
  val paging_version = "3.4.0"

  // Paging Compose
  implementation("androidx.paging:paging-compose:$paging_version")

  // Networking dependencies used in this guide
  val retrofit = "3.0.0"
  val kotlinxSerializationJson = "1.9.0"
  val retrofitKotlinxSerializationConverter = "1.0.0"
  val okhttp = "4.12.0"

  implementation("com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:$retrofit")
  implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-json:$kotlinxSerializationJson")
  implementation("com.jakewharton.retrofit:retrofit2-kotlinx-serialization-converter:$retrofitKotlinxSerializationConverter")
  implementation(platform("com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp-bom:$okhttp"))
  implementation("com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp")
  implementation("com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor")
}

// Configs for pagination
val PAGING_CONFIG = PagingConfig(
    pageSize = 50, // Items requested from data source
    enablePlaceholders = false,
    initialLoadSize = 50,
    prefetchDistance = 10 // Items from the end that trigger the next fetch
)

class ProductPagingSource : PagingSource<Int, Product>() {
    override fun getRefreshKey(state: PagingState<Int, Product>): Int {

// This is called when the Pager needs to load new data after invalidation
      // (for example, when the user scrolls quickly or the data stream is
      // manually refreshed).

      // It tries to calculate the page key (offset) that is closest to the
      // item the user was last viewing (`state.anchorPosition`).

        return ((state.anchorPosition ?: 0) - state.config.initialLoadSize / 2).coerceAtLeast(0)
    }

    override suspend fun load(params: LoadParams<Int>): LoadResult<Int, Product> {
        return when (params) {
                // Case 1: The very first load or a manual refresh. Start from
                // offset 0.
            is LoadParams.Refresh<Int> -> {
                fetchProducts(0, params.loadSize)
            }
                // Case 2: User scrolled to the end of the list. Load the next
                // 'page' using the stored key.
            is LoadParams.Append<Int> -> {
                fetchProducts(params.key, params.loadSize)
            }
                // Case 3: Loading backward. Not supported in this
                // implementation.
            is LoadParams.Prepend<Int> -> LoadResult.Invalid()
        }
    }
// Helper function to interact with the API service and map the response
//  into a [LoadResult.Page] or [LoadResult.Error].
    private suspend fun fetchProducts(key: Int, limit: Int): LoadResult<Int, Product> {
        return try {
            val response = productService.fetchProducts(limit, key)

            LoadResult.Page(
                data = response.products,
                prevKey = null,
                nextKey = (key + response.products.size).takeIf { nextKey ->
                    nextKey < response.total
                }
            )
        } catch (e: Exception) {
                // Captures network failures or JSON parsing errors to display
                // in the UI.
            LoadResult.Error(e)
        }
    }
}

val productPager = Pager(
    //  Configuration: Defines page size, prefetch distance, and placeholders.
    config = PAGING_CONFIG,
    //  Initial State: Start loading data from the very first index (offset 0).
    initialKey = 0,
    //  Factory: Creates a new instance of the PagingSource whenever the
    // data is invalidated (for example, calling pagingSource.invalidate()).
    pagingSourceFactory = { ProductPagingSource() }
).flow.cachedIn(viewModelScope)

@OptIn(ExperimentalPagingApi::class)
@OptIn(ExperimentalPagingApi::class)
class ProductRemoteMediator : RemoteMediator<Int, Product>() {
    override suspend fun load(
        loadType: LoadType,
        state: PagingState<Int, Product>
    ): MediatorResult {
        return try {
            // Get the count of loaded items to calculate the skip value
            val skip = when (loadType) {
                LoadType.REFRESH -> 0
                LoadType.PREPEND -> return MediatorResult.Success(endOfPaginationReached = true)
                LoadType.APPEND -> {
                    InMemoryDatabaseProvider.INSTANCE.productDao().getCount()
                }
            }

            val response = productService.fetchProducts(
                state.config.pageSize,
                skip
            )

            InMemoryDatabaseProvider.INSTANCE.productDao().apply {
                insertAll(response.products)
            }

            MediatorResult.Success(
                endOfPaginationReached = response.skip + response.limit >= response.total
            )
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            MediatorResult.Error(e)
        }
    }
}

val productPager = ProductRepository().fetchProducts().flow.cachedIn(viewModelScope)

@Serializable
data class ProductResponse(
    val products: List<Product>,
    val total: Int,
    val skip: Int,
    val limit: Int
)

@Serializable
data class Product(
    val id: Int,
    var title: String = "",
    // ... other fields (description, price, etc.)
    val thumbnail: String = ""
)

interface ProductService {
    @GET("/products")
    suspend fun fetchProducts(
        @Query("limit") limit: Int,
        @Query("skip") skip: Int
    ): ProductResponse
}

// Setup logic (abbreviated)
val jsonConverter = Json { ignoreUnknownKeys = true }
val retrofit = Retrofit.Builder()
    .baseUrl("https://api.example.com")
    .addConverterFactory(jsonConverter.asConverterFactory("application/json".toMediaType()))
    // ... client setup
    .build()

val snackbarHostState = remember { SnackbarHostState() }

LaunchedEffect(productPagingData.loadState) {
    snapshotFlow { productPagingData.loadState }
        // Filter out updates that don't change the refresh state
        .distinctUntilChangedBy { it.refresh }
        // Only react when the state is an Error
        .filter { it.refresh is LoadState.Error }
        .collect { loadState ->
            val error = (loadState.refresh as LoadState.Error).error
            snackbarHostState.showSnackbar(
                message = "Data failed to load: ${error.localizedMessage}",
                actionLabel = "Retry"
            )
        }
}

// Safely check the refresh state for a full-screen spinner
// without triggering unnecessary recompositions
val isRefreshing by remember {
    derivedStateOf { productPagingData.loadState.source.refresh is LoadState.Loading }
}
if (isRefreshing) {
    // Show UI for refreshing (for example, full screen spinner)
    Box(modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize(), contentAlignment = Alignment.Center) {
        CircularProgressIndicator()
    }
}

if (refreshState is LoadState.Error) {
   val e = refreshState as LoadState.Error

   // This composable should ideally replace the entire list if the initial load
   // fails.
   ErrorScreen(
       message = "Data failed to load: ${e.error.localizedMessage}",
       onClickRetry = { productPagingData.retry() }
   )
}

testImplementation("androidx.paging:paging-testing:$paging_version")

@Test
fun testProductPagingSource() = runTest {
    val pagingSource = ProductPagingSource(mockApiService)

    // Create a TestPager to interact with the PagingSource
    val pager = TestPager(
        config = PAGING_CONFIG,
        pagingSource = pagingSource
    )

    // Trigger an initial load
    val result = pager.refresh() as PagingSource.LoadResult.Page

    // Assert the data size and edge cases like next/prev keys
    assertEquals(50, result.data.size)
    assertNull(result.prevKey)
    assertEquals(50, result.nextKey)
}

@Test
fun testViewModelTransformations() = runTest {
    // 1. Mock your initial data using asPagingSourceFactory
    val mockProducts = listOf(Product(1, "A"), Product(2, "B"))
    val pagingSourceFactory = mockProducts.asPagingSourceFactory()

    // 2. Pass the mocked factory to your ViewModel or Pager
    val pager = Pager(
        config = PagingConfig(pageSize = 10),
        pagingSourceFactory = pagingSourceFactory
    )

    // 3. Apply your ViewModel transformations (for example, mapping to a UI
    //    model)
    val transformedFlow = pager.flow.map { pagingData ->
        pagingData.map { product -> product.title.uppercase() }
    }

    // 4. Extract the data as a List using asSnapshot()
    val snapshot: List<String> = transformedFlow.asSnapshot(this)

    // 5. Verify the transformation
    assertEquals(listOf("A", "B"), snapshot)
}

@get:Rule
val composeTestRule = createComposeRule()

@Test
fun testProductList_loadingAndDataStates() {
    val context = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().targetContext

    // Create a MutableStateFlow to emit different PagingData states over time
    val pagingDataFlow = MutableStateFlow(PagingData.empty<Product>())
    var recompositionCount = 0

    composeTestRule.setContent {
        val lazyPagingItems = pagingDataFlow.collectAsLazyPagingItems()

        // Track recompositions of this composable
        SideEffect { recompositionCount++ }

        ProductListScreen(lazyPagingItems = lazyPagingItems)
    }

    // 1. Simulate initial loading state
    pagingDataFlow.value = PagingData.empty(
        sourceLoadStates = LoadStates(
            refresh = LoadState.Loading,
            prepend = LoadState.NotLoading(endOfPaginationReached = false),
            append = LoadState.NotLoading(endOfPaginationReached = false)
        )
    )

    // Verify that the loading indicator is displayed
    composeTestRule.onNodeWithTag("LoadingSpinner").assertIsDisplayed()

    // 2. Simulate data loaded state
    val mockItems = listOf(
        Product(id = 1, title = context.getString(R.string.product_a_title)),
        Product(id = 2, title = context.getString(R.string.product_b_title))
    )

    pagingDataFlow.value = PagingData.from(
        data = mockItems,
        sourceLoadStates = LoadStates(
            refresh = LoadState.NotLoading(endOfPaginationReached = false),
            prepend = LoadState.NotLoading(endOfPaginationReached = false),
            append = LoadState.NotLoading(endOfPaginationReached = false)
        )
    )

    // Wait for the UI to settle and verify the items are displayed
    composeTestRule.waitForIdle()
    composeTestRule.onNodeWithText(context.getString(R.string.product_a_title)).assertIsDisplayed()
    composeTestRule.onNodeWithText(context.getString(R.string.product_b_title)).assertIsDisplayed()

    // 3. Verify recomposition counts
    // Assert that recompositions are within expected limits (for example,
    // initial composition + updating to load state + updating to data state)
    assert(recompositionCount <= 3) {
        "Expected less than or equal to 3 recompositions, but got $recompositionCount"
    }
}