使用較舊的 API 建立實作
透過集合功能整理內容
你可以依據偏好儲存及分類內容。
本課程將說明如何建立可鏡像反映較新 API 但支援舊版裝置的實作項目。
決定替代解決方案
如要以回溯相容的方式使用新版 UI 功能,最棘手的工作,就是決定並針對舊版平台版本決定及實作舊版 (備用) 解決方案。在許多情況下,您可以使用舊版 UI 架構功能來實現新版 UI 元件的目的。例如:
一般來說,將較新的 UI 元件向後移植到舊裝置時,不會有一體適用的解決方案。注意使用者體驗:在舊版裝置上,使用者可能不熟悉較新的設計模式和 UI 元件。請思考一下,如何運用熟悉的元素提供相同功能。在多數情況下,這樣就不太值得關注:如果新的 UI 元件在應用程式生態系統 (例如動作列) 很顯眼,或是互動模型相當簡單且符合直覺 (例如使用 ViewPager
滑動檢視畫面),
使用較舊的 API 實作分頁
如要建立舊版的動作列分頁實作方式,可以使用 TabWidget
和 TabHost
(不過您也可以改用水平配置的 Button
小工具)。由於此實作所使用的 API 晚於 Android 2.0 (Eclair),因此在名為 TabHelperEclair
和 CompatTabEclair
的類別中實作此做法。
圖 1. 用於 Eclair 分頁的類別圖。
CompatTabEclair
實作會將分頁屬性 (例如分頁文字和圖示) 儲存在執行個體變數中,因為沒有可用的 ActionBar.Tab
物件來處理此儲存空間:
Kotlin
class CompatTabEclair internal constructor(val activity: FragmentActivity, tag: String) :
CompatTab(tag) {
// Store these properties in the instance,
// as there is no ActionBar.Tab object.
private var text: CharSequence? = null
...
override fun setText(resId: Int): CompatTab {
// Our older implementation simply stores this
// information in the object instance.
text = activity.resources.getText(resId)
return this
}
...
// Do the same for other properties (icon, callback, etc.)
}
Java
public class CompatTabEclair extends CompatTab {
// Store these properties in the instance,
// as there is no ActionBar.Tab object.
private CharSequence text;
...
public CompatTab setText(int resId) {
// Our older implementation simply stores this
// information in the object instance.
text = activity.getResources().getText(resId);
return this;
}
...
// Do the same for other properties (icon, callback, etc.)
}
TabHelperEclair
實作會使用
用於建立 TabHost.TabSpec
的 TabHost
小工具
物件和分頁指標:
Kotlin
class TabHelperEclair internal constructor(activity: FragmentActivity) : TabHelper(activity) {
private var tabHost: TabHost? = null
...
override fun setUp() {
// Our activity layout for pre-Honeycomb devices
// must contain a TabHost.
tabHost = tabHost ?: mActivity.findViewById<TabHost>(android.R.id.tabhost).apply {
setup()
}
}
override fun addTab(tab: CompatTab) {
...
tabHost?.newTabSpec(tab.tag)?.run {
setIndicator(tab.getText()) // And optional icon
...
tabHost?.addTab(this)
}
}
// The other important method, newTab() is part of
// the base implementation.
}
Java
public class TabHelperEclair extends TabHelper {
private TabHost tabHost;
...
protected void setUp() {
if (tabHost == null) {
// Our activity layout for pre-Honeycomb devices
// must contain a TabHost.
tabHost = (TabHost) mActivity.findViewById(
android.R.id.tabhost);
tabHost.setup();
}
}
public void addTab(CompatTab tab) {
...
TabSpec spec = tabHost
.newTabSpec(tag)
.setIndicator(tab.getText()); // And optional icon
...
tabHost.addTab(spec);
}
// The other important method, newTab() is part of
// the base implementation.
}
您現在有兩種實作的 CompatTab
和 TabHelper
:一種適用於搭載 Android 3.0 以上版本的裝置並使用新 API,另一種則適用於搭載 Android 2.0 以上版本的裝置並使用舊版 API。下一堂課會探討如何在應用程式中使用這些實作。
這個頁面中的內容和程式碼範例均受《內容授權》中的授權所規範。Java 與 OpenJDK 是 Oracle 和/或其關係企業的商標或註冊商標。
上次更新時間:2025-07-27 (世界標準時間)。
[[["容易理解","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["確實解決了我的問題","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["其他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["缺少我需要的資訊","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["過於複雜/步驟過多","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["過時","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["翻譯問題","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["示例/程式碼問題","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["其他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["上次更新時間:2025-07-27 (世界標準時間)。"],[],[],null,["# Create an implementation with older APIs\n\nThis lesson discusses how to create an implementation that mirrors newer APIs yet supports older devices.\n\nDecide on a substitute solution\n-------------------------------\n\nThe most challenging task in using newer UI features in a backward-compatible way is deciding on and implementing an older (fallback) solution for older platform versions. In many cases, it's possible to fulfill the purpose of these newer UI components using older UI framework features. For example:\n\n- Action bars can be implemented using a horizontal [LinearLayout](/reference/android/widget/LinearLayout) containing image buttons, either as custom title bars or as views in your activity layout. Overflow actions can be presented under the device *Menu* button.\n\n- Action bar tabs can be implemented using a horizontal [LinearLayout](/reference/android/widget/LinearLayout) containing buttons, or using the [TabWidget](/reference/android/widget/TabWidget) UI element.\n\n- [NumberPicker](/reference/android/widget/NumberPicker) and [Switch](/reference/android/widget/Switch) widgets can be implemented using [Spinner](/reference/android/widget/Spinner) and [ToggleButton](/reference/android/widget/ToggleButton) widgets, respectively.\n\n- [ListPopupWindow](/reference/android/widget/ListPopupWindow) and [PopupMenu](/reference/android/widget/PopupMenu) widgets can be implemented using [PopupWindow](/reference/android/widget/PopupWindow) widgets.\n\nThere generally isn't a one-size-fits-all solution for backporting newer UI components to older devices. Be mindful of the user experience: on older devices, users may not be familiar with newer design patterns and UI components. Give some thought as to how the same functionality can be delivered using familiar elements. In many cases this is less of a concern---if newer UI components are prominent in the application ecosystem (such as the action bar), or where the interaction model is extremely simple and intuitive (such as swipe views using a [ViewPager](/reference/androidx/viewpager/widget/ViewPager)).\n\nImplement tabs using older APIs\n-------------------------------\n\nTo create an older implementation of action bar tabs, you can use a [TabWidget](/reference/android/widget/TabWidget) and [TabHost](/reference/android/widget/TabHost) (although one can alternatively use horizontally laid-out [Button](/reference/android/widget/Button) widgets). Implement this in classes called `TabHelperEclair` and `CompatTabEclair`, since this implementation uses APIs introduced no later than Android 2.0 (Eclair).\n\n**Figure 1.** Class diagram for the Eclair implementation of tabs.\n\nThe `CompatTabEclair` implementation stores tab properties such as the tab text and icon in instance variables, since there isn't an [ActionBar.Tab](/reference/android/app/ActionBar.Tab) object available to handle this storage: \n\n### Kotlin\n\n```kotlin\nclass CompatTabEclair internal constructor(val activity: FragmentActivity, tag: String) :\n CompatTab(tag) {\n\n // Store these properties in the instance,\n // as there is no ActionBar.Tab object.\n private var text: CharSequence? = null\n ...\n\n override fun setText(resId: Int): CompatTab {\n // Our older implementation simply stores this\n // information in the object instance.\n text = activity.resources.getText(resId)\n return this\n }\n\n ...\n // Do the same for other properties (icon, callback, etc.)\n}\n```\n\n### Java\n\n```java\npublic class CompatTabEclair extends CompatTab {\n // Store these properties in the instance,\n // as there is no ActionBar.Tab object.\n private CharSequence text;\n ...\n\n public CompatTab setText(int resId) {\n // Our older implementation simply stores this\n // information in the object instance.\n text = activity.getResources().getText(resId);\n return this;\n }\n\n ...\n // Do the same for other properties (icon, callback, etc.)\n}\n```\n\nThe `TabHelperEclair` implementation makes use of methods on the\n[TabHost](/reference/android/widget/TabHost) widget for creating [TabHost.TabSpec](/reference/android/widget/TabHost.TabSpec)\nobjects and tab indicators: \n\n### Kotlin\n\n```kotlin\nclass TabHelperEclair internal constructor(activity: FragmentActivity) : TabHelper(activity) {\n\n private var tabHost: TabHost? = null\n ...\n\n override fun setUp() {\n // Our activity layout for pre-Honeycomb devices\n // must contain a TabHost.\n tabHost = tabHost ?: mActivity.findViewById\u003cTabHost\u003e(android.R.id.tabhost).apply {\n setup()\n }\n }\n\n override fun addTab(tab: CompatTab) {\n ...\n tabHost?.newTabSpec(tab.tag)?.run {\n setIndicator(tab.getText()) // And optional icon\n ...\n tabHost?.addTab(this)\n }\n }\n // The other important method, newTab() is part of\n // the base implementation.\n}\n```\n\n### Java\n\n```java\npublic class TabHelperEclair extends TabHelper {\n private TabHost tabHost;\n ...\n\n protected void setUp() {\n if (tabHost == null) {\n // Our activity layout for pre-Honeycomb devices\n // must contain a TabHost.\n tabHost = (TabHost) mActivity.findViewById(\n android.R.id.tabhost);\n tabHost.setup();\n }\n }\n\n public void addTab(CompatTab tab) {\n ...\n TabSpec spec = tabHost\n .newTabSpec(tag)\n .setIndicator(tab.getText()); // And optional icon\n ...\n tabHost.addTab(spec);\n }\n\n // The other important method, newTab() is part of\n // the base implementation.\n}\n```\n\nYou now have two implementations of `CompatTab` and `TabHelper`: one that works on devices running Android 3.0 or later and uses new APIs, and another that works on devices running Android 2.0 or later and uses older APIs. The next lesson discusses using these implementations in your application."]]