أحداث واجهة المستخدم

class LatestNewsActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    private lateinit var binding: ActivityLatestNewsBinding
    private val viewModel: LatestNewsViewModel by viewModels()

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        /* ... */

        // The expand details event is processed by the UI that
        // modifies a View's internal state.
        binding.expandButton.setOnClickListener {
            binding.expandedSection.visibility = View.VISIBLE
        }

        // The refresh event is processed by the ViewModel that is in charge
        // of the business logic.
        binding.refreshButton.setOnClickListener {
            viewModel.refreshNews()
        }
    }
}

@Composable
fun LatestNewsScreen(viewModel: LatestNewsViewModel = viewModel()) {

    // State of whether more details should be shown
    var expanded by remember { mutableStateOf(false) }

    Column {
        Text("Some text")
        if (expanded) {
            Text("More details")
        }

        Button(
          // The expand details event is processed by the UI that
          // modifies this composable's internal state.
          onClick = { expanded = !expanded }
        ) {
          val expandText = if (expanded) "Collapse" else "Expand"
          Text("$expandText details")
        }

        // The refresh event is processed by the ViewModel that is in charge
        // of the UI's business logic.
        Button(onClick = { viewModel.refreshNews() }) {
            Text("Refresh data")
        }
    }
}

class LoginViewModel : ViewModel() {
    private val _uiState = MutableStateFlow(LoginUiState())
    val uiState: StateFlow<LoginUiState> = _uiState.asStateFlow()
    /* ... */
}

class LoginActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    private val viewModel: LoginViewModel by viewModels()

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        /* ... */

        lifecycleScope.launch {
            repeatOnLifecycle(Lifecycle.State.STARTED) {
                viewModel.uiState.collect { uiState ->
                    if (uiState.isUserLoggedIn) {
                        // Navigate to the Home screen.
                    }
                    ...
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

class LoginViewModel : ViewModel() {
    var uiState by mutableStateOf(LoginUiState())
        private set
    /* ... */
}

@Composable
fun LoginScreen(
    viewModel: LoginViewModel = viewModel(),
    onUserLogIn: () -> Unit
) {
    val currentOnUserLogIn by rememberUpdatedState(onUserLogIn)

    // Whenever the uiState changes, check if the user is logged in.
    LaunchedEffect(viewModel.uiState)  {
        if (viewModel.uiState.isUserLoggedIn) {
            currentOnUserLogIn()
        }
    }

    // Rest of the UI for the login screen.
}

class LatestNewsViewModel(/* ... */) : ViewModel() {

    private val _uiState = MutableStateFlow(LatestNewsUiState(isLoading = true))
    val uiState: StateFlow<LatestNewsUiState> = _uiState

    fun refreshNews() {
        viewModelScope.launch {
            // If there isn't internet connection, show a new message on the screen.
            if (!internetConnection()) {
                _uiState.update { currentUiState ->
                    currentUiState.copy(userMessage = "No Internet connection")
                }
                return@launch
            }

            // Do something else.
        }
    }

    fun userMessageShown() {
        _uiState.update { currentUiState ->
            currentUiState.copy(userMessage = null)
        }
    }
}

class LatestNewsViewModel(/* ... */) : ViewModel() {

    var uiState by mutableStateOf(LatestNewsUiState())
        private set

    fun refreshNews() {
        viewModelScope.launch {
            // If there isn't internet connection, show a new message on the screen.
            if (!internetConnection()) {
                uiState = uiState.copy(userMessage = "No Internet connection")
                return@launch
            }

            // Do something else.
        }
    }

    fun userMessageShown() {
        uiState = uiState.copy(userMessage = null)
    }
}

class LatestNewsActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    private val viewModel: LatestNewsViewModel by viewModels()

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        /* ... */

        lifecycleScope.launch {
            repeatOnLifecycle(Lifecycle.State.STARTED) {
                viewModel.uiState.collect { uiState ->
                    uiState.userMessage?.let {
                        // TODO: Show Snackbar with userMessage.

                        // Once the message is displayed and
                        // dismissed, notify the ViewModel.
                        viewModel.userMessageShown()
                    }
                    ...
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

@Composable
fun LatestNewsScreen(
    snackbarHostState: SnackbarHostState,
    viewModel: LatestNewsViewModel = viewModel(),
) {
    // Rest of the UI content.

    // If there are user messages to show on the screen,
    // show it and notify the ViewModel.
    viewModel.uiState.userMessage?.let { userMessage ->
        LaunchedEffect(userMessage) {
            snackbarHostState.showSnackbar(userMessage)
            // Once the message is displayed and dismissed, notify the ViewModel.
            viewModel.userMessageShown()
        }
    }
}

class LoginActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    private lateinit var binding: ActivityLoginBinding
    private val viewModel: LoginViewModel by viewModels()

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        /* ... */

        binding.helpButton.setOnClickListener {
            navController.navigate(...) // Open help screen
        }
    }
}

@Composable
fun LoginScreen(
    onHelp: () -> Unit, // Caller navigates to the right screen
    viewModel: LoginViewModel = viewModel()
) {
    // Rest of the UI

    Button(onClick = onHelp) {
        Text("Get help")
    }
}

class LoginActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    private val viewModel: LoginViewModel by viewModels()

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        /* ... */

        lifecycleScope.launch {
            repeatOnLifecycle(Lifecycle.State.STARTED) {
                viewModel.uiState.collect { uiState ->
                    if (uiState.isUserLoggedIn) {
                        // Navigate to the Home screen.
                    }
                    ...
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

@Composable
fun LoginScreen(
    onUserLogIn: () -> Unit, // Caller navigates to the right screen
    viewModel: LoginViewModel = viewModel()
) {
    Button(
        onClick = {
            // ViewModel validation is triggered
            viewModel.login()
        }
    ) {
        Text("Log in")
    }
    // Rest of the UI

    val lifecycle = LocalLifecycleOwner.current.lifecycle
    val currentOnUserLogIn by rememberUpdatedState(onUserLogIn)
    LaunchedEffect(viewModel, lifecycle)  {
        // Whenever the uiState changes, check if the user is logged in and
        // call the `onUserLogin` event when `lifecycle` is at least STARTED
        snapshotFlow { viewModel.uiState }
            .filter { it.isUserLoggedIn }
            .flowWithLifecycle(lifecycle)
            .collect {
                currentOnUserLogIn()
            }
    }
}

// Key that identifies the `validationInProgress` state in the Bundle
private const val DOB_VALIDATION_KEY = "dobValidationKey"

class DobValidationFragment : Fragment() {

    private var validationInProgress: Boolean = false
    private val viewModel: DobValidationViewModel by viewModels()

    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
        val binding = // ...
        validationInProgress = savedInstanceState?.getBoolean(DOB_VALIDATION_KEY) ?: false

        binding.continueButton.setOnClickListener {
            viewModel.validateDob()
            validationInProgress = true
        }

        viewLifecycleOwner.lifecycleScope.launch {
            viewModel.uiState
                .flowWithLifecycle(viewLifecycleOwner.lifecycle)
                .collect { uiState ->
                    // Update other parts of the UI ...

                    // If the input is valid and the user wants
                    // to navigate, navigate to the next screen
                    // and reset `validationInProgress` flag
                    if (uiState.isDobValid && validationInProgress) {
                        validationInProgress = false
                        navController.navigate(...) // Navigate to next screen
                    }
                }
        }

        return binding
    }

    override fun onSaveInstanceState(outState: Bundle) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState)
        outState.putBoolean(DOB_VALIDATION_KEY, validationInProgress)
    }
}

class DobValidationViewModel(/* ... */) : ViewModel() {
    var uiState by mutableStateOf(DobValidationUiState())
        private set
}

@Composable
fun DobValidationScreen(
    onNavigateToNextScreen: () -> Unit, // Caller navigates to the right screen
    viewModel: DobValidationViewModel = viewModel()
) {
    // TextField that updates the ViewModel when a date of birth is selected

    var validationInProgress by rememberSaveable { mutableStateOf(false) }

    Button(
        onClick = {
            viewModel.validateInput()
            validationInProgress = true
        }
    ) {
        Text("Continue")
    }
    // Rest of the UI

    /*
     * The following code implements the requirement of advancing automatically
     * to the next screen when a valid date of birth has been introduced
     * and the user wanted to continue with the registration process.
     */

    if (validationInProgress) {
        val lifecycle = LocalLifecycleOwner.current.lifecycle
        val currentNavigateToNextScreen by rememberUpdatedState(onNavigateToNextScreen)
        LaunchedEffect(viewModel, lifecycle) {
            // If the date of birth is valid and the validation is in progress,
            // navigate to the next screen when `lifecycle` is at least STARTED,
            // which is the default Lifecycle.State for the `flowWithLifecycle` operator.
            snapshotFlow { viewModel.uiState }
                .filter { it.isDobValid }
                .flowWithLifecycle(lifecycle)
                .collect {
                    validationInProgress = false
                    currentNavigateToNextScreen()
                }
        }
    }
}