استخدام Dagger في تطبيقات Android

plugins {
  id 'kotlin-kapt'
}

dependencies {
    implementation 'com.google.dagger:dagger:2.x'
    kapt 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:2.x'
}

dependencies {
    implementation 'com.google.dagger:dagger:2.x'
    annotationProcessor 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:2.x'
}

// Definition of the Application graph
@Component
interface ApplicationComponent { ... }

// appComponent lives in the Application class to share its lifecycle
class MyApplication: Application() {
    // Reference to the application graph that is used across the whole app
    val appComponent = DaggerApplicationComponent.create()
}

// Definition of the Application graph
@Component
public interface ApplicationComponent {
}

// appComponent lives in the Application class to share its lifecycle
public class MyApplication extends Application {

    // Reference to the application graph that is used across the whole app
    ApplicationComponent appComponent = DaggerApplicationComponent.create();
}

class LoginActivity: Activity() {
    // You want Dagger to provide an instance of LoginViewModel from the graph
    @Inject lateinit var loginViewModel: LoginViewModel
}

public class LoginActivity extends Activity {

    // You want Dagger to provide an instance of LoginViewModel from the graph
    @Inject
    LoginViewModel loginViewModel;
}

@Component
interface ApplicationComponent {
    // This tells Dagger that LoginActivity requests injection so the graph needs to
    // satisfy all the dependencies of the fields that LoginActivity is requesting.
    fun inject(activity: LoginActivity)
}

@Component
public interface ApplicationComponent {
    // This tells Dagger that LoginActivity requests injection so the graph needs to
    // satisfy all the dependencies of the fields that LoginActivity is injecting.
    void inject(LoginActivity loginActivity);
}

class LoginActivity: Activity() {
    // You want Dagger to provide an instance of LoginViewModel from the graph
    @Inject lateinit var loginViewModel: LoginViewModel

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        // Make Dagger instantiate @Inject fields in LoginActivity
        (applicationContext as MyApplication).appComponent.inject(this)
        // Now loginViewModel is available

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    }
}

// @Inject tells Dagger how to create instances of LoginViewModel
class LoginViewModel @Inject constructor(
    private val userRepository: UserRepository
) { ... }

public class LoginActivity extends Activity {

    // You want Dagger to provide an instance of LoginViewModel from the graph
    @Inject
    LoginViewModel loginViewModel;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Make Dagger instantiate @Inject fields in LoginActivity
        ((MyApplication) getApplicationContext()).appComponent.inject(this);
        // Now loginViewModel is available

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }
}

public class LoginViewModel {

    private final UserRepository userRepository;

    // @Inject tells Dagger how to create instances of LoginViewModel
    @Inject
    public LoginViewModel(UserRepository userRepository) {
        this.userRepository = userRepository;
    }
}

class UserRepository @Inject constructor(
    private val localDataSource: UserLocalDataSource,
    private val remoteDataSource: UserRemoteDataSource
) { ... }

class UserLocalDataSource @Inject constructor() { ... }
class UserRemoteDataSource @Inject constructor(
    private val loginService: LoginRetrofitService
) { ... }

public class UserRepository {

    private final UserLocalDataSource userLocalDataSource;
    private final UserRemoteDataSource userRemoteDataSource;

    @Inject
    public UserRepository(UserLocalDataSource userLocalDataSource, UserRemoteDataSource userRemoteDataSource) {
        this.userLocalDataSource = userLocalDataSource;
        this.userRemoteDataSource = userRemoteDataSource;
    }
}

public class UserLocalDataSource {

    @Inject
    public UserLocalDataSource() {}
}

public class UserRemoteDataSource {

    private final LoginRetrofitService loginRetrofitService;

    @Inject
    public UserRemoteDataSource(LoginRetrofitService loginRetrofitService) {
        this.loginRetrofitService = loginRetrofitService;
    }
}

// @Module informs Dagger that this class is a Dagger Module
@Module
class NetworkModule {

    // @Provides tell Dagger how to create instances of the type that this function
    // returns (i.e. LoginRetrofitService).
    // Function parameters are the dependencies of this type.
    @Provides
    fun provideLoginRetrofitService(): LoginRetrofitService {
        // Whenever Dagger needs to provide an instance of type LoginRetrofitService,
        // this code (the one inside the @Provides method) is run.
        return Retrofit.Builder()
                .baseUrl("https://example.com")
                .build()
                .create(LoginService::class.java)
    }
}

// @Module informs Dagger that this class is a Dagger Module
@Module
public class NetworkModule {

    // @Provides tell Dagger how to create instances of the type that this function
    // returns (i.e. LoginRetrofitService).
    // Function parameters are the dependencies of this type.
    @Provides
    public LoginRetrofitService provideLoginRetrofitService() {
        // Whenever Dagger needs to provide an instance of type LoginRetrofitService,
        // this code (the one inside the @Provides method) is run.
        return new Retrofit.Builder()
                .baseUrl("https://example.com")
                .build()
                .create(LoginService.class);
    }
}

@Module
class NetworkModule {
    // Hypothetical dependency on LoginRetrofitService
    @Provides
    fun provideLoginRetrofitService(
        okHttpClient: OkHttpClient
    ): LoginRetrofitService { ... }
}

@Module
public class NetworkModule {

    @Provides
    public LoginRetrofitService provideLoginRetrofitService(OkHttpClient okHttpClient) {
        ...
    }
}

// The "modules" attribute in the @Component annotation tells Dagger what Modules
// to include when building the graph
@Component(modules = [NetworkModule::class])
interface ApplicationComponent {
    ...
}

// The "modules" attribute in the @Component annotation tells Dagger what Modules
// to include when building the graph
@Component(modules = NetworkModule.class)
public interface ApplicationComponent {
    ...
}

@Singleton
@Component(modules = [NetworkModule::class])
interface ApplicationComponent {
    fun inject(activity: LoginActivity)
}

@Singleton
class UserRepository @Inject constructor(
    private val localDataSource: UserLocalDataSource,
    private val remoteDataSource: UserRemoteDataSource
) { ... }

@Module
class NetworkModule {
    // Way to scope types inside a Dagger Module
    @Singleton
    @Provides
    fun provideLoginRetrofitService(): LoginRetrofitService { ... }
}

@Singleton
@Component(modules = NetworkModule.class)
public interface ApplicationComponent {
    void inject(LoginActivity loginActivity);
}

@Singleton
public class UserRepository {

    private final UserLocalDataSource userLocalDataSource;
    private final UserRemoteDataSource userRemoteDataSource;

    @Inject
    public UserRepository(UserLocalDataSource userLocalDataSource, UserRemoteDataSource userRemoteDataSource) {
        this.userLocalDataSource = userLocalDataSource;
        this.userRemoteDataSource = userRemoteDataSource;
    }
}

@Module
public class NetworkModule {

    @Singleton
    @Provides
    public LoginRetrofitService provideLoginRetrofitService() { ... }
}

@Component
interface LoginComponent {}

@Component
public interface LoginComponent {
}

@Component
interface LoginComponent {
    fun inject(activity: LoginActivity)
}

@Component
public interface LoginComponent {
    void inject(LoginActivity loginActivity);
}

// @Subcomponent annotation informs Dagger this interface is a Dagger Subcomponent
@Subcomponent
interface LoginComponent {

    // This tells Dagger that LoginActivity requests injection from LoginComponent
    // so that this subcomponent graph needs to satisfy all the dependencies of the
    // fields that LoginActivity is injecting
    fun inject(loginActivity: LoginActivity)
}

// @Subcomponent annotation informs Dagger this interface is a Dagger Subcomponent
@Subcomponent
public interface LoginComponent {

    // This tells Dagger that LoginActivity requests injection from LoginComponent
    // so that this subcomponent graph needs to satisfy all the dependencies of the
    // fields that LoginActivity is injecting
    void inject(LoginActivity loginActivity);
}

@Subcomponent
interface LoginComponent {

    // Factory that is used to create instances of this subcomponent
    @Subcomponent.Factory
    interface Factory {
        fun create(): LoginComponent
    }

    fun inject(loginActivity: LoginActivity)
}

@Subcomponent
public interface LoginComponent {

    // Factory that is used to create instances of this subcomponent
    @Subcomponent.Factory
    interface Factory {
        LoginComponent create();
    }

    void inject(LoginActivity loginActivity);
}

class LoginActivity: Activity() {
    // Reference to the Login graph
    lateinit var loginComponent: LoginComponent
    ...
}

public class LoginActivity extends Activity {

    // Reference to the Login graph
    LoginComponent loginComponent;

    ...
}

class LoginActivity: Activity() {
    // Reference to the Login graph
    lateinit var loginComponent: LoginComponent

    // Fields that need to be injected by the login graph
    @Inject lateinit var loginViewModel: LoginViewModel

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        // Creation of the login graph using the application graph
        loginComponent = (applicationContext as MyDaggerApplication)
                            .appComponent.loginComponent().create()

        // Make Dagger instantiate @Inject fields in LoginActivity
        loginComponent.inject(this)

        // Now loginViewModel is available

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    }
}

public class LoginActivity extends Activity {

    // Reference to the Login graph
    LoginComponent loginComponent;

    // Fields that need to be injected by the login graph
    @Inject
    LoginViewModel loginViewModel;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Creation of the login graph using the application graph
        loginComponent = ((MyApplication) getApplicationContext())
                                .appComponent.loginComponent().create();

        // Make Dagger instantiate @Inject fields in LoginActivity
        loginComponent.inject(this);

        // Now loginViewModel is available

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }
}

// Definition of a custom scope called ActivityScope
@Scope
@Retention(value = AnnotationRetention.RUNTIME)
annotation class ActivityScope

// Classes annotated with @ActivityScope are scoped to the graph and the same
// instance of that type is provided every time the type is requested.
@ActivityScope
@Subcomponent
interface LoginComponent { ... }

// A unique instance of LoginViewModel is provided in Components
// annotated with @ActivityScope
@ActivityScope
class LoginViewModel @Inject constructor(
    private val userRepository: UserRepository
) { ... }

// Definition of a custom scope called ActivityScope
@Scope
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface ActivityScope {}

// Classes annotated with @ActivityScope are scoped to the graph and the same
// instance of that type is provided every time the type is requested.
@ActivityScope
@Subcomponent
public interface LoginComponent { ... }

// A unique instance of LoginViewModel is provided in Components
// annotated with @ActivityScope
@ActivityScope
public class LoginViewModel {

    private final UserRepository userRepository;

    @Inject
    public LoginViewModel(UserRepository userRepository) {
        this.userRepository = userRepository;
    }
}

@ActivityScope
@Subcomponent
interface LoginComponent {

    @Subcomponent.Factory
    interface Factory {
        fun create(): LoginComponent
    }

    // All LoginActivity, LoginUsernameFragment and LoginPasswordFragment
    // request injection from LoginComponent. The graph needs to satisfy
    // all the dependencies of the fields those classes are injecting
    fun inject(loginActivity: LoginActivity)
    fun inject(usernameFragment: LoginUsernameFragment)
    fun inject(passwordFragment: LoginPasswordFragment)
}

@ActivityScope
@Subcomponent
public interface LoginComponent {

    @Subcomponent.Factory
    interface Factory {
        LoginComponent create();
    }

    // All LoginActivity, LoginUsernameFragment and LoginPasswordFragment
    // request injection from LoginComponent. The graph needs to satisfy
    // all the dependencies of the fields those classes are injecting
    void inject(LoginActivity loginActivity);
    void inject(LoginUsernameFragment loginUsernameFragment);
    void inject(LoginPasswordFragment loginPasswordFragment);
}

class LoginUsernameFragment: Fragment() {

    // Fields that need to be injected by the login graph
    @Inject lateinit var loginViewModel: LoginViewModel

    override fun onAttach(context: Context) {
        super.onAttach(context)

        // Obtaining the login graph from LoginActivity and instantiate
        // the @Inject fields with objects from the graph
        (activity as LoginActivity).loginComponent.inject(this)

        // Now you can access loginViewModel here and onCreateView too
        // (shared instance with the Activity and the other Fragment)
    }
}

public class LoginUsernameFragment extends Fragment {

    // Fields that need to be injected by the login graph
    @Inject
    LoginViewModel loginViewModel;

    @Override
    public void onAttach(Context context) {
        super.onAttach(context);

        // Obtaining the login graph from LoginActivity and instantiate
        // the @Inject fields with objects from the graph
        ((LoginActivity) getActivity()).loginComponent.inject(this);

        // Now you can access loginViewModel here and onCreateView too
        // (shared instance with the Activity and the other Fragment)
    }
}

class LoginPasswordFragment: Fragment() {

    // Fields that need to be injected by the login graph
    @Inject lateinit var loginViewModel: LoginViewModel

    override fun onAttach(context: Context) {
        super.onAttach(context)

        (activity as LoginActivity).loginComponent.inject(this)

        // Now you can access loginViewModel here and onCreateView too
        // (shared instance with the Activity and the other Fragment)
    }
}

public class LoginPasswordFragment extends Fragment {

    // Fields that need to be injected by the login graph
    @Inject
    LoginViewModel loginViewModel;

    @Override
    public void onAttach(Context context) {
        super.onAttach(context);

        ((LoginActivity) getActivity()).loginComponent.inject(this);

        // Now you can access loginViewModel here and onCreateView too
        // (shared instance with the Activity and the other Fragment)
    }
}

@ActivityScope
class LoginViewModel @Inject constructor(
    private val userRepository: UserRepository
) { ... }

class LoginViewModelTest {

    @Test
    fun `Happy path`() {
        // You don't need Dagger to create an instance of LoginViewModel
        // You can pass a fake or mock UserRepository
        val viewModel = LoginViewModel(fakeUserRepository)
        assertEquals(...)
    }
}

@ActivityScope
public class LoginViewModel {

    private final UserRepository userRepository;

    @Inject
    public LoginViewModel(UserRepository userRepository) {
        this.userRepository = userRepository;
    }
}

public class LoginViewModelTest {

    @Test
    public void happyPath() {
        // You don't need Dagger to create an instance of LoginViewModel
        // You can pass a fake or mock UserRepository
        LoginViewModel viewModel = new LoginViewModel(fakeUserRepository);
        assertEquals(...);
    }
}

// TestApplicationComponent extends from ApplicationComponent to have them both
// with the same interface methods. You need to include the modules of the
// component here as well, and you can replace the ones you want to override.
// This sample uses FakeNetworkModule instead of NetworkModule
@Singleton
@Component(modules = [FakeNetworkModule::class, SubcomponentsModule::class])
interface TestApplicationComponent : ApplicationComponent {
}

// TestApplicationComponent extends from ApplicationComponent to have them both
// with the same interface methods. You need to include the modules of the
// Component here as well, and you can replace the ones you want to override.
// This sample uses FakeNetworkModule instead of NetworkModule
@Singleton
@Component(modules = {FakeNetworkModule.class, SubcomponentsModule.class})
public interface TestApplicationComponent extends ApplicationComponent {
}

// In the FakeNetworkModule, pass a fake implementation of LoginRetrofitService
// that you can use in your tests.
@Module
class FakeNetworkModule {
    @Provides
    fun provideLoginRetrofitService(): LoginRetrofitService {
        return FakeLoginService()
    }
}

// In the FakeNetworkModule, pass a fake implementation of LoginRetrofitService
// that you can use in your tests.
@Module
public class FakeNetworkModule {

    @Provides
    public LoginRetrofitService provideLoginRetrofitService() {
        return new FakeLoginService();
    }
}

// Your test application needs an instance of the test graph
class MyTestApplication: MyApplication() {
    override val appComponent = DaggerTestApplicationComponent.create()
}

// Your test application needs an instance of the test graph
public class MyTestApplication extends MyApplication {
    ApplicationComponent appComponent = DaggerTestApplicationComponent.create();
}

@Component(modules = [Module1::class, Module2::class])
interface ApplicationComponent { ... }

@Module(includes = [ModuleX::class])
class Module1 { ... }

@Module
class Module2 { ... }

@Component(modules = {Module1.class, Module2.class})
public interface ApplicationComponent { ... }

@Module(includes = {ModuleX.class})
public class Module1 { ... }

@Module
public class Module2 { ... }

// Bad practice: ModuleX is declared multiple times in this Dagger graph
@Component(modules = [Module1::class, Module2::class])
interface ApplicationComponent { ... }

@Module(includes = [ModuleX::class])
class Module1 { ... }

@Module(includes = [ModuleX::class])
class Module2 { ... }

// Bad practice: ModuleX is declared multiple times in this Dagger graph.
@Component(modules = {Module1.class, Module2.class})
public interface ApplicationComponent { ... }

@Module(includes = ModuleX.class)
public class Module1 { ... }

@Module(includes = ModuleX.class)
public class Module2 { ... }

@Component(modules = [Module1::class, Module2::class, ModuleX::class])
interface ApplicationComponent { ... }

@Module
class Module1 { ... }

@Module
class Module2 { ... }

@Component(modules = {Module1.class, Module2.class, ModuleX.class})
public interface ApplicationComponent { ... }

@Module
public class Module1 { ... }

@Module
public class Module2 { ... }

@Component(modules = [Module1::class, Module2::class, ModuleXCommon::class])
interface ApplicationComponent { ... }

@Module
class ModuleXCommon { ... }

@Module
class ModuleXWithModule1SpecificDependencies { ... }

@Module
class ModuleXWithModule2SpecificDependencies { ... }

@Module(includes = [ModuleXWithModule1SpecificDependencies::class])
class Module1 { ... }

@Module(includes = [ModuleXWithModule2SpecificDependencies::class])
class Module2 { ... }

@Component(modules = {Module1.class, Module2.class, ModuleXCommon.class})
public interface ApplicationComponent { ... }

@Module
public class ModuleXCommon { ... }

@Module
public class ModuleXWithModule1SpecificDependencies { ... }

@Module
public class ModuleXWithModule2SpecificDependencies { ... }

@Module(includes = ModuleXWithModule1SpecificDependencies.class)
public class Module1 { ... }

@Module(includes = ModuleXWithModule2SpecificDependencies.class)
public class Module2 { ... }