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private fun safeCameraOpen(id: Int): Boolean {
    return try {
        releaseCameraAndPreview()
        mCamera = Camera.open(id)
        true
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        Log.e(getString(R.string.app_name), "failed to open Camera")
        e.printStackTrace()
        false
    }
}

private fun releaseCameraAndPreview() {
    preview?.setCamera(null)
    mCamera?.also { camera ->
        camera.release()
        mCamera = null
    }
}

private boolean safeCameraOpen(int id) {
    boolean qOpened = false;

    try {
        releaseCameraAndPreview();
        camera = Camera.open(id);
        qOpened = (camera != null);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        Log.e(getString(R.string.app_name), "failed to open Camera");
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    return qOpened;
}

private void releaseCameraAndPreview() {
    preview.setCamera(null);
    if (camera != null) {
        camera.release();
        camera = null;
    }
}

class Preview(
        context: Context,
        val surfaceView: SurfaceView = SurfaceView(context)
) : ViewGroup(context), SurfaceHolder.Callback {

    var mHolder: SurfaceHolder = surfaceView.holder.apply {
        addCallback(this@Preview)
        setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS)
    }
    ...
}

class Preview extends ViewGroup implements SurfaceHolder.Callback {

    SurfaceView surfaceView;
    SurfaceHolder holder;

    Preview(Context context) {
        super(context);

        surfaceView = new SurfaceView(context);
        addView(surfaceView);

        // Install a SurfaceHolder.Callback so we get notified when the
        // underlying surface is created and destroyed.
        holder = surfaceView.getHolder();
        holder.addCallback(this);
        holder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);
    }
...
}

fun setCamera(camera: Camera?) {
    if (mCamera == camera) {
        return
    }

    stopPreviewAndFreeCamera()

    mCamera = camera

    mCamera?.apply {
        mSupportedPreviewSizes = parameters.supportedPreviewSizes
        requestLayout()

        try {
            setPreviewDisplay(holder)
        } catch (e: IOException) {
            e.printStackTrace()
        }

        // Important: Call startPreview() to start updating the preview
        // surface. Preview must be started before you can take a picture.
        startPreview()
    }
}

public void setCamera(Camera camera) {
    if (mCamera == camera) { return; }

    stopPreviewAndFreeCamera();

    mCamera = camera;

    if (mCamera != null) {
        List<Size> localSizes = mCamera.getParameters().getSupportedPreviewSizes();
        supportedPreviewSizes = localSizes;
        requestLayout();

        try {
            mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        // Important: Call startPreview() to start updating the preview
        // surface. Preview must be started before you can take a picture.
        mCamera.startPreview();
    }
}

override fun surfaceChanged(holder: SurfaceHolder, format: Int, w: Int, h: Int) {
    mCamera?.apply {
        // Now that the size is known, set up the camera parameters and begin
        // the preview.
        parameters?.also { params ->
            params.setPreviewSize(previewSize.width, previewSize.height)
            requestLayout()
            parameters = params
        }

        // Important: Call startPreview() to start updating the preview surface.
        // Preview must be started before you can take a picture.
        startPreview()
    }
}

@Override
public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int w, int h) {
    // Now that the size is known, set up the camera parameters and begin
    // the preview.
    Camera.Parameters parameters = mCamera.getParameters();
    parameters.setPreviewSize(previewSize.width, previewSize.height);
    requestLayout();
    mCamera.setParameters(parameters);

    // Important: Call startPreview() to start updating the preview surface.
    // Preview must be started before you can take a picture.
    mCamera.startPreview();
}

fun onClick(v: View) {
    previewState = if (previewState == K_STATE_FROZEN) {
        camera?.startPreview()
        K_STATE_PREVIEW
    } else {
        camera?.takePicture(null, rawCallback, null)
        K_STATE_BUSY
    }
    shutterBtnConfig()
}

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
    switch(previewState) {
    case K_STATE_FROZEN:
        camera.startPreview();
        previewState = K_STATE_PREVIEW;
        break;

    default:
        camera.takePicture( null, rawCallback, null);
        previewState = K_STATE_BUSY;
    } // switch
    shutterBtnConfig();
}

override fun surfaceDestroyed(holder: SurfaceHolder) {
    // Surface will be destroyed when we return, so stop the preview.
    // Call stopPreview() to stop updating the preview surface.
    mCamera?.stopPreview()
}

/**
 * When this function returns, mCamera will be null.
 */
private fun stopPreviewAndFreeCamera() {
    mCamera?.apply {
        // Call stopPreview() to stop updating the preview surface.
        stopPreview()

        // Important: Call release() to release the camera for use by other
        // applications. Applications should release the camera immediately
        // during onPause() and re-open() it during onResume()).
        release()

        mCamera = null
    }
}

@Override
public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
    // Surface will be destroyed when we return, so stop the preview.
    if (mCamera != null) {
        // Call stopPreview() to stop updating the preview surface.
        mCamera.stopPreview();
    }
}

/**
 * When this function returns, mCamera will be null.
 */
private void stopPreviewAndFreeCamera() {

    if (mCamera != null) {
        // Call stopPreview() to stop updating the preview surface.
        mCamera.stopPreview();

        // Important: Call release() to release the camera for use by other
        // applications. Applications should release the camera immediately
        // during onPause() and re-open() it during onResume()).
        mCamera.release();

        mCamera = null;
    }
}