功能與 API 總覽

Android 14 為開發人員推出了強大的功能和 API。以下資訊可協助您瞭解應用程式功能，並開始使用相關的 API。

如需新增、修改及移除 API 的詳細清單，請參閱 API 差異比較表。如要進一步瞭解新增的 API，請參閱 Android API 參考資料。如果是 Android 14，請找出 API 級別 34 中新增的 API。如要瞭解平台變更可能對應用程式造成的影響，請務必查看指定 Android 14 的應用程式和所有應用程式 的 Android 14 行為變更。

國際化

個別應用程式語言偏好

Android 14 expands on the per-app language features that were introduced in Android 13 (API level 33) with these additional capabilities:

• Automatically generate an app's localeConfig: Starting with Android Studio Giraffe Canary 7 and AGP 8.1.0-alpha07, you can configure your app to support per-app language preferences automatically. Based on your project resources, the Android Gradle plugin generates the LocaleConfig file and adds a reference to it in the final manifest file, so you no longer have to create or update the file manually. AGP uses the resources in the res folders of your app modules and any library module dependencies to determine the locales to include in the LocaleConfig file.

• Dynamic updates for an app's localeConfig: Use the setOverrideLocaleConfig() and getOverrideLocaleConfig() methods in LocaleManager to dynamically update your app's list of supported languages in the device's system settings. Use this flexibility to customize the list of supported languages per region, run A/B experiments, or provide an updated list of locales if your app utilizes server-side pushes for localization.

• App language visibility for input method editors (IMEs): IMEs can utilize the getApplicationLocales() method to check the language of the current app and match the IME language to that language.

文法轉變 API

30 億人使用性別化語言：即名詞、動詞、形容詞和介系詞會隨著交談或談論對像或目標的性別，而有不同變化的文法類別語言。一般來說，許多性別化語言都會使用陽性文法性別做為預設或通用性別。

若以錯誤的文法性別稱呼使用者，例如：以陽性文法性別稱呼女性，可能會對其表現和態度產生負面影響。相反地，如果使用者介面的用語正確反映了使用者的文法性別，便可提高使用者參與度，同時提供更個人化且更自然親切的使用者體驗。

To help you build a user-centric UI for gendered languages, Android 14 introduces the Grammatical Inflection API, which lets you add support for grammatical gender without refactoring your app.

地區偏好設定

地區偏好設定可讓使用者自訂溫度單位，這是第一項 包括星期幾和編號系統住在美國的歐洲人 最好將溫度單位設定為攝氏，而非華氏， 應用程式，將星期一視為一週的起始日，而非美國的預設設定。 週日。

全新 Android 設定選單是針對這些偏好設定設計，可讓使用者透過集中的管理位置自行探索，並視需要變更應用程式的偏好設定。即使裝置經過備份與還原，這些偏好設定也不會改變。有幾個 API 和 意圖 (例如 getTemperatureUnit敬上 和 getFirstDayOfWeek： 授予應用程式讀取使用者偏好設定的權限，以便應用程式調整其運作方式 顯示資訊。您也可以註冊 BroadcastReceiver已開啟 ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED 處理地區偏好設定變更時的地區設定變更。

如要找到這些設定，請開啟「設定」應用程式，並依序前往 [系統] > [ 語言與輸入 >地區偏好設定：

Android 系統設定中的地區偏好設定畫面。

Android 系統中地區偏好設定的溫度選項 可以管理叢集設定，像是節點 資源調度、安全性和其他預先設定項目

無障礙設定

非線性字型縮放至 200%

Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing low-vision users with additional accessibility options that align with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

To prevent large text elements on screen from scaling too large, the system applies a nonlinear scaling curve. This scaling strategy means that large text doesn't scale at the same rate as smaller text. Nonlinear font scaling helps preserve the proportional hierarchy between elements of different sizes while mitigating issues with linear text scaling at high degrees (such as text being cut off or text that becomes harder to read due to an extremely large display sizes).

Test your app with nonlinear font scaling

If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then these additional options and scaling improvements are applied automatically to the text in your app. However, you should still perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app applies the font sizes correctly and can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.

To enable 200% font size, follow these steps:

1. Open the Settings app and navigate to Accessibility > Display size and text.
2. For the Font size option, tap the plus (+) icon until the maximum font size setting is enabled, as shown in the image that accompanies this section.

Use scaled pixel (sp) units for text-sizes

Remember to always specify text sizes in sp units. When your app uses sp units, Android can apply the user's preferred text size and scale it appropriately.

Don't use sp units for padding or define view heights assuming implicit padding: with nonlinear font scaling sp dimensions might not be proportional, so 4sp + 20sp might not equal 24sp.

Convert scaled pixel (sp) units

Use TypedValue.applyDimension() to convert from sp units to pixels, and use TypedValue.deriveDimension() to convert pixels to sp. These methods apply the appropriate nonlinear scaling curve automatically.

Avoid hardcoding equations using Configuration.fontScale or DisplayMetrics.scaledDensity. Because font scaling is nonlinear, the scaledDensity field is no longer accurate. The fontScale field should be used for informational purposes only because fonts are no longer scaled with a single scalar value.

Use sp units for lineHeight

Always define android:lineHeight using sp units instead of dp, so the line height scales along with your text. Otherwise, if your text is sp but your lineHeight is in dp or px, it doesn't scale and looks cramped. TextView automatically corrects the lineHeight so that your intended proportions are preserved, but only if both textSize and lineHeight are defined in sp units.

相機和媒體

圖片的 Ultra HDR

Android 14 開始支援高動態範圍 (HDR) 圖片，這種圖片能在拍照時保留感應器中更多的資訊，因此能帶來鮮豔色彩和更高的對比度。Android 使用 Ultra HDR 格式，這種格式能與 JPEG 圖片完全回溯相容，可讓應用程式順暢地與 HDR 圖片互動，視需要以標準動態範圍 (SDR) 顯示圖片。

當應用程式選擇透過資訊清單項目使用 HDR UI 當做活動視窗，或是在執行階段呼叫 Window.setColorMode() 時，架構就會自動在 UI 中以 HDR 形式算繪這些圖片。此外，您也可以在支援的裝置上擷取壓縮的 Ultra HDR 靜態圖片。從感應器復原更多顏色後，在貼文中編輯時就更有彈性。與 Ultra HDR 圖片相關聯的 Gainmap 可用於使用 OpenGL 或 Vulkan 算繪圖片。

相機擴充功能中的縮放、聚焦、後視鏡等功能

Android 14 upgrades and improves camera extensions, allowing apps to handle longer processing times, which enables improved images using compute-intensive algorithms like low-light photography on supported devices. These features give users an even more robust experience when using camera extension capabilities. Examples of these improvements include:

• Dynamic still capture processing latency estimation provides much more accurate still capture latency estimates based on the current scene and environment conditions. Call CameraExtensionSession.getRealtimeStillCaptureLatency() to get a StillCaptureLatency object that has two latency estimation methods. The getCaptureLatency() method returns the estimated latency between onCaptureStarted and onCaptureProcessStarted(), and the getProcessingLatency() method returns the estimated latency between onCaptureProcessStarted() and the final processed frame being available.
• Support for capture progress callbacks so that apps can display the current progress of long-running, still-capture processing operations. You can check if this feature is available with CameraExtensionCharacteristics.isCaptureProcessProgressAvailable, and if it is, you implement the onCaptureProcessProgressed() callback, which has the progress (from 0 to 100) passed in as a parameter.

• Extension specific metadata, such as CaptureRequest.EXTENSION_STRENGTH for dialing in the amount of an extension effect, such as the amount of background blur with EXTENSION_BOKEH.

• Postview Feature for Still Capture in camera extensions, which provides a less-processed image more quickly than the final image. If an extension has increased processing latency, a postview image could be provided as a placeholder to improve UX and switched out later for the final image. You can check if this feature is available with CameraExtensionCharacteristics.isPostviewAvailable. Then you can pass an OutputConfiguration to ExtensionSessionConfiguration.setPostviewOutputConfiguration.

• Support for SurfaceView allowing for a more optimized and power-efficient preview render path.

• Support for tap to focus and zoom during extension usage.

感應器內縮放

When REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_STREAM_USE_CASE in CameraCharacteristics contains SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW, your app can use advanced sensor capabilities to give a cropped RAW stream the same pixels as the full field of view by using a CaptureRequest with a RAW target that has stream use case set to CameraMetadata.SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW. By implementing the request override controls, the updated camera gives users zoom control even before other camera controls are ready.

無損 USB 音訊

透過 USB 有線耳機，Android 14 可支援無失真音訊格式，打造具有卓越音質的體驗。您可以查詢 USB 裝置來取得其偏好的混合器屬性、註冊事件監聽器以變更偏好的混合器屬性，並使用 AudioMixerAttributes 類別設定混合器屬性。這個類別代表格式，例如聲道遮罩、取樣率及混音器的行為。這個類別可讓音訊直接傳送，而不會混合、音量調整或處理效果。

開發人員工作效率和工具

Credential Manager

Android 14 將 Credential Manager 新增為平台 API，並透過 Jetpack 程式庫使用 Google Play 服務，支援 Android 4.4 (API 級別 19) 裝置。Credential Manager 的目標是利用 API 擷取及儲存使用者設定憑證提供者的憑證，讓使用者輕鬆登入。Credential Manager 可在單一 API 中支援多種登入方式，包括使用者名稱/密碼、密碼金鑰，以及聯合登入解決方案 (例如使用 Google 帳戶登入)。

密碼金鑰有許多優點。舉例來說，密碼金鑰是以業界標準建構而成，適用於不同的作業系統和瀏覽器生態系統，也適用於網站和應用程式。

詳情請參閱 Credential Manager 和密碼金鑰說明文件和 Credential Manager 和密碼金鑰的網誌文章。

Health Connect

Health Connect is an on-device repository for user health and fitness data. It allows users to share data between their favorite apps, with a single place to control what data they want to share with these apps.

On devices running Android versions prior to Android 14, Health Connect is available to download as an app on the Google Play store. Starting with Android 14, Health Connect is part of the platform and receives updates through Google Play system updates without requiring a separate download. With this, Health Connect can be updated frequently, and your apps can rely on Health Connect being available on devices running Android 14 or higher. Users can access Health Connect from the Settings in their device, with privacy controls integrated into the system settings.

Users can get started using Health Connect without a separate app download on devices running Android 14 or higher.

Users can control which apps have access to their health and fitness data through system settings.

Health Connect includes several new features in Android 14, such as exercise routes, allowing users to share a route of their workout which can be visualized on a map. A route is defined as a list of locations saved within a window of time, and your app can insert routes into exercise sessions, tying them together. To ensure that users have complete control over this sensitive data, users must allow sharing individual routes with other apps.

For more information, see the Health Connection documentation and the blogpost on What's new in Android Health.

OpenJDK 17 更新

Android 14 持續更新 Android 核心程式庫，以便與最新版 OpenJDK LTS 中的功能保持一致，其中包括程式庫更新以及應用程式與平台開發人員的 Java 17 語言支援。

新功能和改善項目如下：

• 已將約 300 個 java.base 類別更新至可支援 Java 17。
• 文字模塊為 Java 程式設計語言推出多行字串常值。
• instanceof 的模式比對可讓您在 instanceof 中，不需要使用其他變數，即可將物件視為具有特定類型處理。
• 密封類別可讓您限制可進行擴充或實作的類別與介面。

進行 Google Play 系統更新 (Mainline 計畫) 之後，超過 6 億部裝置將可收到包含這些變更的最新 Android 執行階段 (ART) 更新。這是我們承諾的一部分，讓應用程式在各種裝置上都能夠擁有更一致、安全的環境，同時為各平台版本的使用者提供新的功能與能力。

Java 和 OpenJDK 是 Oracle 和/或其關係企業的商標或註冊商標。

應用程式商店改善項目

Android 14 導入了幾項 PackageInstaller API，可讓應用程式商店改善使用者體驗。

在下載之前要求安裝核准

安裝或更新應用程式可能需要使用者核准。舉例來說，當安裝程式使用 REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES 權限嘗試安裝新的應用程式時。在先前的 Android 版本中，應用程式商店只能在寫入 APK 寫入安裝工作階段並提交工作階段後，才能要求使用者核准。

自 Android 14 起，requestUserPreapproval() 方法可讓安裝程式在履行安裝工作階段之前要求使用者核准。此改善項目讓應用程式商店將下載任何 APK 的時間延後，直到使用者核准安裝為止。此外，在使用者核准安裝後，應用程式商店可以在背景下載並安裝應用程式，避免對使用者造成困擾。

聲明日後更新的責任

setRequestUpdateOwnership() 方法可讓安裝程式向系統表示，日後為應用程式安裝的更新皆由其負責。這項功能可強制執行更新擁有權，這表示只有更新擁有者才能安裝應用程式的自動更新。強制更新擁有權有助於確保使用者只會從預期的應用程式商店收到更新。

任何其他安裝程式 (包括使用 INSTALL_PACKAGES 權限的安裝程式) 都必須明確獲得使用者核准，才能安裝更新。如果使用者決定繼續執行其他來源的更新，則將失去更新的擁有權。

在較不受干擾的情況下更新應用程式

一般來說，應用程式商店會希望避免更新正在使用中的應用程式，以免導致應用程式正在執行的程序終止，進而中斷使用者正在執行的操作。

自 Android 14 起，InstallConstraints API 可讓安裝程式確保應用程式更新作業能在適當時機執行。舉例來說，應用程式商店可以呼叫 commitSessionAfterInstallConstraintsAreMet() 方法，確保只有在使用者不再與有問題的應用程式互動時，才會確認更新。

順利安裝選用分割項目

使用分割 APK 時，應用程式的功能可透過個別 APK 檔案提供，而不是以單體 APK 的形式提供。分割 APK 可讓應用程式商店以最佳方式提供不同的應用程式元件。例如，應用程式商店可能會根據目標裝置的屬性進行最佳化。自 API 級別 22 推出以來，PackageInstaller API 已支援分割。

在 Android 14 中，setDontKillApp() 方法可讓安裝程式指出在安裝新的分割項目時，不應導致應用程式執行中的處理程序終止。應用程式商店可在使用者使用應用程式時，透過這項功能順利安裝應用程式的新功能。

應用程式中繼資料套件

Starting in Android 14, the Android package installer lets you specify app metadata, such as data safety practices, to include on app store pages such as Google Play.

在使用者擷取裝置螢幕畫面時偵測

To create a more standardized experience for detecting screenshots, Android 14 introduces a privacy-preserving screenshot detection API. This API lets apps register callbacks on a per-activity basis. These callbacks are invoked, and the user is notified, when the user takes a screenshot while that activity is visible.

使用者體驗

Sharesheet 自訂動作與改善排名

Android 14 updates the system sharesheet to support custom app actions and more informative preview results for users.

Add custom actions

With Android 14, your app can add custom actions to the system sharesheet it invokes.

Improve ranking of Direct Share targets

Android 14 uses more signals from apps to determine the ranking of the direct share targets to provide more helpful results for the user. To provide the most useful signal for ranking, follow the guidance for improving rankings of your Direct Share targets. Communication apps can also report shortcut usage for outgoing and incoming messages.

支援預測返回功能的內建和自訂動畫

Android 13 推出了在開發人員選項背後顯示「預測返回主畫面」動畫的功能。只要使用支援的應用程式，並啟用開發人員選項，當您執行滑動返回的操作時，系統就會顯示動畫，指出返回手勢可讓應用程式結束並返回主畫面。

Android 14 內含多項改善項目，並提供有關預測返回手勢的全新指南：

• 您可以設定 android:enableOnBackInvokedCallback=true，選擇針對個別活動啟用預測返回系統動畫，而非針對整個應用程式。
• 我們新增了系統動畫，以配合 Android 13 的「返回主畫面」動畫。新的系統動畫具有跨活動和跨工作的特色，您只要改用預測返回功能，即可自動取得。
• 我們為底部功能表、側邊功能表和搜尋頁面新增了 Material 元件動畫。
• 我們製作了設計指南，讓您瞭解如何建立自訂的應用程式內動畫和轉場效果。
• 我們新增了 API，支援自訂的應用程式內轉換動畫：
  • handleOnBackStarted、handleOnBackProgressed、handleOnBackCancelled in OnBackPressedCallback
  • onBackStarted、onBackProgressed、onBackCancelled in OnBackAnimationCallback
  • 使用 overrideActivityTransition 取代 overridePendingTransition，以利轉場效果在使用者往回滑動時回應。

在這個 Android 14 預先發布版本中，所有預測返回相關功能都保留在開發人員選項後方。請參閱開發人員指南，瞭解如何讓應用程式改用預測返回功能，以及如何建立自訂的應用程式內轉場效果。

大螢幕裝置製造商個別應用程式覆寫值

Per-app overrides enable device manufacturers to change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the FORCE_RESIZE_APP override instructs the system to resize the app to fit display dimensions (avoiding size compatibility mode) even if resizeableActivity="false" is set in the app manifest.

Overrides are intended to improve the user experience on large screens.

New manifest properties enable you to disable some device manufacturer overrides for your app.

大螢幕使用者個別應用程式覆寫值

Per-app overrides change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE device manufacturer override sets the app aspect ratio to 16:9 regardless of the app's configuration.

Android 14 QPR1 enables users to apply per‑app overrides by means of a new settings menu on large screen devices.

分享應用程式畫面

App screen sharing enables users to share an app window instead of the entire device screen during screen content recording.

With app screen sharing, the status bar, navigation bar, notifications, and other system UI elements are excluded from the shared display. Only the content of the selected app is shared.

App screen sharing improves productivity and privacy by enabling users to run multiple apps but limit content sharing to a single app.

在 Pixel 8 Pro 上使用 LLM 技術支援的 Gboard 智慧回覆功能

On Pixel 8 Pro devices with the December Feature Drop, developers can try out higher-quality smart replies in Gboard powered by on-device Large Language Models (LLMs) running on Google Tensor.

This feature is available as a limited preview for US English in WhatsApp, Line, and KakaoTalk. It requires using a Pixel 8 Pro device with Gboard as your keyboard.

To try it out, first enable the feature in Settings > Developer Options > AiCore Settings > Enable Aicore Persistent.

Next, open a conversation in a supported app to see LLM-powered Smart Reply in Gboard's suggestion strip in response to incoming messages.

圖形

路徑可供查詢及內插

Android's Path API is a powerful and flexible mechanism for creating and rendering vector graphics, with the ability to stroke or fill a path, construct a path from line segments or quadratic or cubic curves, perform boolean operations to get even more complex shapes, or all of these simultaneously. One limitation is the ability to find out what is actually in a Path object; the internals of the object are opaque to callers after creation.

To create a Path, you call methods such as moveTo(), lineTo(), and cubicTo() to add path segments. But there has been no way to ask that path what the segments are, so you must retain that information at creation time.

Starting in Android 14, you can query paths to find out what's inside of them. First, you need to get a PathIterator object using the Path.getPathIterator API:

val path = Path().apply {
    moveTo(1.0f, 1.0f)
    lineTo(2.0f, 2.0f)
    close()
}
val pathIterator = path.pathIterator

Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(1.0F, 1.0F);
path.lineTo(2.0F, 2.0F);
path.close();
PathIterator pathIterator = path.getPathIterator();

Next, you can call PathIterator to iterate through the segments one by one, retrieving all of the necessary data for each segment. This example uses PathIterator.Segment objects, which packages up the data for you:

for (segment in pathIterator) {
    println("segment: ${segment.verb}, ${segment.points}")
}

while (pathIterator.hasNext()) {
    PathIterator.Segment segment = pathIterator.next();
    Log.i(LOG_TAG, "segment: " + segment.getVerb() + ", " + segment.getPoints());
}

PathIterator also has a non-allocating version of next() where you can pass in a buffer to hold the point data.

One of the important use cases of querying Path data is interpolation. For example, you might want to animate (or morph) between two different paths. To further simplify that use case, Android 14 also includes the interpolate() method on Path. Assuming the two paths have the same internal structure, the interpolate() method creates a new Path with that interpolated result. This example returns a path whose shape is halfway (a linear interpolation of .5) between path and otherPath:

val interpolatedResult = Path()
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, .5f, interpolatedResult)
}

Path interpolatedResult = new Path();
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, 0.5F, interpolatedResult);
}

The Jetpack graphics-path library enables similar APIs for earlier versions of Android as well.

使用頂點和片段著色器的自訂網格

Android has long supported drawing triangle meshes with custom shading, but the input mesh format has been limited to a few predefined attribute combinations. Android 14 adds support for custom meshes, which can be defined as triangles or triangle strips, and can, optionally, be indexed. These meshes are specified with custom attributes, vertex strides, varying, and vertex and fragment shaders written in AGSL.

The vertex shader defines the varyings, such as position and color, while the fragment shader can optionally define the color for the pixel, typically by using the varyings created by the vertex shader. If color is provided by the fragment shader, it is then blended with the current Paint color using the blend mode selected when drawing the mesh. Uniforms can be passed into the fragment and vertex shaders for additional flexibility.

適用於 Canvas 的硬體緩衝區轉譯器

為協助使用 Android 的 Canvas API 以硬體加速繪製至 HardwareBuffer，Android 14 推出了 HardwareBufferRenderer。如果您的用途涉及透過 SurfaceControl 與系統合成器通訊，以便繪製低延遲畫面，這個 API 就特別實用。