Compatibility framework changes (Android 12)

ALWAYS_SANDBOX_DISPLAY_APIS

When enabled, applies Display API sandboxing to a package regardless of windowing mode. The Display APIs will always provide the app bounds.

To learn more about this change, see the section in the Android 12 behavior changes page about Display methods that were deprecated.

AUTOFILL_NON_TEXT_REQUIRES_ON_RECEIVE_CONTENT_LISTENER

Starting in Android 12, the platform can provide non-text suggestions (such as images) using the augmented autofill framework (see autofill services). In order for an app to be able to handle these suggestions, it must normally implement the OnReceiveContentListener API.

To make the adoption of this API smoother for apps that have previously implemented the InputConnection.commitContent(InputContentInfo, int, Bundle) API, we reuse that API as a fallback if OnReceiveContentListener is not yet implemented by the app. This fallback is only enabled on Android 12 (API level 31). This change ID disables the fallback, such that apps targeting Android 12 (API level 32) and above must implement the OnReceiveContentListener API in order to accept non-text suggestions.

BLOCK_FLAG_SLIPPERY

For apps running on Android 12 (API level 31), checks if FLAG_SLIPPERY is being used with any windows in the app. We expect that this flag is likely only used by the system components as it is an unsupported field. If so, it will be restricted.

BLOCK_GPS_STATUS_USAGE

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, all GpsStatus API usage must be replaced with GnssStatus APIs.

BLOCK_IMMUTABLE_PENDING_INTENTS

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, immutable PendingIntent objects that are passed into location APIs will generate an IllegalArgumentException.

BLOCK_PENDING_INTENT_SYSTEM_API_USAGE

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, LocationRequest system APIs can't be used with PendingIntent location requests.

BLOCK_UNTRUSTED_TOUCHES

To preserve system security and a good user experience, Android 12 prevents apps from consuming touch events where an overlay blocks the app in an unsafe way.

To learn more about this change, see Untrusted touch events are blocked.

CALL_ACTIVITY_RESULT_BEFORE_RESUME

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 32) and higher, corrects the lifecycle of activity result to guarantee that an activity gets the activity result just before resume.

CAMERA_MIC_INDICATORS_NOT_PRESENT

Indicates that this device supports camera and microphone indicators. Will be false if present, because the CompatChanges#isChangeEnabled method returns true if the Change ID is not present.

CANNOT_INSTALL_WITH_BAD_PERMISSION_GROUPS

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 32) and higher, the package manager will not install a package if there are malformed permission groups. Permission groups should only be shared between apps sharing a certificate. If a permission belongs to a group, that group must also be defined.

CHANGE_ID_AUTH_STATE_DENIED

For client apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, a SecurityException is thrown when they are in the denied authorization state and attempt to send a message to a nanoapp.

CHANGE_ID_SAMPLING_RATE_SENSORS_PERMISSION

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, a SecurityException is thrown when they do not have HIGH_SAMPLING_RATE_SENSORS permission, run in debug mode, and request sampling rates that are faster than 200 Hz.

DELIVER_HISTORICAL_LOCATIONS

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, location clients may receive historical locations (from before the present time) under some circumstances.

DISPLAY_INFO_NR_ADVANCED_SUPPORTED

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, provides backward compatibility for changes in TelephonyDisplayInfo.

DISPLAY_MODE_RETURNS_PHYSICAL_REFRESH_RATE

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, the platform might throttle down an app's frame rate to a divisor of the refresh rate if it is more preferable (for example, if the app called to Surface.setFrameRate(float, int)). Apps will experience Choreographer.postFrameCallback(Choreographer.FrameCallback) callbacks and backpressure at the throttled frame rate. Apps use Display.getRefreshRate() and Display.Mode.getRefreshRate() to know what the display refresh rate is. Display.getRefreshRate() will always return the application frame rate and not the physical display refresh rate to allow apps to do frame pacing correctly. Display.Mode.getRefreshRate() will return the app frame rate if compiled to a previous release and starting with Android 12 (API level 31) it will return the physical display refresh rate.

DOWNSCALED

This change is the gatekeeper of all per-app buffer downscaling changes. Enabling this change allows the following scaling factors to be applied:

• DOWNSCALE_30
• DOWNSCALE_35
• DOWNSCALE_40
• DOWNSCALE_45
• DOWNSCALE_50
• DOWNSCALE_55
• DOWNSCALE_60
• DOWNSCALE_65
• DOWNSCALE_70
• DOWNSCALE_75
• DOWNSCALE_80
• DOWNSCALE_85
• DOWNSCALE_90

When this change is enabled for an app package, the app is forcibly resized to the highest, enabled scaling factor. For example, 80% is used if both 80% and 70% (DOWNSCALE_80 and DOWNSCALE_70) are enabled.

DOWNSCALE_30

When DOWNSCALED is also enabled, enabling this change for a package forces the app to assume it's running on a display with 30% of the vertical and horizontal resolution of the real display.

DOWNSCALE_35

When DOWNSCALED is also enabled, enabling this change for a package forces the app to assume it's running on a display with 35% of the vertical and horizontal resolution of the real display.

DOWNSCALE_40

When DOWNSCALED is also enabled, enabling this change for a package forces the app to assume it's running on a display with 40% of the vertical and horizontal resolution of the real display.

DOWNSCALE_45

When DOWNSCALED is also enabled, enabling this change for a package forces the app to assume it's running on a display with 45% of the vertical and horizontal resolution of the real display.

DOWNSCALE_50

When DOWNSCALED is also enabled, enabling this change for a package forces the app to assume it's running on a display with 50% of the vertical and horizontal resolution of the real display.

DOWNSCALE_55

When DOWNSCALED is also enabled, enabling this change for a package forces the app to assume it's running on a display with 55% of the vertical and horizontal resolution of the real display.

DOWNSCALE_60

When DOWNSCALED is also enabled, enabling this change for a package forces the app to assume it's running on a display with 60% of the vertical and horizontal resolution of the real display.

DOWNSCALE_65

When DOWNSCALED is also enabled, enabling this change for a package forces the app to assume it's running on a display with 65% of the vertical and horizontal resolution of the real display.

DOWNSCALE_70

When DOWNSCALED is also enabled, enabling this change for a package forces the app to assume it's running on a display with 70% of the vertical and horizontal resolution of the real display.

DOWNSCALE_75

When DOWNSCALED is also enabled, enabling this change for a package forces the app to assume it's running on a display with 75% of the vertical and horizontal resolution of the real display.

DOWNSCALE_80

When DOWNSCALED is also enabled, enabling this change for a package forces the app to assume it's running on a display with 80% of the vertical and horizontal resolution of the real display.

DOWNSCALE_85

When DOWNSCALED is also enabled, enabling this change for a package forces the app to assume it's running on a display with 85% of the vertical and horizontal resolution of the real display.

DOWNSCALE_90

When DOWNSCALED is also enabled, enabling this change for a package forces the app to assume it's running on a display with 90% of the vertical and horizontal resolution of the real display.

DO_NOT_DOWNSCALE_TO_1080P_ON_TV

Android TV apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher are expected to handle any Window size, including Window sizes greater than 1080p. Apps that target earlier versions of Android do not expect to receive Windows larger than 1080p, so their Windows are downscaled to 1080p when necessary.

DROP_CLOSE_SYSTEM_DIALOGS

To improve user control when interacting with apps and the system, the ACTION_CLOSE_SYSTEM_DIALOGS intent action is deprecated as of Android 12.

To learn more about this change, see Apps can't close system dialogs.

ENABLE_CHECKS_FOR_PRIVATE_FILES

Apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher can't insert or update private files using media provider.

ENABLE_DEFERRED_SCAN

Enable this option to defer the scan that is triggered as part of MediaProvider#update().

ENABLE_GET_CALL_STATE_PERMISSION_PROTECTION

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, enables READ_PHONE_STATE protection on APIs querying and notifying call state, such as TelecomManager#getCallState, TelephonyManager.getCallStateForSubscription(), and TelephonyCallback.CallStateListener.

ENABLE_GET_PHONE_ACCOUNT_PERMISSION_PROTECTION

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, enables READ_PHONE_NUMBERS or READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE protections on getPhoneAccount(PhoneAccountHandle).

ENABLE_INCLUDE_ALL_VOLUMES

Enable this option to include database rows of files from a recently unmounted volume in MediaProvider#query.

ENABLE_RAW_MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_ACCESS

Enable this option to allow apps holding the Manifest.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission to request raw external storage access.

ENFORCE_MINIMUM_WINDOW_ON_INEXACT_ALARMS

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, all inexact alarms are required to have a minimum window size, expected to be on the order of a few minutes. Practically, any alarms requiring smaller windows are the same as exact alarms and should use the corresponding APIs provided, such as setExact(int, long, PendingIntent). Inexact alarm with shorter windows specified will have their windows elongated by the system.

ENFORCE_NATIVE_SHARED_LIBRARY_DEPENDENCIES

Apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher need to declare dependencies to the public native shared libraries that are defined by the device maker using uses-native-library tag in its AndroidManifest.xml. If any of the dependencies can't be satisfied—for example, one of the dependencies doesn't exist—the package manager won't install the app. The dependency can be specified as optional using the android:required attribute in the tag, in which case failing to satisfy the dependency won't stop the installation.

Once installed, an app is provided with only the native shared libraries that are specified in the app manifest. Calling dlopen on a native shared library that doesn't appear in the app manifest will fail even if it actually exists on the device.

ENFORCE_STRICT_QUERY_BUILDER

When enabled, the SQLiteQueryBuilder verifies all CalendarProvider2 query selections against malicious arguments.

FGS_BG_START_RESTRICTION_CHANGE_ID

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, restricts when apps can start foreground services while running in the background.

FGS_START_EXCEPTION_CHANGE_ID

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, enables the system to throw an IllegalStateException if an app attempts to start a foreground service while running in the background.

FINISH_INPUT_NO_FALLBACK_CONNECTION

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, finish the InputConnection when the device becomes non-interactive.

If enabled by the current input method, the current input connection will be finished whenever the devices becomes non-interactive.

If not enabled, the current input connection will instead be silently deactivated when the devices becomes non-interactive, and an onFinishInput() and onStartInput() pair is dispatched when the device becomes interactive again.

FORCE_DISABLE_HEVC_SUPPORT

Force disable an app from supporting the HEVC media capability. Apps should declare their supported media capabilities in their manifest but this flag can be used to force an app into not supporting HEVC, hence forcing transcoding while accessing media encoded in HEVC. Setting this flag overrides any OS level defaults for apps. It is disabled by default, meaning that the OS defaults take precedence. If both this flag and FORCE_ENABLE_HEVC_SUPPORT are enabled, the OS ignores both flags.

FORCE_ENABLE_HEVC_SUPPORT

Force enable an app to support the HEVC media capability Apps should declare their supported media capabilities in their manifest but this flag can be used to force an app into supporting HEVC, hence avoiding transcoding while accessing media encoded in HEVC. Setting this flag overrides any OS level defaults for apps. It is disabled by default, meaning that the OS defaults would take precedence. If both this flag and FORCE_DISABLE_HEVC_SUPPORT are enabled, the OS ignores both flags.

FORCE_NON_RESIZE_APP

Forces the packages it is applied to to be non-resizable.

FORCE_RESIZE_APP

Forces the packages it is applied to to be resizable. We only allow resizing in fullscreen windowing mode, but not forcing the app into resizable multi-windowing mode.

HIDE_PROP_ICUBINARY_DATA_PATH

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, removes access to the android.icu.impl.ICUBinary.dataPath property.

IGNORE_ALLOW_BACKUP_IN_D2D

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, android:allowBackup is ignored for apps during device-to-device (D2D) migrations.

IGNORE_FULL_BACKUP_CONTENT_IN_D2D

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, include and exclude rules specified using android:fullBackupContent are ignored during device-to-device (D2D) transfers.

IME_AUTOFILL_DEFAULT_SUPPORTED_LOCALES_IS_EMPTY

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, getSupportedLocales() now returns an empty locale list when it's not set, instead of the default system locale.

IS_BACKUP_SERVICE_ACTIVE_ENFORCE_PERMISSION_IN_SERVICE

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, the BACKUP permission needed for isBackupServiceActive() is enforced on the service-side rather than client-side in BackupManager.

KEYSTORE_OPERATION_CREATION_MAY_FAIL

When enabled, keystore operation creation might fail according to the new pruning strategy. Keystore used to work under the assumption that the creation of cryptographic operations always succeeds. However, the KeyMint backend has only a limited number of operation slots.

In order to keep up the appearance of "infinite" operation slots, the Keystore daemon would prune least recently used operations if there was no available operation slot. As a result, good operations could be terminated prematurely. This opened up AndroidKeystore up to denial-of-service (DoS) and unintended livelock. For example, if multiple apps woke up at the same time due to power management optimizations and attempted to perform crypto operations, they start terminating each others operations without making any progress.

To break out of livelocks and to discourage DoS attempts, we have changed the pruning strategy for such that it prefers clients that use few operation slots briefly. As a result, single operations that don't linger inactive for more than 5 seconds will almost always conclude unhampered by the pruning strategy. There are still some operations related to file system encryption that can prune even these operations, but those cases are extremely rare. As a side effect of this new pruning strategy operation, creation can now fail if the client has a lower pruning power than all of the existing operations.

Pruning strategy: To find a suitable candidate, we compute the malus for the caller and each existing operation. The malus is the inverse of the pruning power (caller) or pruning resistance (existing operation). For the caller to be able to prune an operation, it must find an operation with a malus higher than its own. For more details on the pruning strategy, see the implementation of operation.rs. On Android 11 (API level 30) and lower, KeyStore2 will poll the Keystore daemon for a free operation slot. For apps targeting Android 11 (API level 30) and lower, it will still look like cipher and signature object initialization always succeeds—however, it may take longer to get an operation. All Android versions benefit from fairer operation slot scheduling and a better chance to successfully conclude an operation.

LOCK_DOWN_CLOSE_SYSTEM_DIALOGS

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, the Intent.ACTION_CLOSE_SYSTEM_DIALOGS can't be sent unless the app also has the android.permission.BROADCAST_CLOSE_SYSTEM_DIALOGS permission. Note that this is the more restrictive version of #DROP_CLOSE_SYSTEM_DIALOGS that expects the app to stop sending the Intent.ACTION_CLOSE_SYSTEM_DIALOGS intent once the app starts targets Android 12 (API level 31) or higher.

LOCK_DOWN_COLLAPSE_STATUS_BAR

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, the Manifest.permission.STATUS_BAR permission is required to collapse the status bar panels due to security reasons. This was being exploited by malware to prevent the user from accessing critical notifications.

LOW_POWER_EXCEPTIONS

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, all LocationRequest objects marked as low power throw exceptions if the caller does not have the LOCATION_HARDWARE permission, instead of silently dropping the low power part of the request.

MISSING_EXPORTED_FLAG

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, an explicit value must be specified for the android:exported attribute whenever an intent filter is defined.

To learn more about this change, see Safer exporting of components.

NATIVE_HEAP_POINTER_TAGGING_APP_ZYGOTE

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 32) and higher, native heap allocations in AppZygote process and its descendants use a non-zero tag in the most significant byte.

To learn more about this change, see Tagged Pointers.

NATIVE_HEAP_ZERO_INIT

Enable automatic zero-initialization of native heap memory allocations.

NATIVE_MEMTAG_ASYNC

Enable asynchronous (ASYNC) memory tag checking in this process. This flag only affects hardware supporting the ARM Memory Tagging Extension (MTE).

NATIVE_MEMTAG_SYNC

Enables synchronous (SYNC) memory tag checking in this process. This flag only affects hardware supporting the ARM Memory Tagging Extension (MTE). If both NATIVE_MEMTAG_ASYNC and this option are enabled, this option takes precedence and MTE is enabled in SYNC mode.

NEVER_SANDBOX_DISPLAY_APIS

When enabled, prevents Display API sandboxing from applying to a letterbox or SCM activity. The Display APIs will continue to provide DisplayArea bounds.

To learn more about this change, see the section in the Android 12 behavior changes page about Display methods that were deprecated.

NOTIFICATION_CANCELLATION_REASONS

Allows notification listeners to understand new cancellation reasons that are more specific.

NOTIFICATION_TRAMPOLINE_BLOCK

To improve app performance and UX, apps that target Android 12 cannot use services or broadcast receivers as notification trampolines.

To learn more about this change, see Notification trampolines cannot be created from services or broadcast receivers.

NULL_TELEPHONY_THROW_NO_CB

Used for checking if the target SDK version for the current process is Android 12 (API level 31) or higher.

Applies to the following methods:

• requestCellInfoUpdate(Executor, TelephonyManager.CellInfoCallback)
• setPreferredOpportunisticDataSubscription(int, boolean, Executor, Consumer)
• updateAvailableNetworks(List, Executor, Consumer)
• requestNumberVerification()
• setSimPowerStateForSlot()

OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO

This change is the gatekeeper of all changes that force a given minimum aspect ratio. Enabling this change allows the following minimum aspect ratios to be applied:

• OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE
• OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_MEDIUM

When this change is enabled for an app package, the minimum aspect ratio given in the app's manifest is overridden to the largest enabled aspect ratio unless the app's manifest value is higher.

OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE

When OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO is also enabled, enabling this change for a package sets the activity's minimum aspect ratio to a large value as defined by OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE_VALUE.

OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_MEDIUM

When OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO is also enabled, enabling this change for a package sets the activity's minimum aspect ratio to a medium value as defined by OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_MEDIUM_VALUE.

PENDING_INTENT_EXPLICIT_MUTABILITY_REQUIRED

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, you must specify the mutability of each PendingIntent object that your app creates. This additional requirement improves your app's security.

To learn more about this change, see Pending intents must declare mutability.

PREVENT_SETTING_PASSWORD_QUALITY_ON_PARENT

Admin apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher can't use DevicePolicyManager.setPasswordQuality(ComponentName, int) to set password quality on the DevicePolicyManager instance obtained by calling DevicePolicyManager.getParentProfileInstance(ComponentName). Instead, they should use DevicePolicyManager.setRequiredPasswordComplexity(int) to set coarse-grained password requirements device-wide.

RATE_LIMIT_TOASTS

Enables rate limiting on the number of Toast.show() calls to prevent overburdening the user with too many toasts in a limited time. Any attempt to show more toasts than allowed in a certain timeframe results in the toast being discarded.

REQUIRE_EXACT_ALARM_PERMISSION

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, apps must have the Manifest.permission.SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM permission in order to use any APIs for setting exact alarms, such as setExactAndAllowWhileIdle(int, long, PendingIntent) and setAlarmClock(AlarmClockInfo, PendingIntent).

REQUIRE_READ_PHONE_STATE_PERMISSION_FOR_ACTIVE_DATA_SUB_ID

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, apps must have the Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE permission in order to call TelephonyCallback.ActiveDataSubscriptionIdListener.

REQUIRE_READ_PHONE_STATE_PERMISSION_FOR_CELL_INFO

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, apps must have the Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE permission in order to call TelephonyCallback.CellInfoListener.

REQUIRE_READ_PHONE_STATE_PERMISSION_FOR_DISPLAY_INFO

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, apps must have the Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE permission in order to call TelephonyCallback.DisplayInfoListener.

RESTRICT_ADB_BACKUP

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, adb backup is automatically turned on for apps running as debuggable (android:debuggable set to true) and unavailable to any other apps.

RESTRICT_DOMAINS

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, the updated form of the app links verification API is required. This requirement means an app must declare domains inside an intent filter that includes all of the following:

• android:autoVerify="true"
• Intent.ACTION_VIEW
• Intent.CATEGORY_BROWSABLE
• Intet.CATEGORY_DEFAULT
• Only IntentFilter.SCHEME_HTTP and/or IntentFilter.SCHEME_HTTPS, with no other schemes

On prior versions of Android, Intent.CATEGORY_BROWSABLE was not a requirement, other schemes were allowed, and setting autoVerify to true in any intent filter would implicitly pretend that all intent filters were set to autoVerify="true".

SECURITY_EXCEPTION_ON_INVALID_ATTRIBUTION_TAG_CHANGE

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, enforces that all attributionTags sent to noteOp(String, int, String), noteProxyOp(String, String), and startOp(String, int, String) are defined in the manifest of the package that is specified as a parameter of the methods.

To enable this change, both the package calling noteOp(String, int, String) as well as the package specified as a parameter of the method must have this change enabled.

SELINUX_LATEST_CHANGES

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, opts in to the latest SELinux changes. Turning this change off for an app targeting Android 12 (API level 31) or higher is a no-op. Has no effect for apps that use a shared user id.

SETTINGS_API_V2

The new user preference API for verifying domains marked autoVerify=true in AndroidManifest.xml intent filters is not yet implemented in the current platform preview. For now, it is possible to preview the new user preference changes by enabling this ChangeId and using the adb shell pm set-app-links-user-selection and similar commands.

USE_SHORT_FGS_USAGE_INTERACTION_TIME

For apps targeting Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, determines whether to use a shorter timeout before elevating the standby bucket to ACTIVE when apps start a foreground service.