Transferir dados de Bluetooth
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Depois de ter se conectado a um dispositivo Bluetooth
dispositivo, cada um
Um tem
BluetoothSocket
. Agora é possível
compartilhar informações entre dispositivos. Usando o BluetoothSocket
, o método
para transferir dados é o seguinte:
Consiga o InputStream
e
OutputStream
que processam transmissões
pelo soquete usando
getInputStream()
e
getOutputStream()
,
respectivamente.
Leia e grave dados nos streams com o
read(byte[])
e
write(byte[])
Naturalmente, é necessário considerar detalhes de implementação. Especificamente, você
deve usar uma linha de execução dedicada para ler e gravar no stream.
Isso é importante porque os métodos read(byte[])
e write(byte[])
chamadas de bloqueio. O método read(byte[])
fica bloqueado até que haja algo para
ler o stream. O método write(byte[])
geralmente não bloqueia, mas
poderá bloquear o controle de fluxo se o dispositivo remoto não estiver chamando read(byte[])
com rapidez suficiente e, como resultado, os buffers intermediários ficam cheios. Então, você precisa
precisa dedicar o loop principal na linha de execução à leitura do InputStream
.
Você pode usar um método público separado no thread para iniciar gravações no
OutputStream
:
Exemplo
Confira a seguir um exemplo de como transferir dados entre dois dispositivos
conectado por Bluetooth:
Kotlin
private const val TAG = "MY_APP_DEBUG_TAG"
// Defines several constants used when transmitting messages between the
// service and the UI.
const val MESSAGE_READ: Int = 0
const val MESSAGE_WRITE: Int = 1
const val MESSAGE_TOAST: Int = 2
// ... (Add other message types here as needed.)
class MyBluetoothService(
// handler that gets info from Bluetooth service
private val handler: Handler) {
private inner class ConnectedThread(private val mmSocket: BluetoothSocket) : Thread() {
private val mmInStream: InputStream = mmSocket.inputStream
private val mmOutStream: OutputStream = mmSocket.outputStream
private val mmBuffer: ByteArray = ByteArray(1024) // mmBuffer store for the stream
override fun run() {
var numBytes: Int // bytes returned from read()
// Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs.
while (true) {
// Read from the InputStream.
numBytes = try {
mmInStream.read(mmBuffer)
} catch (e: IOException) {
Log.d(TAG, "Input stream was disconnected", e)
break
}
// Send the obtained bytes to the UI activity.
val readMsg = handler.obtainMessage(
MESSAGE_READ, numBytes, -1,
mmBuffer)
readMsg.sendToTarget()
}
}
// Call this from the main activity to send data to the remote device.
fun write(bytes: ByteArray) {
try {
mmOutStream.write(bytes)
} catch (e: IOException) {
Log.e(TAG, "Error occurred when sending data", e)
// Send a failure message back to the activity.
val writeErrorMsg = handler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_TOAST)
val bundle = Bundle().apply {
putString("toast", "Couldn't send data to the other device")
}
writeErrorMsg.data = bundle
handler.sendMessage(writeErrorMsg)
return
}
// Share the sent message with the UI activity.
val writtenMsg = handler.obtainMessage(
MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1, mmBuffer)
writtenMsg.sendToTarget()
}
// Call this method from the main activity to shut down the connection.
fun cancel() {
try {
mmSocket.close()
} catch (e: IOException) {
Log.e(TAG, "Could not close the connect socket", e)
}
}
}
}
Java
public class MyBluetoothService {
private static final String TAG = "MY_APP_DEBUG_TAG";
private Handler handler; // handler that gets info from Bluetooth service
// Defines several constants used when transmitting messages between the
// service and the UI.
private interface MessageConstants {
public static final int MESSAGE_READ = 0;
public static final int MESSAGE_WRITE = 1;
public static final int MESSAGE_TOAST = 2;
// ... (Add other message types here as needed.)
}
private class ConnectedThread extends Thread {
private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
private final InputStream mmInStream;
private final OutputStream mmOutStream;
private byte[] mmBuffer; // mmBuffer store for the stream
public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {
mmSocket = socket;
InputStream tmpIn = null;
OutputStream tmpOut = null;
// Get the input and output streams; using temp objects because
// member streams are final.
try {
tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Error occurred when creating input stream", e);
}
try {
tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Error occurred when creating output stream", e);
}
mmInStream = tmpIn;
mmOutStream = tmpOut;
}
public void run() {
mmBuffer = new byte[1024];
int numBytes; // bytes returned from read()
// Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs.
while (true) {
try {
// Read from the InputStream.
numBytes = mmInStream.read(mmBuffer);
// Send the obtained bytes to the UI activity.
Message readMsg = handler.obtainMessage(
MessageConstants.MESSAGE_READ, numBytes, -1,
mmBuffer);
readMsg.sendToTarget();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(TAG, "Input stream was disconnected", e);
break;
}
}
}
// Call this from the main activity to send data to the remote device.
public void write(byte[] bytes) {
try {
mmOutStream.write(bytes);
// Share the sent message with the UI activity.
Message writtenMsg = handler.obtainMessage(
MessageConstants.MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1, mmBuffer);
writtenMsg.sendToTarget();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Error occurred when sending data", e);
// Send a failure message back to the activity.
Message writeErrorMsg =
handler.obtainMessage(MessageConstants.MESSAGE_TOAST);
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("toast",
"Couldn't send data to the other device");
writeErrorMsg.setData(bundle);
handler.sendMessage(writeErrorMsg);
}
}
// Call this method from the main activity to shut down the connection.
public void cancel() {
try {
mmSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Could not close the connect socket", e);
}
}
}
}
Depois que o construtor adquire os streams necessários, a linha de execução aguarda dados
sejam disponibilizadas pela InputStream
. Quando read(byte[])
retornar com dados de
no stream, os dados são enviados para a atividade principal usando um
Handler
da classe mãe. A linha de execução
espera que mais bytes sejam lidos do InputStream
.
Para enviar dados de saída, chame o método write()
da linha de execução no
a atividade e passar os bytes a serem enviados. Esse método chama write(byte[])
para
envie os dados para o dispositivo remoto. Se um
IOException
é gerado ao chamar
write(byte[])
, a linha de execução envia um aviso à atividade principal, explicando ao
o usuário de que o dispositivo não conseguiu enviar os bytes fornecidos para o outro
(conectado).
O método cancel()
da linha de execução permite encerrar a conexão a qualquer
horário fechando BluetoothSocket
. Sempre chame esse método quando terminar
usando a conexão Bluetooth.
Para ver uma demonstração do uso das APIs Bluetooth, consulte o exemplo de bate-papo Bluetooth
App
no GitHub.
O conteúdo e os exemplos de código nesta página estão sujeitos às licenças descritas na Licença de conteúdo. Java e OpenJDK são marcas registradas da Oracle e/ou suas afiliadas.
Última atualização 2025-07-27 UTC.
[[["Fácil de entender","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Meu problema foi resolvido","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Outro","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Não contém as informações de que eu preciso","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["Muito complicado / etapas demais","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["Desatualizado","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["Problema na tradução","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Problema com as amostras / o código","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["Outro","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Última atualização 2025-07-27 UTC."],[],[],null,["# Transfer Bluetooth data\n\nAfter you have successfully [connected to a Bluetooth\ndevice](/develop/connectivity/bluetooth/connect-bluetooth-devices), each\none has a connected\n[`BluetoothSocket`](/reference/android/bluetooth/BluetoothSocket). You can now\nshare information between devices. Using the `BluetoothSocket`, the general\nprocedure to transfer data is as follows:\n\n1. Get the [`InputStream`](/reference/java/io/InputStream) and\n [`OutputStream`](/reference/java/io/OutputStream) that handle transmissions\n through the socket using\n [`getInputStream()`](/reference/android/bluetooth/BluetoothSocket#getInputStream())\n and\n [`getOutputStream()`](/reference/android/bluetooth/BluetoothSocket#getOutputStream()),\n respectively.\n\n2. Read and write data to the streams using\n [`read(byte[])`](/reference/java/io/InputStream#read(byte%5B%5D)) and\n [`write(byte[])`](/reference/java/io/OutputStream#write(byte%5B%5D)).\n\nThere are, of course, implementation details to consider. In particular, you\nshould use a dedicated thread for reading from the stream and writing to it.\nThis is important because both the `read(byte[])` and `write(byte[])` methods\nare blocking calls. The `read(byte[])` method blocks until there is something to\nread from the stream. The `write(byte[])` method doesn't usually block, but it\ncan block for flow control if the remote device isn't calling `read(byte[])`\nquickly enough and the intermediate buffers become full as a result. So, you\nshould dedicate your main loop in the thread to reading from the `InputStream`.\nYou can use a separate public method in the thread to initiate writes to the\n`OutputStream`.\n\nExample\n-------\n\nThe following is an example of how you can transfer data between two devices\nconnected over Bluetooth: \n\n### Kotlin\n\n```kotlin\nprivate const val TAG = \"MY_APP_DEBUG_TAG\"\n\n// Defines several constants used when transmitting messages between the\n// service and the UI.\nconst val MESSAGE_READ: Int = 0\nconst val MESSAGE_WRITE: Int = 1\nconst val MESSAGE_TOAST: Int = 2\n// ... (Add other message types here as needed.)\n\nclass MyBluetoothService(\n // handler that gets info from Bluetooth service\n private val handler: Handler) {\n\n private inner class ConnectedThread(private val mmSocket: BluetoothSocket) : Thread() {\n\n private val mmInStream: InputStream = mmSocket.inputStream\n private val mmOutStream: OutputStream = mmSocket.outputStream\n private val mmBuffer: ByteArray = ByteArray(1024) // mmBuffer store for the stream\n\n override fun run() {\n var numBytes: Int // bytes returned from read()\n\n // Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs.\n while (true) {\n // Read from the InputStream.\n numBytes = try {\n mmInStream.read(mmBuffer)\n } catch (e: IOException) {\n Log.d(TAG, \"Input stream was disconnected\", e)\n break\n }\n\n // Send the obtained bytes to the UI activity.\n val readMsg = handler.obtainMessage(\n MESSAGE_READ, numBytes, -1,\n mmBuffer)\n readMsg.sendToTarget()\n }\n }\n\n // Call this from the main activity to send data to the remote device.\n fun write(bytes: ByteArray) {\n try {\n mmOutStream.write(bytes)\n } catch (e: IOException) {\n Log.e(TAG, \"Error occurred when sending data\", e)\n\n // Send a failure message back to the activity.\n val writeErrorMsg = handler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_TOAST)\n val bundle = Bundle().apply {\n putString(\"toast\", \"Couldn't send data to the other device\")\n }\n writeErrorMsg.data = bundle\n handler.sendMessage(writeErrorMsg)\n return\n }\n\n // Share the sent message with the UI activity.\n val writtenMsg = handler.obtainMessage(\n MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1, mmBuffer)\n writtenMsg.sendToTarget()\n }\n\n // Call this method from the main activity to shut down the connection.\n fun cancel() {\n try {\n mmSocket.close()\n } catch (e: IOException) {\n Log.e(TAG, \"Could not close the connect socket\", e)\n }\n }\n }\n}\n```\n\n### Java\n\n```java\npublic class MyBluetoothService {\n private static final String TAG = \"MY_APP_DEBUG_TAG\";\n private Handler handler; // handler that gets info from Bluetooth service\n\n // Defines several constants used when transmitting messages between the\n // service and the UI.\n private interface MessageConstants {\n public static final int MESSAGE_READ = 0;\n public static final int MESSAGE_WRITE = 1;\n public static final int MESSAGE_TOAST = 2;\n\n // ... (Add other message types here as needed.)\n }\n\n private class ConnectedThread extends Thread {\n private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;\n private final InputStream mmInStream;\n private final OutputStream mmOutStream;\n private byte[] mmBuffer; // mmBuffer store for the stream\n\n public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {\n mmSocket = socket;\n InputStream tmpIn = null;\n OutputStream tmpOut = null;\n\n // Get the input and output streams; using temp objects because\n // member streams are final.\n try {\n tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();\n } catch (IOException e) {\n Log.e(TAG, \"Error occurred when creating input stream\", e);\n }\n try {\n tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();\n } catch (IOException e) {\n Log.e(TAG, \"Error occurred when creating output stream\", e);\n }\n\n mmInStream = tmpIn;\n mmOutStream = tmpOut;\n }\n\n public void run() {\n mmBuffer = new byte[1024];\n int numBytes; // bytes returned from read()\n\n // Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs.\n while (true) {\n try {\n // Read from the InputStream.\n numBytes = mmInStream.read(mmBuffer);\n // Send the obtained bytes to the UI activity.\n Message readMsg = handler.obtainMessage(\n MessageConstants.MESSAGE_READ, numBytes, -1,\n mmBuffer);\n readMsg.sendToTarget();\n } catch (IOException e) {\n Log.d(TAG, \"Input stream was disconnected\", e);\n break;\n }\n }\n }\n\n // Call this from the main activity to send data to the remote device.\n public void write(byte[] bytes) {\n try {\n mmOutStream.write(bytes);\n\n // Share the sent message with the UI activity.\n Message writtenMsg = handler.obtainMessage(\n MessageConstants.MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1, mmBuffer);\n writtenMsg.sendToTarget();\n } catch (IOException e) {\n Log.e(TAG, \"Error occurred when sending data\", e);\n\n // Send a failure message back to the activity.\n Message writeErrorMsg =\n handler.obtainMessage(MessageConstants.MESSAGE_TOAST);\n Bundle bundle = new Bundle();\n bundle.putString(\"toast\",\n \"Couldn't send data to the other device\");\n writeErrorMsg.setData(bundle);\n handler.sendMessage(writeErrorMsg);\n }\n }\n\n // Call this method from the main activity to shut down the connection.\n public void cancel() {\n try {\n mmSocket.close();\n } catch (IOException e) {\n Log.e(TAG, \"Could not close the connect socket\", e);\n }\n }\n }\n}\n```\n\nAfter the constructor acquires the necessary streams, the thread waits for data\nto come through the `InputStream`. When `read(byte[])` returns with data from\nthe stream, the data is sent to the main activity using a member\n[`Handler`](/reference/android/os/Handler) from the parent class. The thread\nthen waits for more bytes to be read from the `InputStream`.\n\nTo send outgoing data, you call the thread's `write()` method from the main\nactivity and pass in the bytes to be sent. This method calls `write(byte[])` to\nsend the data to the remote device. If an\n[`IOException`](/reference/java/io/IOException) is thrown when calling\n`write(byte[])`, the thread sends a toast to the main activity, explaining to\nthe user that the device couldn't send the given bytes to the other\n(connected) device.\n\nThe thread's `cancel()` method allows you to terminate the connection at any\ntime by closing the `BluetoothSocket`. Always call this method when you're done\nusing the Bluetooth connection.\n\nFor a demonstration of using the Bluetooth APIs, see the [Bluetooth Chat sample\napp](https://github.com/android/connectivity-samples/tree/master/BluetoothChat)\non GitHub."]]