Display a now playing card

TV apps must display a Now Playing card when playing media behind the launcher or in the background. This card allows users to return to the app that is currently playing media.

The Android framework displays a Now Playing card on the home screen when there is an active MediaSession. The card includes media metadata such as album art, title, and app icon. When the user selects the card, the system opens the app.

This lesson shows how to use the MediaSession class to implement the Now Playing card.

Figure 1. Display a Now Playing card when playing media in the background.

Start a media session

Create a MediaSession when your app is preparing to play media. The following code snippet is an example of how to set the appropriate callback and flags:

mSession = MediaSession(this, "MusicService").apply {
    setCallback(MediaSessionCallback())
    setFlags(
            MediaSession.FLAG_HANDLES_MEDIA_BUTTONS or MediaSession.FLAG_HANDLES_TRANSPORT_CONTROLS
    )
}

mSession = new MediaSession(this, "MusicService");
mSession.setCallback(new MediaSessionCallback());
mSession.setFlags(MediaSession.FLAG_HANDLES_MEDIA_BUTTONS |
        MediaSession.FLAG_HANDLES_TRANSPORT_CONTROLS);

Note: The Now Playing card will display only for a media session with the FLAG_HANDLES_TRANSPORT_CONTROLS flag set.

Display a now playing card

The Now Playing card only appears for active sessions. You must call setActive(true) when playback begins. Your app must also request audio focus, as described in Manage audio focus.

private fun handlePlayRequest() {

    tryToGetAudioFocus()

    if (!mSession.isActive) {
        mSession.isActive = true
    }
    ...
}

private void handlePlayRequest() {

    tryToGetAudioFocus();

    if (!mSession.isActive()) {
        mSession.setActive(true);
    }
    ...
}

The card is removed from the launcher screen when a setActive(false) call deactivates the media session, or when another app initiates media playback. If playback is completely stopped and there is no active media, your app should deactivate the media session immediately. If playback is paused, your app should deactivate the media session after a delay, usually between 5 to 30 minutes.

Update the playback state

Update the playback state in the MediaSession so the card can show the state of the current media.

private fun updatePlaybackState() {
    val position: Long =
            mMediaPlayer
                    ?.takeIf { it.isPlaying }
                    ?.currentPosition?.toLong()
                    ?: PlaybackState.PLAYBACK_POSITION_UNKNOWN

    val stateBuilder = PlaybackState.Builder()
            .setActions(getAvailableActions()).apply {
                setState(mState, position, 1.0f)
            }
    mSession.setPlaybackState(stateBuilder.build())
}

private fun getAvailableActions(): Long {
    var actions = (PlaybackState.ACTION_PLAY_PAUSE
            or PlaybackState.ACTION_PLAY_FROM_MEDIA_ID
            or PlaybackState.ACTION_PLAY_FROM_SEARCH)

    mPlayingQueue?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }?.apply {
        actions = if (mState == PlaybackState.STATE_PLAYING) {
            actions or PlaybackState.ACTION_PAUSE
        } else {
            actions or PlaybackState.ACTION_PLAY
        }
        if (mCurrentIndexOnQueue > 0) {
            actions = actions or PlaybackState.ACTION_SKIP_TO_PREVIOUS
        }
        if (mCurrentIndexOnQueue < size - 1) {
            actions = actions or PlaybackState.ACTION_SKIP_TO_NEXT
        }
    }
    return actions
}

private void updatePlaybackState() {
    long position = PlaybackState.PLAYBACK_POSITION_UNKNOWN;
    if (mMediaPlayer != null && mMediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
        position = mMediaPlayer.getCurrentPosition();
    }
    PlaybackState.Builder stateBuilder = new PlaybackState.Builder()
            .setActions(getAvailableActions());
    stateBuilder.setState(mState, position, 1.0f);
    mSession.setPlaybackState(stateBuilder.build());
}

private long getAvailableActions() {
    long actions = PlaybackState.ACTION_PLAY_PAUSE |
            PlaybackState.ACTION_PLAY_FROM_MEDIA_ID |
            PlaybackState.ACTION_PLAY_FROM_SEARCH;
    if (mPlayingQueue == null || mPlayingQueue.isEmpty()) {
        return actions;
    }
    if (mState == PlaybackState.STATE_PLAYING) {
        actions |= PlaybackState.ACTION_PAUSE;
    } else {
        actions |= PlaybackState.ACTION_PLAY;
    }
    if (mCurrentIndexOnQueue > 0) {
        actions |= PlaybackState.ACTION_SKIP_TO_PREVIOUS;
    }
    if (mCurrentIndexOnQueue < mPlayingQueue.size() - 1) {
        actions |= PlaybackState.ACTION_SKIP_TO_NEXT;
    }
    return actions;
}

Display the media metadata

Set the MediaMetadata with the setMetadata() method. This method of the media session object lets you provide information to the Now Playing card about the track such as the title, subtitle, and various icons. The following example assumes your track's data is stored in a custom data class, MediaData.

private fun updateMetadata(myData: MediaData) {
    val metadataBuilder = MediaMetadata.Builder().apply {
        // To provide most control over how an item is displayed set the
        // display fields in the metadata
        putString(MediaMetadata.METADATA_KEY_DISPLAY_TITLE, myData.displayTitle)
        putString(MediaMetadata.METADATA_KEY_DISPLAY_SUBTITLE, myData.displaySubtitle)
        putString(MediaMetadata.METADATA_KEY_DISPLAY_ICON_URI, myData.artUri)
        // And at minimum the title and artist for legacy support
        putString(MediaMetadata.METADATA_KEY_TITLE, myData.title)
        putString(MediaMetadata.METADATA_KEY_ARTIST, myData.artist)
        // A small bitmap for the artwork is also recommended
        putBitmap(MediaMetadata.METADATA_KEY_ART, myData.artBitmap)
        // Add any other fields you have for your data as well
    }
    mSession.setMetadata(metadataBuilder.build())
}

private void updateMetadata(MediaData myData) {
    MediaMetadata.Builder metadataBuilder = new MediaMetadata.Builder();
    // To provide most control over how an item is displayed set the
    // display fields in the metadata
    metadataBuilder.putString(MediaMetadata.METADATA_KEY_DISPLAY_TITLE,
            myData.displayTitle);
    metadataBuilder.putString(MediaMetadata.METADATA_KEY_DISPLAY_SUBTITLE,
            myData.displaySubtitle);
    metadataBuilder.putString(MediaMetadata.METADATA_KEY_DISPLAY_ICON_URI,
            myData.artUri);
    // And at minimum the title and artist for legacy support
    metadataBuilder.putString(MediaMetadata.METADATA_KEY_TITLE,
            myData.title);
    metadataBuilder.putString(MediaMetadata.METADATA_KEY_ARTIST,
            myData.artist);
    // A small bitmap for the artwork is also recommended
    metadataBuilder.putBitmap(MediaMetadata.METADATA_KEY_ART,
            myData.artBitmap);
    // Add any other fields you have for your data as well
    mSession.setMetadata(metadataBuilder.build());
}

Respond to user action

When the user selects the Now Playing card, the system opens the app that owns the session. If your app provides a PendingIntent to setSessionActivity(), the system launches the activity you specify, as demonstrated below. If not, the default system intent opens. The activity you specify must provide playback controls that allow users to pause or stop playback.

val pi: PendingIntent = Intent(context, MyActivity::class.java).let { intent ->
    PendingIntent.getActivity(
            context, 99 /*request code*/,
            intent,
            PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT
    )
}
mSession.setSessionActivity(pi)

Intent intent = new Intent(context, MyActivity.class);
PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(context, 99 /*request code*/,
        intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
mSession.setSessionActivity(pi);