תמיכה ב-TalkBack באפליקציות לטלוויזיה
קל לארגן דפים בעזרת אוספים
אפשר לשמור ולסווג תוכן על סמך ההעדפות שלך.
לפעמים לאפליקציות לטלוויזיה יש תרחישים לדוגמה שמקשים על משתמשים שמסתמכים
TalkBack כדי להשתמש באפליקציה. כדי לספק חוויית TalkBack טובה יותר
מומלץ לעיין בכל אחד מהסעיפים במדריך וליישם את השינויים
האפליקציה בעת הצורך. אם באפליקציה שלך נעשה שימוש בתצוגות בהתאמה אישית, עליך לעיין גם
מדריך תואם שמתאר איך לתמוך בנגישות באמצעות
צפיות.
טיפול בתצוגות בתוך התצוגה
למשתמשי TalkBack יכול להיות קשה לנווט בתצוגות בתוך תצוגות מפורטות. כשהדבר אפשרי,
תצוגה של ההורה או של הילד או הילדה שניתן להתמקד בהם ב-TalkBack, אבל לא לשניהם.
כדי שניתן יהיה להתמקד בתצוגה של TalkBack, מגדירים את focusable
ואת
focusableInTouchMode
למאפיין true
. השלב הזה נחוץ כי
כשמפעילים את TalkBack, חלק ממכשירי הטלוויזיה עשויים להיכנס למצב מגע ולצאת ממנו.
כדי שלא תהיה אפשרות להתמקד בתצוגה מפורטת, אפשר מספיק להגדיר את focusable
ל-false
. עם זאת, אם התצוגה היא מעשית (כלומר,
התואם ל-AccessibilityNodeInfo
יש ACTION_CLICK
), הוא עדיין עשוי
שניתן להתמקד בהם.
שינוי התיאורים של פעולות
כברירת מחדל, TalkBack מכריז "צריך ללחוץ על 'בחירה' כדי להפעיל" לקבלת צפיות פרקטיות.
לגבי פעולות מסוימות, המונח 'הפעלה' הוא לא תיאור טוב. שפת תרגום
לספק תיאור מדויק יותר, תוכלו לשנות אותו:
Kotlin
findViewById<View>(R.id.custom_actionable_view).accessibilityDelegate = object : View.AccessibilityDelegate() {
override fun onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(host: View, info: AccessibilityNodeInfo) {
super.onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(host, info)
info.addAction(
AccessibilityAction(
AccessibilityAction.ACTION_CLICK.id,
getString(R.string.custom_label)
)
)
}
}
Java
findViewById(R.id.custom_actionable_view).setAccessibilityDelegate(new AccessibilityDelegate() {
@Override
public void onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(View host, AccessibilityNodeInfo info) {
super.onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(host, info);
AccessibilityAction action = new AccessibilityAction(
AccessibilityAction.ACTION_CLICK.getId(), getString(R.string.custom_label));
info.addAction(action);
}
});
הוספת תמיכה בפסי הזזה
התכונה TalkBack בטלוויזיה כוללת תמיכה מיוחדת בפסי הזזה. כדי להפעיל את מצב פס ההזזה, צריך להוסיף
ACTION_SET_PROGRESS
לתצוגה יחד עם אובייקט RangeInfo
.
המשתמשים נכנסים למצב פס ההזזה באמצעות לחיצה על הלחצן המרכזי של השלט הרחוק של הטלוויזיה.
במצב הזה, לחצני החיצים יוצרים ACTION_SCROLL_FORWARD
ACTION_SCROLL_BACKWARD
פעולות בנושא נגישות.
הדוגמה הבאה מטמיעה פס הזזה של עוצמת קול עם רמות מ-1 עד 10:
Kotlin
/**
* This example only provides slider functionality for TalkBack users. Additional logic should
* be added for other users. Such logic may reuse the increase and decrease methods.
*/
class VolumeSlider(context: Context?, attrs: AttributeSet?) : LinearLayout(context, attrs) {
private val min = 1
private val max = 10
private var current = 5
private var textView: TextView? = null
init {
isFocusable = true
isFocusableInTouchMode = true
val rangeInfo =
AccessibilityNodeInfo.RangeInfo(
AccessibilityNodeInfo.RangeInfo.RANGE_TYPE_INT,
min.toFloat(),
max.toFloat(),
current.toFloat()
)
accessibilityDelegate =
object : AccessibilityDelegate() {
override fun onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(host: View, info: AccessibilityNodeInfo) {
super.onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(host, info)
info.addAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.AccessibilityAction.ACTION_SET_PROGRESS)
info.rangeInfo = rangeInfo
}
override fun performAccessibilityAction(host: View, action: Int, args: Bundle?): Boolean {
if (action == AccessibilityNodeInfo.AccessibilityAction.ACTION_SCROLL_FORWARD.id) {
increase()
return true
}
if (action == AccessibilityNodeInfo.AccessibilityAction.ACTION_SCROLL_BACKWARD.id) {
decrease()
return true
}
return super.performAccessibilityAction(host, action, args)
}
}
}
override fun onFinishInflate() {
super.onFinishInflate()
textView = findViewById(R.id.text)
textView!!.text = context.getString(R.string.level, current)
}
private fun increase() {
update((current + 1).coerceAtMost(max))
}
private fun decrease() {
update((current - 1).coerceAtLeast(min))
}
private fun update(newLevel: Int) {
if (textView == null) {
return
}
val newText = context.getString(R.string.level, newLevel)
// Update the user interface with the new volume.
textView!!.text = newText
// Announce the new volume.
announceForAccessibility(newText)
current = newLevel
}
}
Java
/**
* This example only provides slider functionality for TalkBack users. Additional logic should
* be added for other users. Such logic can reuse the increase and decrease methods.
*/
public class VolumeSlider extends LinearLayout {
private final int min = 1;
private final int max = 10;
private int current = 5;
private TextView textView;
public VolumeSlider(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
setFocusable(true);
setFocusableInTouchMode(true);
RangeInfo rangeInfo = new RangeInfo(RangeInfo.RANGE_TYPE_INT, min, max, current);
setAccessibilityDelegate(
new AccessibilityDelegate() {
@Override
public void onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(View host, AccessibilityNodeInfo info) {
super.onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(host, info);
info.addAction(AccessibilityAction.ACTION_SET_PROGRESS);
info.setRangeInfo(rangeInfo);
}
@Override
public boolean performAccessibilityAction(View host, int action, Bundle args) {
if (action == AccessibilityAction.ACTION_SCROLL_FORWARD.getId()) {
increase();
return true;
}
if (action == AccessibilityAction.ACTION_SCROLL_BACKWARD.getId()) {
decrease();
return true;
}
return super.performAccessibilityAction(host, action, args);
}
});
}
@Override
protected void onFinishInflate() {
super.onFinishInflate();
textView = findViewById(R.id.text);
textView.setText(getContext().getString(R.string.level, current));
}
private void increase() {
update(Math.min(current + 1, max));
}
private void decrease() {
update(Math.max(current - 1, min));
}
private void update(int newLevel) {
if (textView == null) {
return;
}
String newText = getContext().getString(R.string.level, newLevel);
// Update the user interface with the new volume.
textView.setText(newText);
// Announce the new volume.
announceForAccessibility(newText);
current = newLevel;
}
}
דוגמאות התוכן והקוד שבדף הזה כפופות לרישיונות המפורטים בקטע רישיון לתוכן. Java ו-OpenJDK הם סימנים מסחריים או סימנים מסחריים רשומים של חברת Oracle ו/או של השותפים העצמאיים שלה.
עדכון אחרון: 2025-07-27 (שעון UTC).
[[["התוכן קל להבנה","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["התוכן עזר לי לפתור בעיה","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["סיבה אחרת","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["חסרים לי מידע או פרטים","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["התוכן מורכב מדי או עם יותר מדי שלבים","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["התוכן לא עדכני","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["בעיה בתרגום","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["בעיה בדוגמאות/בקוד","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["סיבה אחרת","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["עדכון אחרון: 2025-07-27 (שעון UTC)."],[],[],null,["# Support TalkBack in TV apps\n\nTV apps sometimes have use cases that make it difficult for users who rely on\n[TalkBack](/guide/topics/ui/accessibility/testing#talkback) to use the app. To provide a better TalkBack experience for these\nusers, review each of the sections in this guide and implement changes in your\napp where necessary. If your app uses custom views, you should also refer to the\n[corresponding guide](/training/tv/accessibility/custom-views) that describes how to support accessibility with custom\nviews.\n\nHandle nested views\n-------------------\n\nNested views can be hard for TalkBack users to navigate. Whenever possible, make\neither the parent or the child view focusable by TalkBack, but not both.\n\nTo make a view focusable by TalkBack, set the [`focusable`](/reference/android/view/View#attr_android:focusable) and the\n[`focusableInTouchMode`](/reference/android/view/View#attr_android:focusableInTouchMode) attribute to `true`. This step is necessary because\nsome TV devices might enter and exit touch mode while TalkBack is active.\n\nTo make a view non-focusable, it is sufficient to set the [`focusable`](/reference/android/view/View#attr_android:focusable)\nattribute to `false`. However, if the view is actionable (that is, its\ncorresponding `AccessibilityNodeInfo` has [`ACTION_CLICK`](/reference/android/view/accessibility/AccessibilityNodeInfo.AccessibilityAction#ACTION_CLICK)), it might still\nbe focusable.\n\nChange descriptions for Actions\n-------------------------------\n\nBy default, TalkBack announces \"Press select to activate\" for actionable views.\nFor some actions, the term \"activate\" might not be a good description. To\nprovide a more accurate description, you can change it: \n\n### Kotlin\n\n```kotlin\nfindViewById\u003cView\u003e(R.id.custom_actionable_view).accessibilityDelegate = object : View.AccessibilityDelegate() {\n override fun onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(host: View, info: AccessibilityNodeInfo) {\n super.onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(host, info)\n info.addAction(\n AccessibilityAction(\n AccessibilityAction.ACTION_CLICK.id,\n getString(R.string.custom_label)\n )\n )\n }\n}\n```\n\n### Java\n\n```java\nfindViewById(R.id.custom_actionable_view).setAccessibilityDelegate(new AccessibilityDelegate() {\n @Override\n public void onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(View host, AccessibilityNodeInfo info) {\n super.onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(host, info);\n AccessibilityAction action = new AccessibilityAction(\n AccessibilityAction.ACTION_CLICK.getId(), getString(R.string.custom_label));\n info.addAction(action);\n }\n});\n```\n\nAdd support for sliders\n-----------------------\n\nTalkBack on TV has special support for sliders. To enable slider mode, add\n[`ACTION_SET_PROGRESS`](/reference/android/view/accessibility/AccessibilityNodeInfo.AccessibilityAction#ACTION_SET_PROGRESS) to a view together with a [`RangeInfo`](/reference/android/view/accessibility/AccessibilityNodeInfo.RangeInfo) object.\n\nThe user enters the slider mode by pressing the center button of the TV remote.\nIn this mode, the arrow buttons generate [`ACTION_SCROLL_FORWARD`](/reference/android/view/accessibility/AccessibilityNodeInfo.AccessibilityAction#ACTION_SCROLL_FORWARD) and\n[`ACTION_SCROLL_BACKWARD`](/reference/android/view/accessibility/AccessibilityNodeInfo.AccessibilityAction#ACTION_SCROLL_BACKWARD) accessibility actions.\n\nThe following example implements a volume slider with levels from 1 to 10: \n\n### Kotlin\n\n```kotlin\n/**\n * This example only provides slider functionality for TalkBack users. Additional logic should\n * be added for other users. Such logic may reuse the increase and decrease methods.\n */\nclass VolumeSlider(context: Context?, attrs: AttributeSet?) : LinearLayout(context, attrs) {\n private val min = 1\n private val max = 10\n private var current = 5\n private var textView: TextView? = null\n\n init {\n isFocusable = true\n isFocusableInTouchMode = true\n val rangeInfo =\n AccessibilityNodeInfo.RangeInfo(\n AccessibilityNodeInfo.RangeInfo.RANGE_TYPE_INT,\n min.toFloat(),\n max.toFloat(),\n current.toFloat()\n )\n accessibilityDelegate =\n object : AccessibilityDelegate() {\n override fun onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(host: View, info: AccessibilityNodeInfo) {\n super.onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(host, info)\n info.addAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.AccessibilityAction.ACTION_SET_PROGRESS)\n info.rangeInfo = rangeInfo\n }\n\n override fun performAccessibilityAction(host: View, action: Int, args: Bundle?): Boolean {\n if (action == AccessibilityNodeInfo.AccessibilityAction.ACTION_SCROLL_FORWARD.id) {\n increase()\n return true\n }\n if (action == AccessibilityNodeInfo.AccessibilityAction.ACTION_SCROLL_BACKWARD.id) {\n decrease()\n return true\n }\n return super.performAccessibilityAction(host, action, args)\n }\n }\n }\n\n override fun onFinishInflate() {\n super.onFinishInflate()\n textView = findViewById(R.id.text)\n textView!!.text = context.getString(R.string.level, current)\n }\n\n private fun increase() {\n update((current + 1).coerceAtMost(max))\n }\n\n private fun decrease() {\n update((current - 1).coerceAtLeast(min))\n }\n\n private fun update(newLevel: Int) {\n if (textView == null) {\n return\n }\n val newText = context.getString(R.string.level, newLevel)\n // Update the user interface with the new volume.\n textView!!.text = newText\n // Announce the new volume.\n announceForAccessibility(newText)\n current = newLevel\n }\n}\n```\n\n### Java\n\n```java\n/**\n * This example only provides slider functionality for TalkBack users. Additional logic should\n * be added for other users. Such logic can reuse the increase and decrease methods.\n */\npublic class VolumeSlider extends LinearLayout {\n private final int min = 1;\n private final int max = 10;\n private int current = 5;\n private TextView textView;\n\n public VolumeSlider(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {\n super(context, attrs);\n setFocusable(true);\n setFocusableInTouchMode(true);\n RangeInfo rangeInfo = new RangeInfo(RangeInfo.RANGE_TYPE_INT, min, max, current);\n setAccessibilityDelegate(\n new AccessibilityDelegate() {\n @Override\n public void onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(View host, AccessibilityNodeInfo info) {\n super.onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(host, info);\n info.addAction(AccessibilityAction.ACTION_SET_PROGRESS);\n info.setRangeInfo(rangeInfo);\n }\n\n @Override\n public boolean performAccessibilityAction(View host, int action, Bundle args) {\n if (action == AccessibilityAction.ACTION_SCROLL_FORWARD.getId()) {\n increase();\n return true;\n }\n if (action == AccessibilityAction.ACTION_SCROLL_BACKWARD.getId()) {\n decrease();\n return true;\n }\n return super.performAccessibilityAction(host, action, args);\n }\n });\n }\n\n @Override\n protected void onFinishInflate() {\n super.onFinishInflate();\n textView = findViewById(R.id.text);\n textView.setText(getContext().getString(R.string.level, current));\n }\n\n private void increase() {\n update(Math.min(current + 1, max));\n }\n\n private void decrease() {\n update(Math.max(current - 1, min));\n }\n\n private void update(int newLevel) {\n if (textView == null) {\n return;\n }\n String newText = getContext().getString(R.string.level, newLevel);\n // Update the user interface with the new volume.\n textView.setText(newText);\n // Announce the new volume.\n announceForAccessibility(newText);\n current = newLevel;\n }\n}\n```"]]