Monitorar o status da conectividade e a limitação de conexão
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O ConnectivityManager
fornece
uma API que permite solicitar que o dispositivo se conecte a uma rede com base em
várias condições, incluindo recursos do dispositivo e opções de transporte de dados.
A implementação do callback fornece informações ao app sobre o status da conexão do dispositivo e os recursos da rede conectada no momento. A API permite determinar se o dispositivo está conectado a uma rede que atende aos requisitos do app.
Para especificar o tipo de transporte da rede, como Wi-Fi ou conexão celular, e os recursos da rede conectada no momento, como conexão de Internet, é necessário configurar uma solicitação de rede.
Declare um NetworkRequest
que
descreva as necessidades de conexão de rede do app. O código a seguir cria uma
solicitação de uma rede conectada à Internet e usa uma conexão Wi-Fi
ou celular para o tipo de transporte.
Kotlin
val networkRequest = NetworkRequest.Builder()
.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
.build()
Java
NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
.build();
Algumas conexões podem ser significativamente mais caras do que outras. Por exemplo, uma conexão móvel geralmente é cara. Use
NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED
para determinar se a conexão é cara. Quando houver uma conexão limitada,
tente reduzir o consumo de dados do seu app ou atrasá-lo até que o dispositivo tenha uma
conexão ilimitada.
Ao registrar o NetworkRequest
com o ConnectivityManager
, é necessário
implementar um
NetworkCallback
para receber notificações sobre mudanças no status da conexão e nas
capacidades da rede.
As funções mais implementadas no NetworkCallback
incluem o seguinte:
onAvailable()
indica que o dispositivo está conectado a uma nova rede que atende aos
requisitos de recursos e tipo de transporte especificados no NetworkRequest
.
onLost()
indica que o dispositivo perdeu a conexão com a rede.
onCapabilitiesChanged()
indica que os recursos da rede mudaram. O objeto
NetworkCapabilities
fornece informações sobre os recursos atuais da rede.
Kotlin
private val networkCallback = object : ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
// network is available for use
override fun onAvailable(network: Network) {
super.onAvailable(network)
}
// Network capabilities have changed for the network
override fun onCapabilitiesChanged(
network: Network,
networkCapabilities: NetworkCapabilities
) {
super.onCapabilitiesChanged(network, networkCapabilities)
val unmetered = networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
}
// lost network connection
override fun onLost(network: Network) {
super.onLost(network)
}
}
Java
private ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback networkCallback = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
@Override
public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network) {
super.onAvailable(network);
}
@Override
public void onLost(@NonNull Network network) {
super.onLost(network);
}
@Override
public void onCapabilitiesChanged(@NonNull Network network, @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {
super.onCapabilitiesChanged(network, networkCapabilities);
final boolean unmetered = networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
}
};
Registrar atualizações de rede
Depois de declarar NetworkRequest
e NetworkCallback
, use as funções
requestNetwork()
ou registerNetworkCallback()
para pesquisar uma rede a ser conectada do dispositivo que satisfaz a
NetworkRequest
. O status é informado ao NetworkCallback
.
Kotlin
val connectivityManager = getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java) as ConnectivityManager
connectivityManager.requestNetwork(networkRequest, networkCallback)
Java
ConnectivityManager connectivityManager =
(ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
connectivityManager.requestNetwork(networkRequest, networkCallback);
O conteúdo e os exemplos de código nesta página estão sujeitos às licenças descritas na Licença de conteúdo. Java e OpenJDK são marcas registradas da Oracle e/ou suas afiliadas.
Última atualização 2025-08-27 UTC.
[[["Fácil de entender","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Meu problema foi resolvido","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Outro","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Não contém as informações de que eu preciso","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["Muito complicado / etapas demais","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["Desatualizado","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["Problema na tradução","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Problema com as amostras / o código","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["Outro","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Última atualização 2025-08-27 UTC."],[],[],null,["The [`ConnectivityManager`](/reference/android/net/ConnectivityManager) provides\nan API that enables you to request that the device connect to a network based on\nvarious conditions that include device capabilities and data transport options.\n\nThe callback implementation provides information to your app about the device's\nconnection status as well as the capabilities of the currently connected\nnetwork. The API enables you to determine whether the device is currently\nconnected to a network that satisfies your app's requirements.\n\nConfigure a network request\n\nTo specify the transport type of the network, such as Wi-Fi or cellular\nconnection, and the currently connected network's capabilities, such as internet\nconnection, you must configure a network request.\n\nDeclare a [`NetworkRequest`](/reference/android/net/NetworkRequest) that\ndescribes your app's network connection needs. The following code creates a\nrequest for a network that is connected to the internet and uses either a Wi-Fi\nor cellular connection for the transport type. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\nval networkRequest = NetworkRequest.Builder()\n .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)\n .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)\n .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)\n .build()\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\nNetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()\n .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)\n .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)\n .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)\n .build();\n```\n\nNote that some connections can be significantly more expensive than others (for\nexample, a mobile connection is typically expensive). Use\n[`NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED`](/reference/android/net/NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)\nto determine whether the connection is expensive. When on a metered connection,\ntry to reduce your app's data consumption, or delay it until the device has a\nnon-metered connection.\n\nConfigure a network callback\n\nWhen you register the `NetworkRequest` with the `ConnectivityManager`, you must\nimplement a\n[`NetworkCallback`](/reference/android/net/ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback)\nto receive notifications about changes in the connection status and network\ncapabilities.\n\nThe most commonly implemented functions in the `NetworkCallback` include the\nfollowing:\n\n- [`onAvailable()`](/reference/android/net/ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback#onAvailable(android.net.Network)) indicates that the device is connected to a new network that satisfies the capabilities and transport type requirements specified in the `NetworkRequest`.\n- [`onLost()`](/reference/android/net/ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback#onLost(android.net.Network)) indicates that the device has lost connection to the network.\n- [`onCapabilitiesChanged()`](/reference/android/net/ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback#onCapabilitiesChanged(android.net.Network,%20android.net.NetworkCapabilities)) indicates that the capabilities of the network have changed. The [`NetworkCapabilities`](/reference/android/net/NetworkCapabilities) object provides information about the current capabilities of the network.\n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\nprivate val networkCallback = object : ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {\n // network is available for use\n override fun onAvailable(network: Network) {\n super.onAvailable(network)\n }\n\n // Network capabilities have changed for the network\n override fun onCapabilitiesChanged(\n network: Network,\n networkCapabilities: NetworkCapabilities\n ) {\n super.onCapabilitiesChanged(network, networkCapabilities)\n val unmetered = networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)\n }\n\n // lost network connection\n override fun onLost(network: Network) {\n super.onLost(network)\n }\n}\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\nprivate ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback networkCallback = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {\n @Override\n public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network) {\n super.onAvailable(network);\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onLost(@NonNull Network network) {\n super.onLost(network);\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onCapabilitiesChanged(@NonNull Network network, @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {\n super.onCapabilitiesChanged(network, networkCapabilities);\n final boolean unmetered = networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);\n }\n};\n```\n\nRegister for network updates\n\nAfter you declare the `NetworkRequest` and `NetworkCallback`, use the\n[`requestNetwork()`](/reference/android/net/ConnectivityManager#requestNetwork(android.net.NetworkRequest,%20android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback))\nor [`registerNetworkCallback()`](/reference/android/net/ConnectivityManager#registerNetworkCallback(android.net.NetworkRequest,%20android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback))\nfunctions to search for a network to connect from the device that satisfies the\n`NetworkRequest`. The status is then reported to the `NetworkCallback`. \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\nval connectivityManager = getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java) as ConnectivityManager\nconnectivityManager.requestNetwork(networkRequest, networkCallback)\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\nConnectivityManager connectivityManager =\n (ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);\nconnectivityManager.requestNetwork(networkRequest, networkCallback);\n```"]]