Android 基準設定檔
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Google 宣布推出適用於 Vulkan 的全新 Android Baseline 2022 設定檔。
當我們發布初始 Android Baseline 設定檔 (2021 版) 時，我們的動機很簡單但很重要。開發人員在確定各種各樣的 Android 裝置可能依賴的功能時，總是面臨著方方面面的挑戰，我們希望為他們消除這些挑戰。
Android Baseline 2021 設定檔搭配 Vulkan 設定檔，解決了這個難題。Vulkan 設定檔搭載一系列 2021 年絕大多數啟用的 Android 裝置中都能找到的 Vulkan 擴充功能、功能、格式和限制。這個設定檔是依據可取得的資料和與 Khronos 合作夥伴的討論而建立，目的在於最大程度提升與現有和未來裝置的相容性，同時也代表超越這些限制條件的最先進 Vulkan 功能集。
我們首次推出 Android Baseline 2021 設定檔時，承諾會在 2022 年更新這個設定檔，因為我們知道 Vulkan 的採用速度很快會達到轉折點。如今，在與 Khronos 合作夥伴進行一年多的資料分析及協調後，我們很高興地宣布，我們已順利建立適用於 Vulkan 的 Android Baseline 2022 設定檔。
與初始的 2021 版設定檔一樣，Android Baseline 2022 設定檔包含 Vulkan 擴充功能、功能、格式和限制，適用於絕大多數 Android 裝置。不過，生態系統經過一年的發展，我們能夠推出更廣泛的功能。我們認為許多開發人員都能從中獲益，並享有這個新設定檔提供的額外功能。
建議您詳閱 GitHub 上的 Android Baseline 2022 設定檔完整內容。
Android Baseline 2022 設定檔包含與 2021 版初始設定檔相同的全部支援功能，其中包含以下實用且重要的功能：
- 透過 ASTC 和 ETC 壓縮紋理
- 透過
VK_EXT_swapchain_colorspace 設定可變色域
- 透過
sampleRateShading 使用陰影取樣和插值多重取樣功能
擴充這項功能時，Android Baseline 2022 設定檔也新增了一系列非常寶貴的改善功能，例如：
- 對 Vulkan 1.1 的完整支援
- 透過
shaderInt16 在著色器中提供 16 位元整數
- 透過
VK_ANDROID_external_memory_android_hardware_buffer 實現 Vulkan 與 Android Hardware Buffer 間的互通性
- 使用
VK_KHR_driver_properties 可查詢 Vulkan 驅動程式屬性
- 使用
VK_KHR_create_renderpass2 可進一步控管轉譯通道建立作業
除了發布 2022 版設定檔外，我們還決定修訂之前的 2021 版設定檔。2021 版設定檔發布時，包含對擴充圖片收集指令集和擴充圖片收集功能集的支援：
"shaderImageGatherExtended": true,"minTexelGatherOffset": -8"maxTexelGatherOffset": 7
在更深入地資料分析和調查之後，我們發現這項收集功能存在錯誤。在支援方面，擴充圖片收集功能的採用率遠低於 Android Baseline 設定檔的需求，因此我們選擇修改 2021 版設定檔，移除這些要求。這項變更會在修訂後的
GitHub 中，以
"revision": 2 的形式顯示在
"history" 下。此外，從 2022 版設定檔中移除了擴充圖片收集功能。
修訂後的 Android Baseline 2021 設定檔仍會顯示在 GitHub 上。
大多數的 Android 裝置都已完全支援 2021 版設定檔和 2022 版設定檔，不必進行無線更新。
我們將繼續在 Android 發布資訊主頁 (https://developer.android.com/about/dashboards) 中，公告這兩種設定檔的 Android 支援百分比。
我們已成功完成承諾的 2021 版設定檔更新，Android Baseline 設定檔目前尚無日後更新項目。我們會根據開發人員、合作夥伴和使用者的需求，視需要更新更廣泛、更進階的 Vulkan 功能集。
這個頁面中的內容和程式碼範例均受《內容授權》中的授權所規範。Java 與 OpenJDK 是 Oracle 和/或其關係企業的商標或註冊商標。
上次更新時間：2024-01-10 (世界標準時間)。
[[["容易理解","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["確實解決了我的問題","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["其他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["缺少我需要的資訊","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["過於複雜/步驟過多","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["過時","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["翻譯問題","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["示例/程式碼問題","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["其他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["上次更新時間：2024-01-10 (世界標準時間)。"],[],[],null,["# Android Baseline profile\n\nToday, Google announced the release of the all new Android Baseline 2022\nprofile for Vulkan.\n\n\nWhen we released the initial Android Baseline profile (version 2021), our\nmotivations were simple but important. We wanted to remove the challenges\ndevelopers consistently encountered when determining what functionality they\ncould rely upon across the diverse set of Android devices.\n\n\nThe Android Baseline 2021 profile addressed this pain point with a Vulkan profile\nthat specified a set of Vulkan extensions, features, formats, and limits that\nwere found on the vast majority of active Android devices in 2021. This profile\nwas created with available data and discussions with Khronos partners to be\nmaximally compatible with both existing and future devices and represents the\nmost advanced set of Vulkan functionality that meets these constraints.\n\n\nWhen we first launched the Android Baseline 2021 profile we committed to a 2022\nrefresh of the profile because we knew that the adoption of Vulkan was quickly\nreaching toward an inflection point. Now, after a year of data analysis and\ncoordination with our Khronos partners, we are happy to announce that we have\nsuccessfully created the Android Baseline 2022 profile for Vulkan.\n\n\nJust as with our initial 2021 profile, the Android Baseline 2022 profile includes\na collection of Vulkan extensions, features, formats and limits that are found\non the vast majority of active Android devices. However, after only a year of\necosystem advancement we were able to push for a much wider set of functionality.\nWe believe that many developers will be able to quickly benefit from the additional\nfunctionality found in this new profile.\n\n\nWe encourage you to read through the full\n[Android Baseline 2022 profile](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Profiles/blob/main/profiles/VP_ANDROID_baseline_2022.json)\non Github.\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\nThe Android Baseline 2022 profile contains all of the same support as the initial\n2021 profile, which included such useful and important functionality as:\n\n- Compressed textures through ASTC and ETC\n- Variable colorspaces through `VK_EXT_swapchain_colorspace`\n- Sample shading and multisample interpolation through `sampleRateShading`\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\nExtending this functionality, the Android Baseline 2022 profile also adds a\ncollection of incredibly valuable improvements, such as:\n\n- Full support for Vulkan 1.1\n- 16 bit integers in shaders through `shaderInt16`\n- Vulkan and [Android Hardware Buffer](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/HardwareBuffer) interoperability through `VK_ANDROID_external_memory_android_hardware_buffer`\n- Querying Vulkan driver properties with `VK_KHR_driver_properties`\n- Greater control over renderpass creation with `VK_KHR_create_renderpass2`\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\nAlongside the release of the 2022 profile we have also made the decision to amend the previous\n2021 profile. When the 2021 profile shipped it contained support for the\nextended set of image gather instructions and extended image gather capability:\n\n- `\"shaderImageGatherExtended\": true,`\n- `\"minTexelGatherOffset\": -8`\n- `\"maxTexelGatherOffset\": 7`\n\nWith greater data analysis and investigation we have discovered that this inclusion was a mistake. The extended image gather functionality is supported at a much lower adoption rate than we demand from the Android Baseline profile, so we chose to amend the 2021 profile to remove these requirements. This change is visible in the amended [Github](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Profiles/blob/master/profiles/VP_ANDROID_baseline_2021.json) as `\"revision\": 2` under `\"history\"`. The extended image gather functionality is also absent from the 2022 profile.\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\nThe amended\n[Android Baseline 2021 profile](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Profiles/blob/master/profiles/VP_ANDROID_baseline_2021.json)\nwill remain visible on Github.\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\nThe vast majority of Android devices already in use fully support both the\n2021 profile and the 2022 profile without the need for an over-the-air update.\n\n\nWe will continue to broadcast the percentage of Android support for both profiles\nin the Android Distribution Dashboard at\n\u003chttps://developer.android.com/about/dashboards\u003e.\n\n\nHaving successfully completed our committed refresh of the 2021 profile, we are\nnot currently committing to any future refreshes of the Android Baseline profile.\nWe will be updating to broader and more advanced sets of Vulkan functionality on\nan as-needed basis, as determined by developers, partners, and users."]]
