行为变更：所有应用

Android 17 平台包含一些行为变更，这些变更可能会影响您的应用。 以下行为变更将影响在 Android 17 上运行的 所有应用， 无论其采用哪种 targetSdkVersion 都不例外。您应该测试您的应用，然后根据需要酌情修改，以便支持这些变更。

此外，请务必查看仅影响以 Android 17 为目标平台的应用的行为变更列表 。

核心功能

Android 17（API 级别 37）包含以下变更，这些变更会修改或扩展 Android 系统的各种核心功能。

应用内存限制

Android 17 introduces app memory limits based on the device's total RAM to create a more stable and deterministic environment for your applications and Android users. In Android 17, limits are set conservatively to establish system baselines, targeting extreme memory leaks and other outliers before they trigger system-wide instability resulting in UI stuttering, higher battery drain, and apps being killed. While we anticipate minimal impact on the vast majority of app sessions, we recommend the following memory best practices, including establishing a baseline for memory.

You can determine if your app session was impacted by calling getDescription in ApplicationExitInfo; if your app was affected, the exit reason will be REASON_OTHER and the description will contain the string "MemoryLimiter:AnonSwap" along with other information. You can also use trigger-based profiling with TRIGGER_TYPE_ANOMALY to get heap dumps that are collected when the memory limit is hit.

The LeakCanary task in the Android Studio Profiler.

To help you find memory leaks, Android Studio Panda adds LeakCanary integration directly in the Android Studio Profiler as a dedicated task, contextualized within the IDE and fully integrated with your source code.

安全

Android 17 包含设备和应用安全方面的以下改进。

usesClearTraffic 弃用计划

我们计划在未来的版本中弃用 usesCleartextTraffic 元素。需要建立未加密 (HTTP) 连接的应用应迁移为使用网络安全配置文件，该文件可让您指定应用需要与哪些网域建立明文连接。

请注意，网络安全配置文件仅在 API 级别 24 及更高版本中受支持。如果您的应用的最低 API 级别低于 24，您应执行以下两项操作：

  • 将 usesCleartextTraffic 属性设置为 true
  • 使用网络配置文件

如果应用的最低 API 级别为 24 或更高，您可以使用网络配置文件，而无需设置 usesCleartextTraffic。

限制隐式 URI 授权

目前，如果应用使用具有 Send、 SendMultiple 或 ImageCapture 操作的 URI 启动 intent，系统会自动向目标应用授予读取和 写入 URI 权限。我们计划在 Android 18 中更改此行为。因此，我们建议应用显式授予相关 URI 权限，而不是依赖系统来授予这些权限。

每个应用的密钥库限制

应用应避免在 Android 密钥库中创建过多的密钥，因为它是设备上所有应用的共享资源。从 Android 17 开始，系统会强制限制应用可拥有的密钥数量。对于以 Android 17（API 级别 37）或更高版本为目标平台的非系统应用，密钥数量上限为 50,000 个；对于所有其他应用，密钥数量上限为 200,000 个。无论系统应用以哪个 API 级别为目标，其密钥数量上限均为 20 万。

如果应用尝试创建超出限制的密钥，则创建会失败并显示 KeyStoreException。异常的消息字符串包含有关密钥限制的信息。如果应用针对异常调用 getNumericErrorCode()，则返回值取决于应用的目标 API 级别：

  • 如果应用以 Android 17（API 级别 37）或更高版本为目标平台，getNumericErrorCode() 会返回新的 ERROR_TOO_MANY_KEYS 值。
  • 所有其他应用：getNumericErrorCode() 返回 ERROR_INCORRECT_USAGE。

用户体验和系统界面

Android 17 包含以下变更，旨在打造更加一致、直观的用户体验。

在旋转后恢复默认 IME 可见性

Beginning with Android 17, when the device's configuration changes (for example, through rotation), and this is not handled by the app itself, the previous IME visibility is not restored.

If your app undergoes a configuration change that it does not handle, and the app needs the keyboard to be visible after the change, you must explicitly request this. You can make this request in one of the following ways:

  • Set the android:windowSoftInputMode attribute to stateAlwaysVisible.
  • Programmatically request the soft keyboard in your activity's onCreate() method, or add the onConfigurationChanged() method.

人工干预

Android 17 包含以下变更，这些变更会影响应用与键盘和触控板等人工输入设备的互动方式。

在指针捕获期间，触控板默认提供相对事件

Beginning with Android 17, if an app requests pointer capture using View.requestPointerCapture() and the user uses a touchpad, the system recognizes pointer movement and scrolling gestures from the user's touches and reports them to the app in the same way as pointer and scroll wheel movements from a captured mouse. In most cases, this removes the need for apps that support captured mice to add special handling logic for touchpads. For more details, see the documentation for View.POINTER_CAPTURE_MODE_RELATIVE.

Previously, the system did not attempt to recognize gestures from the touchpad, and instead delivered the raw, absolute finger locations to the app in a similar format to touchscreen touches. If an app still requires this absolute data, it should call the new View.requestPointerCapture(int) method with View.POINTER_CAPTURE_MODE_ABSOLUTE instead.

媒体

Android 17 包含媒体行为方面的以下变更。

后台音频安全加固

从 Android 17 开始，音频框架会对后台音频互动（包括音频播放、音频焦点请求和音量更改 API）强制执行限制，以确保这些更改是由用户有意发起的。

如果应用尝试在应用未处于有效生命周期时调用音频 API，则音频播放和音量更改 API 会以静默方式失败，而不会抛出异常或提供失败消息。音频焦点 API 会失败，并返回结果代码 AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED。

如需了解详情（包括缓解措施），请参阅后台音频安全加固。

连接

Android 17 包含以下变更，旨在增强设备连接。

在蓝牙绑定丢失时自动重新配对

Android 17 introduces autonomous re-pairing, a system-level enhancement designed to automatically resolve Bluetooth bond loss.

Previously, if a bond was lost, users had to manually navigate to Settings to unpair and then re-pair the peripheral. This feature builds upon the security improvement of Android 16 by allowing the system to re-establish bonds in the background without requiring users to manually navigate to Settings to unpair and re-pair peripherals.

While most apps will not require code changes, developers should be aware of the following behavior changes in Bluetooth stack:

  • New pairing context: The ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST now includes the EXTRA_PAIRING_CONTEXT extra which allows apps to distinguish between a standard pairing request and an autonomous system-initiated re-pairing attempt.
  • Conditional key updates: Existing security keys will only be replaced if the re-pairing is successful and new connection meets or exceeds the security level of the previous bond.
  • Modified intent timing: The ACTION_KEY_MISSING intent is now broadcast only if the autonomous re-pairing attempt fails. This reduces unnecessary error handling in the app if the system successfully recovers the bond in the background.
  • User notification: The system manages re-pairing via new UI notifications and dialogs. Users will be prompted to confirm the re-pairing attempt to ensure they are aware of the reconnection.

Peripheral device manufacturers and companion app developers should verify that hardware and app gracefully handle bond transitions. To test this behavior, simulate a remote bond loss using either of the following methods:

  • Manually remove the bond information from the peripheral device
  • Manually unpair the device in: Settings > Connected devices