La plate-forme Android 17 apporte des modifications de comportement susceptibles d'affecter votre application. Les modifications de comportement suivantes s'appliquent à toutes les applications lorsqu'elles s'exécutent sur Android 17, peu importe la targetSdkVersion. Vous devez tester votre application, puis la modifier si nécessaire afin de prendre en charge ces modifications, le cas échéant.
Veillez également à consulter la liste des modifications de comportement qui n'affectent que les applications ciblant Android 17.
Fonctionnalité de base
Android 17 (niveau d'API 37) inclut les modifications suivantes qui modifient ou étendent diverses fonctionnalités de base du système Android.
Limites de mémoire des applications
Android 17 introduces app memory limits based on the device's total RAM to create a more stable and deterministic environment for your applications and Android users. In Android 17, limits are set conservatively to establish system baselines, targeting extreme memory leaks and other outliers before they trigger system-wide instability resulting in UI stuttering, higher battery drain, and apps being killed. While we anticipate minimal impact on the vast majority of app sessions, we recommend the following memory best practices, including establishing a baseline for memory.
You can determine if your app session was impacted by calling
getDescription in ApplicationExitInfo; if your app was
affected, the exit reason will be REASON_OTHER and
the description will contain the string "MemoryLimiter:AnonSwap" along with
other information. You can also use trigger-based profiling with
TRIGGER_TYPE_ANOMALY to get heap dumps that are collected when the
memory limit is hit.
To help you find memory leaks, Android Studio Panda adds LeakCanary integration directly in the Android Studio Profiler as a dedicated task, contextualized within the IDE and fully integrated with your source code.
Sécurité
Android 17 inclut les améliorations suivantes concernant la sécurité des appareils et des applications.
Plan d'abandon de usesClearTraffic
Dans une prochaine version, nous prévoyons d'abandonner l'élément usesCleartextTraffic.
Les applications qui doivent établir des connexions non chiffrées (HTTP) doivent migrer vers l'utilisation d'un fichier de configuration de la sécurité réseau, qui vous permet de spécifier les domaines auxquels votre application doit établir des connexions en texte clair.
Notez que les fichiers de configuration de la sécurité réseau ne sont compatibles qu'avec le niveau d'API 24 et les niveaux supérieurs. Si le niveau d'API minimal de votre application est inférieur à 24, vous devez effectuer les deux actions suivantes :
- Définissez l'attribut
usesCleartextTrafficsurtrue. - Utiliser un fichier de configuration réseau
Si le niveau d'API minimal de votre application est de 24 ou plus, vous pouvez utiliser un fichier de configuration réseau et vous n'avez pas besoin de définir usesCleartextTraffic.
Restreindre les autorisations d'URI implicites
Actuellement, si une application lance un intent avec un URI dont l'action est Send,
SendMultiple, ou ImageCapture, le système accorde automatiquement les autorisations de lecture et
d'écriture de l'URI à l'application cible. Nous prévoyons de modifier ce comportement dans
Android 18. C'est pourquoi nous vous recommandons d'accorder explicitement les autorisations d'URI appropriées au lieu de laisser le système le faire.
Limites du keystore par application
Apps should avoid creating excessive numbers of keys in Android Keystore, because it is a shared resource for all apps on the device. Beginning with Android 17, the system enforces a limit on the number of keys an app can own. The limit is 50,000 keys for non-system apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, and 200,000 keys for all other apps. System apps have a limit of 200,000 keys, regardless of which API level they target.
If an app attempts to create keys beyond the limit, the creation fails with a
KeyStoreException. The exception's message string contains information
about the key limit. If the app calls getNumericErrorCode() on the
exception, the return value depends on what API level the app targets:
- Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher:
getNumericErrorCode()returns the newERROR_TOO_MANY_KEYSvalue. - All other apps:
getNumericErrorCode()returnsERROR_INCORRECT_USAGE.
Expérience utilisateur et UI du système
Android 17 inclut les modifications suivantes, qui visent à créer une expérience utilisateur plus cohérente et intuitive.
Restaurer la visibilité de l'IME par défaut après une rotation
Beginning with Android 17, when the device's configuration changes (for example, through rotation), and this is not handled by the app itself, the previous IME visibility is not restored.
If your app undergoes a configuration change that it does not handle, and the app needs the keyboard to be visible after the change, you must explicitly request this. You can make this request in one of the following ways:
- Set the
android:windowSoftInputModeattribute tostateAlwaysVisible. - Programmatically request the soft keyboard in your activity's
onCreate()method, or add theonConfigurationChanged()method.
Action humaine
Android 17 inclut les modifications suivantes qui affectent la façon dont les applications interagissent avec les périphériques d'entrée tels que les claviers et les pavés tactiles.
Les pavés tactiles génèrent des événements relatifs par défaut lors de la capture du pointeur
Beginning with Android 17, if an app requests pointer capture using
View.requestPointerCapture() and the user uses a touchpad, the system
recognizes pointer movement and scrolling gestures from the user's touches and
reports them to the app in the same way as pointer and scroll wheel movements
from a captured mouse. In most cases, this removes the need for apps that
support captured mice to add special handling logic for touchpads. For more
details, see the documentation for View.POINTER_CAPTURE_MODE_RELATIVE.
Previously, the system did not attempt to recognize gestures from the touchpad,
and instead delivered the raw, absolute finger locations to the app in a similar
format to touchscreen touches. If an app still requires this absolute data, it
should call the new View.requestPointerCapture(int) method with
View.POINTER_CAPTURE_MODE_ABSOLUTE instead.
Contenus multimédias
Android 17 inclut les modifications suivantes concernant le comportement des contenus multimédias.
Renforcement de l'audio en arrière-plan
Beginning with Android 17, the audio framework enforces restrictions on background audio interactions including audio playback, audio focus requests, and volume change APIs to ensure that these changes are started intentionally by the user.
If the app tries to call audio APIs while the app is not in a valid lifecycle,
the audio playback and volume change APIs fail silently without throwing an
exception or providing a failure message. The audio focus API fails with the
result code AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED.
For more information, including mitigation strategies, see Background audio hardening.
Connectivité
Android 17 inclut les modifications suivantes pour améliorer la connectivité des appareils.
Réassociation autonome en cas de perte de l'association Bluetooth
Android 17 introduces autonomous re-pairing, a system-level enhancement designed to automatically resolve Bluetooth bond loss.
Previously, if a bond was lost, users had to manually navigate to Settings to unpair and then re-pair the peripheral. This feature builds upon the security improvement of Android 16 by allowing the system to re-establish bonds in the background without requiring users to manually navigate to Settings to unpair and re-pair peripherals.
While most apps will not require code changes, developers should be aware of the following behavior changes in Bluetooth stack:
- New pairing context: The
ACTION_PAIRING_REQUESTnow includes theEXTRA_PAIRING_CONTEXTextra which allows apps to distinguish between a standard pairing request and an autonomous system-initiated re-pairing attempt. - Conditional key updates: Existing security keys will only be replaced if the re-pairing is successful and new connection meets or exceeds the security level of the previous bond.
- Modified intent timing: The
ACTION_KEY_MISSINGintent is now broadcast only if the autonomous re-pairing attempt fails. This reduces unnecessary error handling in the app if the system successfully recovers the bond in the background. - User notification: The system manages re-pairing via new UI notifications and dialogs. Users will be prompted to confirm the re-pairing attempt to ensure they are aware of the reconnection.
Peripheral device manufacturers and companion app developers should verify that hardware and app gracefully handle bond transitions. To test this behavior, simulate a remote bond loss using either of the following methods:
- Manually remove the bond information from the peripheral device
- Manually unpair the device in: Settings > Connected devices