Оптимизируйте свои подборки
Сохраняйте и классифицируйте контент в соответствии со своими настройками.
В отличие от большинства тестов пользовательского интерфейса Android, тесты Macrobenchmark выполняются отдельно от самого приложения. Это необходимо для включения таких функций, как остановка процесса приложения и компиляция байт-кода DEX в машинный код.
Вы можете управлять состоянием своего приложения с помощью библиотеки UIAutomator или других механизмов, которые могут управлять целевым приложением из процесса тестирования. Вы не можете использовать Espresso или ActivityScenario для Macrobenchmark, поскольку они планируют работать в общем процессе с приложением.
В следующем примере RecyclerView находит RecyclerView по идентификатору ресурса и несколько раз прокручивает вниз:
Котлин
@TestfunscrollList(){benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(// ...setupBlock={// Before starting to measure, navigate to the UI to be measuredvalintent=Intent("$packageName.RECYCLER_VIEW_ACTIVITY")startActivityAndWait(intent)}){valrecycler=device.findObject(By.res(packageName,"recycler"))// Set gesture margin to avoid triggering gesture navigation// with input events from automation.recycler.setGestureMargin(device.displayWidth/5)// Scroll down several timesrepeat(3){recycler.fling(Direction.DOWN)}}}
@TestpublicvoidscrollList(){benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(// .../* setupBlock */scope->{// Before measuring, navigate to the UI to be measured.valintent=Intent("$packageName.RECYCLER_VIEW_ACTIVITY")scope.startActivityAndWait();returnUnit.INSTANCE;},/* measureBlock */scope->{UiDevicedevice=scope.getDevice();UiObject2recycler=device.findObject(By.res(scope.getPackageName(),"recycler"));// Set gesture margin to avoid triggering gesture navigation// with input events from automation.recycler.setGestureMargin(device.getDisplayWidth()/5);// Fling the recycler several times.for(inti=0;i<3;i++){recycler.fling(Direction.DOWN);}returnUnit.INSTANCE;});}
Ваш тест не требует прокрутки пользовательского интерфейса. Вместо этого он может, например, запустить анимацию. Также нет необходимости специально использовать UI Automator. Он собирает показатели производительности, пока система просмотра создает кадры, включая кадры, созданные Jetpack Compose .
Перейдите к внутренним частям приложения.
Иногда вам нужно протестировать части вашего приложения, к которым нет прямого доступа извне. Это может быть, например, доступ к внутренним действиям, отмеченным exported=false , переход к Fragment или удаление некоторой части вашего пользовательского интерфейса. Тесты должны вручную переходить к этим частям приложения, как пользователь.
Для навигации вручную измените код внутри setupBlock{} чтобы он содержал нужный вам эффект, например нажатие кнопки или пролистывание. Ваш measureBlock{} содержит только те манипуляции с пользовательским интерфейсом, которые вы хотите протестировать:
Котлин
@TestfunnonExportedActivityScrollList(){benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(// ...setupBlock=setupBenchmark()){// ...}}privatefunsetupBenchmark():MacrobenchmarkScope.()->Unit={// Before starting to measure, navigate to the UI to be measuredstartActivityAndWait()// click a button to launch the target activity.// While we use button text here to find the button, you could also use// accessibility info or resourceId.valselector=By.text("RecyclerView")if(!device.wait(Until.hasObject(selector),5_500)){fail("Could not find resource in time")}vallaunchRecyclerActivity=device.findObject(selector)launchRecyclerActivity.click()// wait until the activity is showndevice.wait(Until.hasObject(By.clazz("$packageName.NonExportedRecyclerActivity")),TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(10))}
@TestpublicvoidscrollList(){benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(// .../* setupBlock */scope->{// Before measuring, navigate to the default activity.scope.startActivityAndWait();// Click a button to launch the target activity.// While you use resourceId here to find the button, you can also// use accessibility info or button text content.UiObject2launchRecyclerActivity=scope.getDevice().findObject(By.res(packageName,"launchRecyclerActivity"))launchRecyclerActivity.click();// Wait until activity is shown.scope.getDevice().wait(Until.hasObject(By.clazz("$packageName.NonExportedRecyclerActivity")),10000L)returnUnit.INSTANCE;},/* measureBlock */scope->{// ...});}
{% дословно %} {% дословно %}
Рекомендуется для вас
Примечание. Текст ссылки отображается, когда JavaScript отключен.
Контент и образцы кода на этой странице предоставлены по лицензиям. Java и OpenJDK – это зарегистрированные товарные знаки корпорации Oracle и ее аффилированных лиц.
Последнее обновление: 2025-09-09 UTC.
[[["Прост для понимания","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Помог мне решить мою проблему","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Другое","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Отсутствует нужная мне информация","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["Слишком сложен/слишком много шагов","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["Устарел","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["Проблема с переводом текста","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Проблемы образцов/кода","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["Другое","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Последнее обновление: 2025-09-09 UTC."],[],[],null,["# Control your app from Macrobenchmark\n\nUnlike most Android UI tests, Macrobenchmark tests run in a separate process\nfrom the app itself. This is necessary to enable things like stopping the\napp process and compiling from DEX bytecode to machine code.\n\nYou can drive your app's state using the [UIAutomator library](/training/testing/ui-automator) or other\nmechanisms that can control the target app from the test process.\nYou can't use [Espresso](/training/testing/espresso) or [`ActivityScenario`](/reference/androidx/test/core/app/ActivityScenario) for\nMacrobenchmark because they expect to run in a shared process with the app.\n\nThe following example finds a [`RecyclerView`](/reference/androidx/recyclerview/widget/RecyclerView) using its resource ID and\nscrolls down several times: \n\n### Kotlin\n\n```kotlin\n@Test\nfun scrollList() {\n benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(\n // ...\n setupBlock = {\n // Before starting to measure, navigate to the UI to be measured\n val intent = Intent(\"$packageName.RECYCLER_VIEW_ACTIVITY\")\n startActivityAndWait(intent)\n }\n ) {\n val recycler = device.findObject(By.res(packageName, \"recycler\"))\n // Set gesture margin to avoid triggering gesture navigation\n // with input events from automation.\n recycler.setGestureMargin(device.displayWidth / 5)\n\n // Scroll down several times\n repeat(3) { recycler.fling(Direction.DOWN) }\n }\n}https://github.com/android/performance-samples/blob/570221d3f49d49e45af7970c04c1fe3a72d6df33/MacrobenchmarkSample/macrobenchmark/src/main/java/com/example/macrobenchmark/benchmark/frames/FrameTimingBenchmark.kt#L44-L70\n```\n\n### Java\n\n```java\n@Test\npublic void scrollList() {\n benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(\n // ...\n /* setupBlock */ scope -\u003e {\n // Before measuring, navigate to the UI to be measured.\n val intent = Intent(\"$packageName.RECYCLER_VIEW_ACTIVITY\")\n scope.startActivityAndWait();\n return Unit.INSTANCE;\n },\n /* measureBlock */ scope -\u003e {\n UiDevice device = scope.getDevice();\n UiObject2 recycler = device.findObject(By.res(scope.getPackageName(), \"recycler\"));\n\n // Set gesture margin to avoid triggering gesture navigation\n // with input events from automation.\n recycler.setGestureMargin(device.getDisplayWidth() / 5);\n\n // Fling the recycler several times.\n for (int i = 0; i \u003c 3; i++) {\n recycler.fling(Direction.DOWN);\n }\n\n return Unit.INSTANCE;\n }\n );\n}\n```\n\nYour benchmark doesn't have to scroll the UI. Instead, it can run an\nanimation, for example. It also doesn't need to use UI Automator\nspecifically. It collects performance metrics as long as frames are being\nproduced by the view system, including frames produced by [Jetpack Compose](/jetpack/compose).\n| **Note:** When accessing UI objects, specify the `packageName`, because the tests run in a separate process.\n\nNavigate to internal parts of the app\n-------------------------------------\n\nSometimes you want to benchmark parts of your app that aren't directly\naccessible from outside. This might be, for example, accessing inner Activities\nthat are marked with [`exported=false`](/guide/topics/manifest/activity-element#exported), navigating to a [`Fragment`](/reference/android/app/Fragment), or swiping\nsome part of your UI away. The benchmarks need to manually navigate to these\nparts of the app like a user.\n\nTo manually navigate, change the code inside `setupBlock{}` to contain the\neffect you want, such as button tap or swipe. Your `measureBlock{}` contains\nonly the UI manipulation you want to actually benchmark: \n\n### Kotlin\n\n```kotlin\n@Test\nfun nonExportedActivityScrollList() {\n benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(\n // ...\n setupBlock = setupBenchmark()\n ) {\n // ...\n }\n}\n\nprivate fun setupBenchmark(): MacrobenchmarkScope.() -\u003e Unit = {\n // Before starting to measure, navigate to the UI to be measured\n startActivityAndWait()\n\n // click a button to launch the target activity.\n // While we use button text here to find the button, you could also use\n // accessibility info or resourceId.\n val selector = By.text(\"RecyclerView\")\n if (!device.wait(Until.hasObject(selector), 5_500)) {\n fail(\"Could not find resource in time\")\n }\n val launchRecyclerActivity = device.findObject(selector)\n launchRecyclerActivity.click()\n\n // wait until the activity is shown\n device.wait(\n Until.hasObject(By.clazz(\"$packageName.NonExportedRecyclerActivity\")),\n TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(10)\n )\n}https://github.com/android/performance-samples/blob/570221d3f49d49e45af7970c04c1fe3a72d6df33/MacrobenchmarkSample/macrobenchmark/src/main/java/com/example/macrobenchmark/benchmark/frames/NonExportedActivityBenchmark.kt#L48-L94\n```\n\n### Java\n\n```java\n@Test\npublic void scrollList() {\n benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(\n // ...\n /* setupBlock */ scope -\u003e {\n // Before measuring, navigate to the default activity.\n scope.startActivityAndWait();\n\n // Click a button to launch the target activity.\n // While you use resourceId here to find the button, you can also\n // use accessibility info or button text content.\n UiObject2 launchRecyclerActivity = scope.getDevice().findObject(\n By.res(packageName, \"launchRecyclerActivity\")\n )\n launchRecyclerActivity.click();\n\n // Wait until activity is shown.\n scope.getDevice().wait(\n Until.hasObject(By.clazz(\"$packageName.NonExportedRecyclerActivity\")),\n 10000L\n )\n\n return Unit.INSTANCE;\n },\n /* measureBlock */ scope -\u003e {\n // ...\n }\n );\n}\n```\n\nRecommended for you\n-------------------\n\n- Note: link text is displayed when JavaScript is off\n- [Writing a Macrobenchmark](/topic/performance/benchmarking/macrobenchmark-overview)\n- [Capture Macrobenchmark metrics](/topic/performance/benchmarking/macrobenchmark-metrics)\n- [Microbenchmark](/topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-overview)"]]