Get started with PHR on the Android framework APIs
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To use the Android framework APIs for Personal Health Records (PHR), you must:

Configure the environment using Android Studio
Instantiate HealthConnectManager
Handle permissions
Create data sources

Configure the environment using Android Studio

In order to have access to the latest APIs, you also need access to the latest relevant tooling:

Install the latest version of Android Studio.
In Android Studio, go to Tools > SDK Manager.
- In the SDK Platforms tab, select Android Baklava.
- This version includes API level 36 and PHR APIs.
- In the SDK Tools tab, select the latest available Android SDK Build-Tools.
- Click OK to install the SDK.
Use the latest available version of the Android Gradle plugin.

Declare API levels

To access the PHR APIs, you will need to target the appropriate version of Android. This is done by declaring API levels in app/build.gradle.

...
compileSdk = 36

defaultConfig {
  targetSdk = 36
...

Learn more about configuring API levels in the uses-sdk-element and Set up the Android 16 sdk documentation.

Declare Permissions

Add new PHR permissions in AndroidManifest.xml. Declare permissions only for those data types that you intend to use in your application. The complete list of medical related permissions is shown in the code block. Non-PHR-related permissions for health connect are not included.

...
  <!--  Medical permissions -->
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.health.WRITE_MEDICAL_DATA"/>
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_ALLERGIES_INTOLERANCES"/>
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_CONDITIONS"/>
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_IMMUNIZATIONS"/>
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_LABORATORY_RESULTS"/>
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_MEDICATIONS"/>
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_PERSONAL_DETAILS"/>
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_PRACTITIONER_DETAILS"/>
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_PREGNANCY"/>
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_PROCEDURES"/>
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_SOCIAL_HISTORY"/>
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_VISITS"/>
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_VITAL_SIGNS"/>
...

If an application attempts to exercise an API that requires a permission, and that permission is not declared in the app's manifest, a SecurityException will be thrown.

For an exception of type SecurityException, a useful error message will be available in exception.localizedMessage.

Instantiate HealthConnectManager

HealthConnectManager is the class responsible for handling permissions interactions as well as reads and writes to the Health Connect local data repository. We will explore the instance methods of HealthConnectManager in subsequent sections. As HealthConnectManager exposes a system service, you cannot instantiate this class directly and must use getSystemService. In particular, note that the system service is tightly coupled with the context it is instantiated against and shouldn't be made accessible outside of that context.

import android.health.connect.HealthConnectManager
...
val healthConnectManager: HealthConnectManager = requireNotNull(applicationContext.getSystemService(HealthConnectManager::class.java))

Handle permissions

The user of your application must grant your application the permission to access Health Connect data. To do this, launch a new activity with the permissions specified, and consume the resulting list of granted permissions. The new activity's UI will allow the user to select the permissions they need to give your app. Request permissions only for those data types you intend your application to use.

val MEDICAL_PERMISSIONS = arrayOf(
            "android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_ALLERGIES_INTOLERANCES",
            "android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_CONDITIONS",
            "android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_IMMUNIZATIONS",
            "android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_LABORATORY_RESULTS",
            "android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_MEDICATIONS",
            "android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_PERSONAL_DETAILS",
            "android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_PRACTITIONER_DETAILS",
            "android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_PREGNANCY",
            "android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_PROCEDURES",
            "android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_SOCIAL_HISTORY",
            "android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_VISITS",
            "android.permission.health.READ_MEDICAL_DATA_VITAL_SIGNS",
            "android.permission.health.WRITE_MEDICAL_DATA",
        )
...
private lateinit var mRequestPermissionLauncher: ActivityResultLauncher<Array<String>>
...
mRequestPermissionLauncher =
        registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions()) {
            permissionMap: Map<String, Boolean> ->
            requestPermissionResultHandler(permissionMap)
        }
}
...
private fun requestPermissionResultHandler(permissionMap: Map<String, Boolean>) {
    // Evaluate permissionMap and handle any missing permissions
}
...
mRequestPermissionLauncher.launch(MEDICAL_PERMISSIONS)

Attempting to read or write without a required permission will result in a HealthConnectException.

For an exception of type HealthConnectException, a useful error message will be available in exception.localizedMessage.

Create data sources

To write health data into Health Connect, your application must first create a data source to hold the information. A data source typically represents a particular API or medical system.

In the example, we create a data source called My Hospital and specify the FHIR version.

import android.health.connect.CreateMedicalDataSourceRequest
import android.health.connect.HealthConnectManager
import android.health.connect.datatypes.FhirVersion
import android.health.connect.datatypes.MedicalDataSource
import android.net.Uri
import android.util.Log
import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
import androidx.core.os.asOutcomeReceiver
import kotlinx.coroutines.suspendCancellableCoroutine
...
private suspend fun createMedicalDataSource(
    fhirBaseUri: Uri,
    displayName: String,
    fhirVersion: FhirVersion,
): String {
    val dataSource =
        suspendCancellableCoroutine<MedicalDataSource> { continuation ->
            healthConnectManager.createMedicalDataSource(
                CreateMedicalDataSourceRequest.Builder(fhirBaseUri,
                                                       displayName,
                                                       fhirVersion).build(),
                Runnable::run,
                continuation.asOutcomeReceiver(),
            )
        }
    Log.d("CREATE_DATA_SOURCE", "Created source: $dataSource")
    return "Created data source: $displayName"
}
...
createMedicalDataSource(
    Uri.parse("example.fhir.com/R4/123"),
    "My Hospital",
    FhirVersion.parseFhirVersion("4.0.1"),
)

Write records

Prepare example FHIR records in JSON. There are various sources around the web with example data in FHIR format.

{
  "resourceType": "Immunization",
  "id": "immunization-1",
  "status": "completed",
  "vaccineCode": {
    "coding": [
      {
        "system": "http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/cvx",
        "code": "115"
      },
      {
        "system": "http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/ndc",
        "code": "58160-842-11"
      }
    ],
    "text": "Tdap"
  },
  "patient": {
    "reference": "Patient/patient_1",
    "display": "Example, Anne"
  },
  "encounter": {
    "reference": "Encounter/encounter_unk",
    "display": "GP Visit"
  },
  "occurrenceDateTime": "2018-05-21",
  "primarySource": true,
  "manufacturer": {
    "display": "Sanofi Pasteur"
  },
  "lotNumber": "1",
  "site": {
    "coding": [
      {
        "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-ActSite",
        "code": "LA",
        "display": "Left Arm"
      }
    ],
    "text": "Left Arm"
  },
  "route": {
    "coding": [
      {
        "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-RouteOfAdministration",
        "code": "IM",
        "display": "Injection, intramuscular"
      }
    ],
    "text": "Injection, intramuscular"
  },
  "doseQuantity": {
    "value": 0.5,
    "unit": "mL"
  },
  "performer": [
    {
      "function": {
        "coding": [
          {
            "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v2-0443",
            "code": "AP",
            "display": "Administering Provider"
          }
        ],
        "text": "Administering Provider"
      },
      "actor": {
        "reference": "Practitioner/practitioner_1",
        "type": "Practitioner",
        "display": "Dr Maria Hernandez"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Insert the data:

import android.health.connect.UpsertMedicalResourceRequest
import android.health.connect.datatypes.MedicalResource
...
private suspend fun loadJSONFromAsset(assetName: String): String {
...
private suspend fun upsertMedicalResources(
    requests: List<UpsertMedicalResourceRequest>
): List<MedicalResource> {
    Log.d("UPSERT_RESOURCES", "Writing ${requests.size} resources")
    val resources =
        suspendCancellableCoroutine<List<MedicalResource>> { continuation ->
            healthConnectManager.upsertMedicalResources(
                requests,
                Runnable::run,
                continuation.asOutcomeReceiver(),
            )
        }
    Log.d("UPSERT_RESOURCES", "Wrote ${resources.size} resources")
    return resources
}
...
private suspend fun insertResource(insertedDataSourceId: String, resource: String): String {
    val insertedResources =
        upsertMedicalResources(
            listOf(
                UpsertMedicalResourceRequest.Builder(
                        insertedDataSourceId,
                        FhirVersion.parseFhirVersion("4.0.1"),
                        resource,
                    )
                    .build()
            )
        )
    return insertedResources.joinToString(
        separator = "\n",
        transform = MedicalResource::toString,
    )
}
...
val immunizationResource =
    loadJSONFromAsset("immunization_1.json")
insertResource(dataSource.id, immunizationResource)

upsertMedicalResources takes as argument a list of UpsertMedicalResourceRequest. If any individual UpsertMedicalResourceRequest passed in the call fails to be inserted, no writes will be committed to the repository for the entire list of UpsertMedicalResourceRequest.

If any request contains invalid MedicalDataSource IDs, the API will throw an IllegalArgumentException. If any request is deemed invalid for any other reasons, the caller will receive a HealthConnectException.

The unique key for a particular request is the combination of data source ID, FHIR resource type, and FHIR resource ID. If these three items in a request match an existing record, an update is triggered. Otherwise, a new record is created.

Read records

Read records by type, then handle the results as you see fit.

import android.health.connect.ReadMedicalResourcesInitialRequest
import android.health.connect.ReadMedicalResourcesResponse
import android.health.connect.datatypes.MedicalResource.MEDICAL_RESOURCE_TYPE_IMMUNIZATIONS
...
private suspend fun readImmunization(): List<MedicalResource> {

    var receiver: OutcomeReceiver<ReadMedicalResourcesResponse, HealthConnectException>
    val request: ReadMedicalResourcesInitialRequest =
        ReadMedicalResourcesInitialRequest.Builder(MEDICAL_RESOURCE_TYPE_IMMUNIZATIONS).build()
    val resources =
        suspendCancellableCoroutine<ReadMedicalResourcesResponse> { continuation ->
                receiver = continuation.asOutcomeReceiver()
                healthConnectManager.readMedicalResources(request, Runnable::run, receiver)
            }
            .medicalResources
    Log.d("READ_MEDICAL_RESOURCES", "Read ${resources.size} resources")
    return resources
}

Get started with PHR on the Android framework APIs Stay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences.