在搭載 Android 8.0 (API 級別 26) 以上版本的裝置上，配對裝置配對功能會代表您的應用程式執行藍牙或 Wi-Fi 掃描鄰近裝置，而不要求 ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION 權限。這有助於盡可能保護使用者隱私。裝置配對完成後，裝置就能使用 REQUEST_COMPANION_RUN_IN_BACKGROUND 和 REQUEST_COMPANION_USE_DATA_IN_BACKGROUND 權限，從背景啟動應用程式。使用這個方法可執行隨附裝置的初始設定，例如支援 BLE 的智慧手錶。此外，必須啟用定位服務，才能配對裝置。
配對裝置配對不會自行建立連線。藍牙和 Wi-Fi 連線 API 建立連線。隨附裝置配對也不會啟用持續掃描功能。
使用者可以從清單中選取裝置，並授予應用程式存取權限。如果您解除安裝應用程式或呼叫 disassociate()，系統就會撤銷這些權限。如果使用者不再需要自己的關聯，例如登出或移除已綁定的裝置，應用程式必須負責清除自身的關聯。
實作隨附裝置配對連線
如要建立及管理隨附裝置的連線，請使用 CompanionDeviceManager。本節說明如何透過藍牙、BLE 和 Wi-Fi 將應用程式與隨附裝置配對時，如何自訂配對要求對話方塊。
指定隨附裝置
以下程式碼範例說明如何在資訊清單檔案中加入 <uses-feature> 標記。告知系統您的應用程式想要設定隨附裝置。
<uses-feature android:name="android.software.companion_device_setup"/>
依類型列出裝置
您可以顯示符合所提供篩選器的所有可能隨附裝置，或將顯示範圍限制為單一選項 (如圖 1 所示)。您可以藉由建立篩選器指定應用程式所搜尋的裝置類型，或將 setSingleDevice() 設為 true (如圖 2 所示)。
如要對要求對話方塊中顯示的隨附裝置清單套用篩選器，請檢查藍牙是否已開啟或檢查 Wi-Fi 是否已開啟。啟用連線後，您可以新增 DeviceFilter。下列 DeviceFilter 子類別會根據連線類型指定應用程式可建立關聯的裝置類型：
三個子類別都含有可簡化篩選器設定的建構工具。在以下範例中，裝置會掃描具有 BluetoothDeviceFilter 的藍牙裝置。
Kotlin
val deviceFilter: BluetoothDeviceFilter = BluetoothDeviceFilter.Builder()
// Match only Bluetooth devices whose name matches the pattern.
.setNamePattern(Pattern.compile("My device"))
// Match only Bluetooth devices whose service UUID matches this pattern.
.addServiceUuid(ParcelUuid(UUID(0x123abcL, -1L)), null)
.build()
Java
BluetoothDeviceFilter deviceFilter = new BluetoothDeviceFilter.Builder()
// Match only Bluetooth devices whose name matches the pattern.
.setNamePattern(Pattern.compile("My device"))
// Match only Bluetooth devices whose service UUID matches this pattern.
.addServiceUuid(new ParcelUuid(new UUID(0x123abcL, -1L)), null)
.build();
將 DeviceFilter 設為 AssociationRequest，以便裝置管理員判斷要搜尋的裝置類型。
Kotlin
val pairingRequest: AssociationRequest = AssociationRequest.Builder()
// Find only devices that match this request filter.
.addDeviceFilter(deviceFilter)
// Stop scanning as soon as one device matching the filter is found.
.setSingleDevice(true)
.build()
Java
AssociationRequest pairingRequest = new AssociationRequest.Builder()
// Find only devices that match this request filter.
.addDeviceFilter(deviceFilter)
// Stop scanning as soon as one device matching the filter is found.
.setSingleDevice(true)
.build();
初始化 AssociationRequest 後，請在 CompanionDeviceManager 上執行 associate() 函式。associate() 函式會接收配對要求物件和回呼。回呼表示應用程式找到裝置，且已準備好啟動對話方塊，供使用者輸入選項時。如果應用程式找不到任何裝置，回呼會傳回錯誤訊息。
在搭載 Android 13 (API 級別 33) 以上版本的裝置上：
Kotlin
val deviceManager =
requireContext().getSystemService(Context.COMPANION_DEVICE_SERVICE)
val executor: Executor = Executor { it.run() }
deviceManager.associate(pairingRequest,
executor,
object : CompanionDeviceManager.Callback() {
// Called when a device is found. Launch the IntentSender so the user
// can select the device they want to pair with.
override fun onAssociationPending(intentSender: IntentSender) {
intentSender?.let {
startIntentSenderForResult(it, SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE, null, 0, 0, 0)
}
}
override fun onAssociationCreated(associationInfo: AssociationInfo) {
// The association is created.
}
override fun onFailure(errorMessage: CharSequence?) {
// Handle the failure.
}
})
Java
CompanionDeviceManager deviceManager =
(CompanionDeviceManager) getSystemService(Context.COMPANION_DEVICE_SERVICE);
Executor executor = new Executor() {
@Override
public void execute(Runnable runnable) {
runnable.run();
}
};
deviceManager.associate(pairingRequest, new CompanionDeviceManager.Callback() {
executor,
// Called when a device is found. Launch the IntentSender so the user can
// select the device they want to pair with.
@Override
public void onDeviceFound(IntentSender chooserLauncher) {
try {
startIntentSenderForResult(
chooserLauncher, SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE, null, 0, 0, 0
);
} catch (IntentSender.SendIntentException e) {
Log.e("MainActivity", "Failed to send intent");
}
}
@Override
public void onAssociationCreated(AssociationInfo associationInfo) {
// The association is created.
}
@Override
public void onFailure(CharSequence errorMessage) {
// Handle the failure.
});
在搭載 Android 12L (API 級別 32) 以下版本 (已淘汰) 的裝置上：
Kotlin
val deviceManager =
requireContext().getSystemService(Context.COMPANION_DEVICE_SERVICE)
deviceManager.associate(pairingRequest,
object : CompanionDeviceManager.Callback() {
// Called when a device is found. Launch the IntentSender so the user
// can select the device they want to pair with.
override fun onDeviceFound(chooserLauncher: IntentSender) {
startIntentSenderForResult(chooserLauncher,
SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE, null, 0, 0, 0)
}
override fun onFailure(error: CharSequence?) {
// Handle the failure.
}
}, null)
Java
CompanionDeviceManager deviceManager =
(CompanionDeviceManager) getSystemService(Context.COMPANION_DEVICE_SERVICE);
deviceManager.associate(pairingRequest, new CompanionDeviceManager.Callback() {
// Called when a device is found. Launch the IntentSender so the user can
// select the device they want to pair with.
@Override
public void onDeviceFound(IntentSender chooserLauncher) {
try {
startIntentSenderForResult(
chooserLauncher, SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE, null, 0, 0, 0
);
} catch (IntentSender.SendIntentException e) {
Log.e("MainActivity", "Failed to send intent");
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(CharSequence error) {
// Handle the failure.
}
}, null);
如要讓使用者選擇要連線的裝置類型，請使用 onAssociationPending() 函式中的 intentSender 參數啟動偏好設定活動。此動作的結果會回傳至偏好設定活動 onActivityResult() 函式中的片段。當使用者根據結果做出選擇時，此更新便會通知您。這樣就能存取所選裝置了。當使用者選取藍牙裝置時，傳送的結果會是 BluetoothDevice 物件。同樣地，當 onAssociationPending() 函式偵測到使用者選取藍牙 LE 裝置時，預期會傳回 android.bluetooth.le.ScanResult 物件。如果是 Wi-Fi 裝置，預期會使用 android.net.wifi.ScanResult 物件。
Kotlin
override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent?) {
when (requestCode) {
SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE -> when(resultCode) {
Activity.RESULT_OK -> {
// The user chose to pair the app with a Bluetooth device.
val deviceToPair: BluetoothDevice? =
data?.getParcelableExtra(CompanionDeviceManager.EXTRA_DEVICE)
deviceToPair?.let { device ->
device.createBond()
// Continue to interact with the paired device.
}
}
}
else -> super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data)
}
}
Java
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
if (resultCode != Activity.RESULT_OK) {
return;
}
if (requestCode == SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE && data != null) {
BluetoothDevice deviceToPair =
data.getParcelableExtra(CompanionDeviceManager.EXTRA_DEVICE);
if (deviceToPair != null) {
deviceToPair.createBond();
// Continue to interact with the paired device.
}
} else {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
}
}
如要實作隨附裝置配對和篩選器，以便指定裝置並依照類型列出裝置，請參考以下範例：
在搭載 Android 13 (API 級別 33) 以上版本的裝置上：
Kotlin
private const val SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE = 0
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
private val deviceManager: CompanionDeviceManager by lazy {
getSystemService(Context.COMPANION_DEVICE_SERVICE) as CompanionDeviceManager
}
val mBluetoothAdapter: BluetoothAdapter by lazy {
val java = BluetoothManager::class.java
getSystemService(java)!!.adapter }
val executor: Executor = Executor { it.run() }
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
// To skip filters based on names and supported feature flags (UUIDs),
// omit calls to setNamePattern() and addServiceUuid()
// respectively, as shown in the following Bluetooth example.
val deviceFilter: BluetoothDeviceFilter = BluetoothDeviceFilter.Builder()
.setNamePattern(Pattern.compile("My device"))
.addServiceUuid(ParcelUuid(UUID(0x123abcL, -1L)), null)
.build()
// The argument provided in setSingleDevice() determines whether a single
// device name or a list of them appears.
val pairingRequest: AssociationRequest = AssociationRequest.Builder()
.addDeviceFilter(deviceFilter)
.setSingleDevice(true)
.build()
// When the app tries to pair with a Bluetooth device, show the
// corresponding dialog box to the user.
deviceManager.associate(pairingRequest,
executor,
object : CompanionDeviceManager.Callback() {
// Called when a device is found. Launch the IntentSender so the user
// can select the device they want to pair with.
override fun onAssociationPending(intentSender: IntentSender) {
intentSender?.let {
startIntentSenderForResult(it, SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE, null, 0, 0, 0)
}
}
override fun onAssociationCreated(associationInfo: AssociationInfo) {
// AssociationInfo object is created and get association id and the
// macAddress.
var associationId: int = associationInfo.id
var macAddress: MacAddress = associationInfo.deviceMacAddress
}
override fun onFailure(errorMessage: CharSequence?) {
// Handle the failure.
}
)
override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent?) {
when (requestCode) {
SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE -> when(resultCode) {
Activity.RESULT_OK -> {
// The user chose to pair the app with a Bluetooth device.
val deviceToPair: BluetoothDevice? =
data?.getParcelableExtra(CompanionDeviceManager.EXTRA_DEVICE)
deviceToPair?.let { device ->
device.createBond()
// Maintain continuous interaction with a paired device.
}
}
}
else -> super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data)
}
}
}
Java
class MainActivityJava extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final int SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE = 0;
Executor executor = new Executor() {
@Override
public void execute(Runnable runnable) {
runnable.run();
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
CompanionDeviceManager deviceManager =
(CompanionDeviceManager) getSystemService(
Context.COMPANION_DEVICE_SERVICE
);
// To skip filtering based on name and supported feature flags,
// do not include calls to setNamePattern() and addServiceUuid(),
// respectively. This example uses Bluetooth.
BluetoothDeviceFilter deviceFilter =
new BluetoothDeviceFilter.Builder()
.setNamePattern(Pattern.compile("My device"))
.addServiceUuid(
new ParcelUuid(new UUID(0x123abcL, -1L)), null
)
.build();
// The argument provided in setSingleDevice() determines whether a single
// device name or a list of device names is presented to the user as
// pairing options.
AssociationRequest pairingRequest = new AssociationRequest.Builder()
.addDeviceFilter(deviceFilter)
.setSingleDevice(true)
.build();
// When the app tries to pair with the Bluetooth device, show the
// appropriate pairing request dialog to the user.
deviceManager.associate(pairingRequest, new CompanionDeviceManager.Callback() {
executor,
// Called when a device is found. Launch the IntentSender so the user can
// select the device they want to pair with.
@Override
public void onDeviceFound(IntentSender chooserLauncher) {
try {
startIntentSenderForResult(
chooserLauncher, SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE, null, 0, 0, 0
);
} catch (IntentSender.SendIntentException e) {
Log.e("MainActivity", "Failed to send intent");
}
}
@Override
public void onAssociationCreated(AssociationInfo associationInfo) {
// AssociationInfo object is created and get association id and the
// macAddress.
int associationId = associationInfo.getId();
MacAddress macAddress = associationInfo.getDeviceMacAddress();
}
@Override
public void onFailure(CharSequence errorMessage) {
// Handle the failure.
});
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
if (resultCode != Activity.RESULT_OK) {
return;
}
if (requestCode == SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE) {
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK && data != null) {
BluetoothDevice deviceToPair = data.getParcelableExtra(
CompanionDeviceManager.EXTRA_DEVICE
);
if (deviceToPair != null) {
deviceToPair.createBond();
// ... Continue interacting with the paired device.
}
}
} else {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
}
}
}
在搭載 Android 12L (API 級別 32) 以下版本 (已淘汰) 的裝置上：
Kotlin
private const val SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE = 0
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
private val deviceManager: CompanionDeviceManager by lazy {
getSystemService(Context.COMPANION_DEVICE_SERVICE) as CompanionDeviceManager
}
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
// To skip filters based on names and supported feature flags (UUIDs),
// omit calls to setNamePattern() and addServiceUuid()
// respectively, as shown in the following Bluetooth example.
val deviceFilter: BluetoothDeviceFilter = BluetoothDeviceFilter.Builder()
.setNamePattern(Pattern.compile("My device"))
.addServiceUuid(ParcelUuid(UUID(0x123abcL, -1L)), null)
.build()
// The argument provided in setSingleDevice() determines whether a single
// device name or a list of them appears.
val pairingRequest: AssociationRequest = AssociationRequest.Builder()
.addDeviceFilter(deviceFilter)
.setSingleDevice(true)
.build()
// When the app tries to pair with a Bluetooth device, show the
// corresponding dialog box to the user.
deviceManager.associate(pairingRequest,
object : CompanionDeviceManager.Callback() {
override fun onDeviceFound(chooserLauncher: IntentSender) {
startIntentSenderForResult(chooserLauncher,
SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE, null, 0, 0, 0)
}
override fun onFailure(error: CharSequence?) {
// Handle the failure.
}
}, null)
}
override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent?) {
when (requestCode) {
SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE -> when(resultCode) {
Activity.RESULT_OK -> {
// The user chose to pair the app with a Bluetooth device.
val deviceToPair: BluetoothDevice? =
data?.getParcelableExtra(CompanionDeviceManager.EXTRA_DEVICE)
deviceToPair?.let { device ->
device.createBond()
// Maintain continuous interaction with a paired device.
}
}
}
else -> super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data)
}
}
}
Java
class MainActivityJava extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final int SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE = 0;
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
CompanionDeviceManager deviceManager =
(CompanionDeviceManager) getSystemService(
Context.COMPANION_DEVICE_SERVICE
);
// To skip filtering based on name and supported feature flags,
// don't include calls to setNamePattern() and addServiceUuid(),
// respectively. This example uses Bluetooth.
BluetoothDeviceFilter deviceFilter =
new BluetoothDeviceFilter.Builder()
.setNamePattern(Pattern.compile("My device"))
.addServiceUuid(
new ParcelUuid(new UUID(0x123abcL, -1L)), null
)
.build();
// The argument provided in setSingleDevice() determines whether a single
// device name or a list of device names is presented to the user as
// pairing options.
AssociationRequest pairingRequest = new AssociationRequest.Builder()
.addDeviceFilter(deviceFilter)
.setSingleDevice(true)
.build();
// When the app tries to pair with the Bluetooth device, show the
// appropriate pairing request dialog to the user.
deviceManager.associate(pairingRequest,
new CompanionDeviceManager.Callback() {
@Override
public void onDeviceFound(IntentSender chooserLauncher) {
try {
startIntentSenderForResult(chooserLauncher,
SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE, null, 0, 0, 0);
} catch (IntentSender.SendIntentException e) {
// failed to send the intent
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(CharSequence error) {
// handle failure to find the companion device
}
}, null);
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
if (requestCode == SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE) {
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK && data != null) {
BluetoothDevice deviceToPair = data.getParcelableExtra(
CompanionDeviceManager.EXTRA_DEVICE
);
if (deviceToPair != null) {
deviceToPair.createBond();
// ... Continue interacting with the paired device.
}
}
} else {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
}
}
}
配對裝置設定檔
Android 12 (API 級別 31) 以上版本的隨附應用程式可在與手錶連線後，使用隨附裝置的設定檔。詳情請參閱「在 Wear OS 上要求權限」指南。
讓隨附應用程式保持喚醒狀態
在 Android 12 (API 級別 31) 以上版本中，您可以使用其他 API，讓隨附應用程式能在隨附裝置在範圍內時保持運作。這些 API 可讓您執行下列操作：
當隨附裝置在範圍內時喚醒應用程式。
詳情請參閱
CompanionDeviceManager.startObservingDevicePresence()。保證只要隨附裝置保持在範圍內，應用程式程序就會繼續執行。