A partire da Android 14 (livello API 34), devi dichiarare un tipo di servizio appropriato per ogni servizio in primo piano. Ciò significa che devi dichiarare il tipo di servizio nel file manifest dell'app e richiedere anche l'autorizzazione per il servizio in primo piano appropriata per quel tipo (oltre a richiedere l'autorizzazione FOREGROUND_SERVICE
). Inoltre, a seconda del tipo di servizio in primo piano, potresti dover richiedere le autorizzazioni di runtime prima di avviare il servizio.
Fotocamera
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
camera
- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA
- Runtime prerequisites
Request and be granted the
CAMERA
runtime permission- Description
Continue to access the camera from the background, such as video chat apps that allow for multitasking.
Dispositivo connesso
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
connectedDevice
- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
- Runtime prerequisites
At least one of the following conditions must be true:
Declare at least one of the following permissions in your manifest:
Request and be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:
- Description
Interactions with external devices that require a Bluetooth, NFC, IR, USB, or network connection.
- Alternatives
If your app needs to do continuous data transfer to an external device, consider using the companion device manager instead. Use the companion device presence API to help your app stay running while the companion device is in range.
If your app needs to scan for bluetooth devices, consider using the Bluetooth scan API instead.
Sincronizzazione dati
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
dataSync
- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC
- Runtime prerequisites
- None
- Description
Data transfer operations, such as the following:
- Data upload or download
- Backup-and-restore operations
- Import or export operations
- Fetch data
- Local file processing
- Transfer data between a device and the cloud over a network
- Alternatives
See Alternatives to data sync foreground services for detailed information.
Salute
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
health
- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH
- Runtime prerequisites
At least one of the following conditions must be true:
Declare the
HIGH_SAMPLING_RATE_SENSORS
permission in your manifest.Request and be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:
BODY_SENSORS
on API 35 and lowerREAD_HEART_RATE
READ_SKIN_TEMPERATURE
READ_OXYGEN_SATURATION
ACTIVITY_RECOGNITION
- Description
Any long-running use cases to support apps in the fitness category such as exercise trackers.
Posizione
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
location
- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION
- Runtime prerequisites
The user must have enabled location services and the app must be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:
- Description
Long-running use cases that require location access, such as navigation and location sharing.
- Alternatives
If your app needs to be triggered when the user reaches specific locations, consider using the geofence API instead.
Contenuti multimediali
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaPlayback
- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
- Runtime prerequisites
- None
- Description
Continue audio or video playback from the background. Support Digital Video Recording (DVR) functionality on Android TV.
- Alternatives
If you're showing picture-in-picture video, use Picture-in-Picture mode.
Elaborazione contenuti multimediali in corso
- Tipo di servizio in primo piano da dichiarare nel file manifest in
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProcessing
- Autorizzazione da dichiarare nel manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
- Costante per passare a
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
- Prerequisiti di runtime
- Nessuno
- Descrizione
Servizio per l'esecuzione di operazioni dispendiose in termini di tempo sugli asset multimediali, come la conversione dei contenuti multimediali in formati diversi. Il sistema consente l'esecuzione di questo servizio per un tempo limitato; in circostanze normali, questo limite di tempo è di 6 ore ogni 24. Questo limite è condiviso da tutti i
mediaProcessing
servizi in primo piano di un'app.L'app deve interrompere manualmente il servizio di elaborazione dei contenuti multimediali nel seguente scenario:
- Quando l'operazione di transcodifica termina o raggiunge uno stato di errore, chiedi alla
chiamata di servizio
Service.stopForeground()
eService.stopSelf()
di interrompere completamente il servizio.
- Quando l'operazione di transcodifica termina o raggiunge uno stato di errore, chiedi alla
chiamata di servizio
Se viene raggiunto il periodo di timeout, il sistema chiama il metodo
Service.onTimeout(int, int)
del servizio. In questo momento, il servizio ha pochi secondi per chiamareService.stopSelf()
. Se il servizio non chiamaService.stopSelf()
, si verificherà un errore ANR con questo messaggio di errore: "Un servizio in primo piano di <fgs_type> non è stato interrotto durante il timeout: <component_name>".Nota:
Service.onTimeout(int, int)
non è disponibile su Android 14 o versioni precedenti. Sui dispositivi che eseguono queste versioni, se un servizio di elaborazione multimediale raggiunge il periodo di timeout, il sistema memorizza immediatamente l'app nella cache. Per questo motivo, l'app non deve attendere di ricevere una notifica di timeout. Dovrebbe invece terminare il servizio in primo piano o passare a un servizio in background non appena opportuno.
Proiezione di contenuti multimediali
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProjection
- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
- Runtime prerequisites
Call the
createScreenCaptureIntent()
method before starting the foreground service. Doing so shows a permission notification to the user; the user must grant the permission before you can create the service.After you have created the foreground service, you can call
MediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection()
.- Description
Project content to non-primary display or external device using the
MediaProjection
APIs. This content doesn't have to be exclusively media content.- Alternatives
To stream media to another device, use the Google Cast SDK.
Microfono
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
microphone
- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE
- Runtime prerequisites
Request and be granted the
RECORD_AUDIO
runtime permission.- Description
Continue microphone capture from the background, such as voice recorders or communication apps.
Telefonata
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
phoneCall
- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL
- Runtime prerequisites
At least one of these conditions must be true:
- App has declared the
MANAGE_OWN_CALLS
permission in its manifest file.
- App has declared the
- App is the default dialer app through the
ROLE_DIALER
role.
- App is the default dialer app through the
- Description
Continue an ongoing call using the
ConnectionService
APIs.- Alternatives
If you need to make phone, video, or VoIP calls, consider using the
android.telecom
library.Consider using
CallScreeningService
to screen calls.
Messaggistica remota
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
remoteMessaging
- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
- Runtime prerequisites
- None
- Description
- Transfer text messages from one device to another. Assists with continuity of a user's messaging tasks when they switch devices.
Servizio breve
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
shortService
- Permission to declare in your manifest
- None
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE
- Runtime prerequisites
- None
- Description
Quickly finish critical work that cannot be interrupted or postponed.
This type has some unique characteristics:
- Can only run for a short period of time (about 3 minutes).
- No support for sticky foreground services.
- Cannot start other foreground services.
- Doesn't require a type-specific permission, though it still
requires the
FOREGROUND_SERVICE
permission. - A
shortService
can only change to another service type if the app is currently eligible to start a new foreground service. - A foreground service can change its type to
shortService
at any time, at which point the timeout period begins.
The timeout for shortService begins from the moment that
Service.startForeground()
is called. The app is expected to callService.stopSelf()
orService.stopForeground()
before the timeout occurs. Otherwise, the newService.onTimeout()
is called, giving apps a brief opportunity to callstopSelf()
orstopForeground()
to stop their service.A short time after
Service.onTimeout()
is called, the app enters a cached state and is no longer considered to be in the foreground, unless the user is actively interacting with the app. A short time after the app is cached and the service has not stopped, the app receives an ANR. The ANR message mentionsFOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE
. For these reasons, it's considered best practice to implement theService.onTimeout()
callback.The
Service.onTimeout()
callback doesn't exist on Android 13 and lower. If the same service runs on such devices, it doesn't receive a timeout, nor does it ANR. Make sure that your service stops as soon as it finishes the processing task, even if it hasn't received theService.onTimeout()
callback yet.It's important to note that if the timeout of the
shortService
is not respected, the app will ANR even if it has other valid foreground services or other app lifecycle processes running.If an app is visible to the user or satisfies one of the exemptions that allow foreground services to be started from the background, calling
Service.StartForeground()
again with theFOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE
parameter extends the timeout by another 3 minutes. If the app isn't visible to the user and doesn't satisfy one of the exemptions, any attempt to start another foreground service, regardless of type, causes aForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException
.If a user disables battery optimization for your app, it's still affected by the timeout of shortService FGS.
If you start a foreground service that includes the
shortService
type and another foreground service type, the system ignores theshortService
type declaration. However, the service must still adhere to the prerequisites of the other declared types. For more information, see the Foreground services documentation.
Uso speciale
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
specialUse
- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE
- Runtime prerequisites
- None
- Description
Covers any valid foreground service use cases that aren't covered by the other foreground service types.
In addition to declaring the
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE
foreground service type, developers should declare use cases in the manifest. To do so, they specify the<property>
element within the<service>
element. These values and corresponding use cases are reviewed when you submit your app in the Google Play Console. The use cases you provide are free-form, and you should make sure to provide enough information to let the reviewer see why you need to use thespecialUse
type.<service android:name="fooService" android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse"> <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE" android:value="explanation_for_special_use"/> </service>
Esenzione dal sistema
- Tipo di servizio in primo piano da dichiarare nel file manifest in
android:foregroundServiceType
systemExempted
- Autorizzazione da dichiarare nel manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
- Costante per passare a
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
- Prerequisiti di runtime
- Nessuno
- Descrizione
Riservato per applicazioni di sistema e integrazioni di sistema specifiche, per continuare a utilizzare i servizi in primo piano.
Per utilizzare questo tipo, un'app deve soddisfare almeno uno dei seguenti criteri:
- Il dispositivo è in modalità demo
- L'app è un proprietario del dispositivo
- L'app è proprietario di Profiler
- App per la sicurezza con il ruolo
ROLE_EMERGENCY
- App Amministratore dispositivo
- App con autorizzazione
SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM
oUSE_EXACT_ALARM
App VPN (configurate con Impostazioni > Rete e internet > VPN)
In caso contrario, la dichiarazione di questo tipo fa sì che il sistema restituisca un elemento
ForegroundServiceTypeNotAllowedException
.
Applicazione delle norme di Google Play per l'utilizzo dei tipi di servizi in primo piano
If your app targets Android 14 or higher, you'll need to declare your app's foreground service types in the Play Console's app content page (Policy > App content). For more information on how to declare your foreground service types in Play Console, see Understanding foreground service and full-screen intent requirements.