Cambios de comportamiento: todas las apps

La plataforma de Android 14 incluye cambios de comportamiento que podrían afectar a tu app. Los siguientes cambios se aplican a todas las apps cuando se ejecutan en Android 14, independientemente de targetSdkVersion. Debes probar tu app y, luego, modificarla según corresponda para admitir estos cambios.

Asegúrate también de consultar la lista de cambios de comportamiento que solo afectan a las apps orientadas a Android 14.

Funcionalidad principal

El permiso para programar alarmas exactas se rechaza de forma predeterminada

Exact alarms are meant for user-intentioned notifications, or for actions that need to happen at a precise time. Starting in Android 14, the SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM permission is no longer being pre-granted to most newly installed apps targeting Android 13 and higher—the permission is denied by default.

Learn more about the changes to the permission for scheduling exact alarms.

Las transmisiones registradas en el contexto se ponen en cola mientras las apps se almacenan en caché

On Android 14, the system may place context-registered broadcasts in a queue while the app is in the cached state. This is similar to the queuing behavior that Android 12 (API level 31) introduced for async binder transactions. Manifest-declared broadcasts aren't queued, and apps are removed from the cached state for broadcast delivery.

When the app leaves the cached state, such as returning to the foreground, the system delivers any queued broadcasts. Multiple instances of certain broadcasts may be merged into one broadcast. Depending on other factors, such as system health, apps may be removed from the cached state, and any previously queued broadcasts are delivered.

Las apps solo pueden finalizar sus propios procesos en segundo plano

Starting in Android 14, when your app calls killBackgroundProcesses(), the API can kill only the background processes of your own app.

If you pass in the package name of another app, this method has no effect on that app's background processes, and the following message appears in Logcat:

Invalid packageName: com.example.anotherapp

Your app shouldn't use the killBackgroundProcesses() API or otherwise attempt to influence the process lifecycle of other apps, even on older OS versions. Android is designed to keep cached apps in the background and kill them automatically when the system needs memory. If your app kills other apps unnecessarily, it can reduce system performance and increase battery consumption by requiring full restarts of those apps later, which takes significantly more resources than resuming an existing cached app.

Seguridad

Nivel mínimo de API objetivo instalable

Starting with Android 14, apps with a targetSdkVersion lower than 23 can't be installed. Requiring apps to meet these minimum target API level requirements improves security and privacy for users.

Malware often targets older API levels in order to bypass security and privacy protections that have been introduced in newer Android versions. For example, some malware apps use a targetSdkVersion of 22 to avoid being subjected to the runtime permission model introduced in 2015 by Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API level 23). This Android 14 change makes it harder for malware to avoid security and privacy improvements. Attempting to install an app targeting a lower API level will result in an installation failure, with the following message appearing in Logcat:

INSTALL_FAILED_DEPRECATED_SDK_VERSION: App package must target at least SDK version 23, but found 7

On devices upgrading to Android 14, any apps with a targetSdkVersion lower than 23 will remain installed.

If you need to test an app targeting an older API level, use the following ADB command:

adb install --bypass-low-target-sdk-block FILENAME.apk

Los nombres de los paquetes de los propietarios del contenido multimedia podrían estar ocultos

La tienda de contenido multimedia admite consultas para la columna OWNER_PACKAGE_NAME, que indica la app que almacenó un archivo multimedia en particular. A partir de Android 14, este valor se oculta, a menos que se cumpla mínimo una de las siguientes condiciones:

  • La app que almacenó el archivo multimedia tiene un nombre de paquete que siempre está visible para otras apps.

  • La app que consulta la tienda de contenido multimedia solicita el permiso QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES.

Descubre cómo Android filtra la visibilidad de paquetes por motivos de privacidad.

Experiencia del usuario

Otorga acceso parcial a fotos y videos

On Android 14, the user can grant partial access to their photos and videos when an app requests any visual media permissions that were introduced in Android 13 (API level 33): READ_MEDIA_IMAGES or READ_MEDIA_VIDEO.

The new dialog shows the following permission choices:

  • Select photos and videos: New in Android 14. The user selects the specific photos and videos that they want to make available to your app.
  • Allow all: The user grants full-library access to all photos and videos on the device.
  • Don't allow: The user denies all access.

To handle this change more gracefully in your app, consider declaring the new READ_MEDIA_VISUAL_USER_SELECTED permission. Learn more about how to support the case where the user grants partial permission to their media library.

Notificaciones de intent de pantalla completa seguras

Con Android 11 (nivel de API 30), cualquier app podía usar Notification.Builder.setFullScreenIntent para enviar intents de pantalla completa mientras el teléfono estaba bloqueado. Para otorgarlo de forma automática durante la instalación de la app, declara el permiso USE_FULL_SCREEN_INTENT en AndroidManifest.

Las notificaciones de los intents de pantalla completa están diseñadas para las notificaciones de prioridad extremadamente alta que requieren la atención inmediata del usuario, como una llamada entrante o la configuración de la alarma que establece el usuario. A partir de Android 14, las apps que tienen permiso para usar este permiso se limitan a aquellas que proporcionan llamadas y alarmas únicamente. Google Play Store rechaza los permisos USE_FULL_SCREEN_INTENT predeterminados para las apps que no se ajustan a este perfil.

Este permiso permanece habilitado para las apps que se instalan en el teléfono antes de que el usuario actualice a Android 14. Los usuarios pueden activar o desactivar este permiso.

Puedes usar la nueva API de NotificationManager.canUseFullScreenIntent para verificar si tu app tiene el permiso. De lo contrario, la app puede usar el nuevo intent ACTION_MANAGE_APP_USE_FULL_SCREEN_INTENT para iniciar la página de configuración en la que los usuarios pueden otorgar el permiso.

Cambios en la experiencia de los usuarios con notificaciones que no se pueden descartar

If your app shows non-dismissable foreground notifications to users, Android 14 has changed the behavior to allow users to dismiss such notifications.

This change applies to apps that prevent users from dismissing foreground notifications by setting Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT through Notification.Builder#setOngoing(true) or NotificationCompat.Builder#setOngoing(true). The behavior of FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT has changed to make such notifications actually dismissable by the user.

These kinds of notifications are still non-dismissable in the following conditions:

  • When the phone is locked
  • If the user selects a Clear all notification action (which helps with accidental dismissals)

Also, this new behavior doesn't apply to notifications in the following use cases:

  • CallStyle notifications
  • Device policy controller (DPC) and supporting packages for enterprise

La información de seguridad de los datos es más visible

To enhance user privacy, Android 14 increases the number of places where the system shows the information you have declared in the Play Console form. Currently, users can view this information in the Data safety section on your app's listing in Google Play.

We encourage you to review your app's location data sharing policies and take a moment to make any applicable updates to your app's Google Play Data safety section.

Learn more in the guide about how data safety information is more visible on Android 14.

Accesibilidad

Escalamiento de fuente no lineal al 200%

Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing low-vision users with additional accessibility options that align with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then this change probably won't have a high impact on your app. However, you should perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.