Sobald Sie eine Verbindung zu einem BLE GATT hergestellt haben, verwenden, können Sie die Verbindung, um herauszufinden, welche Dienste auf dem Gerät verfügbar sind, Daten abfragen vom Gerät und fordern Benachrichtigungen an, wenn ein bestimmtes GATT-Merkmal Änderungen.
Dienste entdecken
Sobald Sie eine Verbindung zum GATT-Server auf dem BLE-Gerät hergestellt haben,
um eine Diensterkennung durchzuführen. Hier erhalten Sie Informationen zu den Diensten,
die auf dem Remote-Gerät verfügbar sind, sowie die Dienstmerkmale und
Beschreibungen. Im folgenden Beispiel wird eine Verbindung zwischen dem Dienst und
(gekennzeichnet durch den entsprechenden Aufruf des
onConnectionStateChange()
der Funktion des
BluetoothGattCallback
),
die
discoverServices()
die Informationen vom BLE-Gerät abfragt.
Der Dienst muss die
onServicesDiscovered()
in der
BluetoothGattCallback
Diese Funktion wird aufgerufen, wenn das Gerät Berichte über seine verfügbaren Dienste erstellt.
Kotlin
class BluetoothLeService : Service() { ... private val bluetoothGattCallback = object : BluetoothGattCallback() { override fun onConnectionStateChange(gatt: BluetoothGatt?, status: Int, newState: Int) { if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) { // successfully connected to the GATT Server broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED) connectionState = STATE_CONNECTED // Attempts to discover services after successful connection. bluetoothGatt?.discoverServices() } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) { // disconnected from the GATT Server broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED) connectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED } } override fun onServicesDiscovered(gatt: BluetoothGatt?, status: Int) { if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) { broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED) } else { Log.w(BluetoothLeService.TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: $status") } } } ... companion object { const val ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED = "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED" const val ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED = "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED" const val ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED = "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED" private const val STATE_DISCONNECTED = 0 private const val STATE_CONNECTED = 2 }
Java
class BluetoothLeService extends Service { public final static String ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED = "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED"; ... private final BluetoothGattCallback bluetoothGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() { @Override public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) { if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) { // successfully connected to the GATT Server connectionState = STATE_CONNECTED; broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED); // Attempts to discover services after successful connection. bluetoothGatt.discoverServices(); } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) { // disconnected from the GATT Server connectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED; broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED); } } @Override public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) { if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) { broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED); } else { Log.w(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status); } } }; }
Der Dienst nutzt Übertragungen, um die
Aktivitäten. Sobald die Dienste erkannt wurden, kann der Dienst
getServices()
bis
um die Berichtsdaten abzurufen.
Kotlin
class BluetoothLeService : Service() { ... fun getSupportedGattServices(): List<BluetoothGattService?>? { return bluetoothGatt?.services } }
Java
class BluetoothLeService extends Service { ... public List<BluetoothGattService> getSupportedGattServices() { if (bluetoothGatt == null) return null; return bluetoothGatt.getServices(); } }
Die Aktivität kann diese Funktion dann aufrufen, wenn sie den Broadcast-Intent empfängt. gibt an, dass die Diensterkennung abgeschlossen ist.
Kotlin
class DeviceControlActivity : AppCompatActivity() { ... private val gattUpdateReceiver: BroadcastReceiver = object : BroadcastReceiver() { override fun onReceive(context: Context, intent: Intent) { when (intent.action) { BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED -> { connected = true updateConnectionState(R.string.connected) } BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED -> { connected = false updateConnectionState(R.string.disconnected) } BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED -> { // Show all the supported services and characteristics on the user interface. displayGattServices(bluetoothService?.getSupportedGattServices()) } } } } }
Java
class DeviceControlsActivity extends AppCompatActivity { ... private final BroadcastReceiver gattUpdateReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { final String action = intent.getAction(); if (BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED.equals(action)) { connected = true; updateConnectionState(R.string.connected); } else if (BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED.equals(action)) { connected = false; updateConnectionState(R.string.disconnected); } else if (BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED.equals(action)) { // Show all the supported services and characteristics on the user interface. displayGattServices(bluetoothService.getSupportedGattServices()); } } }; }
BLE-Eigenschaften lesen
Sobald Ihre App eine Verbindung zu einem GATT-Server hergestellt und Dienste erkannt hat, kann Attribute lesen und schreiben, sofern dies unterstützt wird. Beispiel: durchläuft die Dienste und Eigenschaften des Servers und zeigt in der Benutzeroberfläche:
Kotlin
class DeviceControlActivity : Activity() { // Demonstrates how to iterate through the supported GATT // Services/Characteristics. // In this sample, we populate the data structure that is bound to the // ExpandableListView on the UI. private fun displayGattServices(gattServices: List<BluetoothGattService>?) { if (gattServices == null) return var uuid: String? val unknownServiceString: String = resources.getString(R.string.unknown_service) val unknownCharaString: String = resources.getString(R.string.unknown_characteristic) val gattServiceData: MutableList<HashMap<String, String>> = mutableListOf() val gattCharacteristicData: MutableList<ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>> = mutableListOf() mGattCharacteristics = mutableListOf() // Loops through available GATT Services. gattServices.forEach { gattService -> val currentServiceData = HashMap<String, String>() uuid = gattService.uuid.toString() currentServiceData[LIST_NAME] = SampleGattAttributes.lookup(uuid, unknownServiceString) currentServiceData[LIST_UUID] = uuid gattServiceData += currentServiceData val gattCharacteristicGroupData: ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> = arrayListOf() val gattCharacteristics = gattService.characteristics val charas: MutableList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> = mutableListOf() // Loops through available Characteristics. gattCharacteristics.forEach { gattCharacteristic -> charas += gattCharacteristic val currentCharaData: HashMap<String, String> = hashMapOf() uuid = gattCharacteristic.uuid.toString() currentCharaData[LIST_NAME] = SampleGattAttributes.lookup(uuid, unknownCharaString) currentCharaData[LIST_UUID] = uuid gattCharacteristicGroupData += currentCharaData } mGattCharacteristics += charas gattCharacteristicData += gattCharacteristicGroupData } } }
Java
public class DeviceControlActivity extends Activity { ... // Demonstrates how to iterate through the supported GATT // Services/Characteristics. // In this sample, we populate the data structure that is bound to the // ExpandableListView on the UI. private void displayGattServices(List<BluetoothGattService> gattServices) { if (gattServices == null) return; String uuid = null; String unknownServiceString = getResources(). getString(R.string.unknown_service); String unknownCharaString = getResources(). getString(R.string.unknown_characteristic); ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> gattServiceData = new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>(); ArrayList<ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>> gattCharacteristicData = new ArrayList<ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>>(); mGattCharacteristics = new ArrayList<ArrayList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic>>(); // Loops through available GATT Services. for (BluetoothGattService gattService : gattServices) { HashMap<String, String> currentServiceData = new HashMap<String, String>(); uuid = gattService.getUuid().toString(); currentServiceData.put( LIST_NAME, SampleGattAttributes. lookup(uuid, unknownServiceString)); currentServiceData.put(LIST_UUID, uuid); gattServiceData.add(currentServiceData); ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> gattCharacteristicGroupData = new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>(); List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> gattCharacteristics = gattService.getCharacteristics(); ArrayList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> charas = new ArrayList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic>(); // Loops through available Characteristics. for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic : gattCharacteristics) { charas.add(gattCharacteristic); HashMap<String, String> currentCharaData = new HashMap<String, String>(); uuid = gattCharacteristic.getUuid().toString(); currentCharaData.put( LIST_NAME, SampleGattAttributes.lookup(uuid, unknownCharaString)); currentCharaData.put(LIST_UUID, uuid); gattCharacteristicGroupData.add(currentCharaData); } mGattCharacteristics.add(charas); gattCharacteristicData.add(gattCharacteristicGroupData); } ... } ... }
Der GATT-Dienst stellt eine Liste von Merkmalen bereit, die Sie in der
. Rufen Sie zum Abfragen der Daten die Methode
readCharacteristic()
im
BluetoothGatt
, wobei der Parameter
BluetoothGattCharacteristic
die Sie lesen möchten.
Kotlin
class BluetoothLeService : Service() { ... fun readCharacteristic(characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic) { bluetoothGatt?.let { gatt -> gatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic) } ?: run { Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothGatt not initialized") Return } } }
Java
class BluetoothLeService extends Service { ... public void readCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) { if (bluetoothGatt == null) { Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothGatt not initialized"); return; } bluetoothGatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic); } }
In diesem Beispiel implementiert der Dienst eine Funktion, die
readCharacteristic()
Dies ist ein asynchroner Aufruf. Die Ergebnisse werden an den
BluetoothGattCallback
Funktion
onCharacteristicRead()
Kotlin
class BluetoothLeService : Service() { ... private val bluetoothGattCallback = object : BluetoothGattCallback() { ... override fun onCharacteristicRead( gatt: BluetoothGatt, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic, status: Int ) { if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) { broadcastUpdate(BluetoothLeService.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic) } } } }
Java
class BluetoothLeService extends Service { ... private final BluetoothGattCallback bluetoothGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() { ... @Override public void onCharacteristicRead( BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status ) { if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) { broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic); } } }; }
Wenn ein bestimmter Callback ausgelöst wird, wird der entsprechende
broadcastUpdate()
und übergibt eine Aktion. Die Daten
Das Parsen in diesem Bereich erfolgt in Übereinstimmung mit der Bluetooth-Herzfrequenz
Spezifikationen des Analyseprofils.
Kotlin
private fun broadcastUpdate(action: String, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic) { val intent = Intent(action) // This is special handling for the Heart Rate Measurement profile. Data // parsing is carried out as per profile specifications. when (characteristic.uuid) { UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT -> { val flag = characteristic.properties val format = when (flag and 0x01) { 0x01 -> { Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT16.") BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT16 } else -> { Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT8.") BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT8 } } val heartRate = characteristic.getIntValue(format, 1) Log.d(TAG, String.format("Received heart rate: %d", heartRate)) intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, (heartRate).toString()) } else -> { // For all other profiles, writes the data formatted in HEX. val data: ByteArray? = characteristic.value if (data?.isNotEmpty() == true) { val hexString: String = data.joinToString(separator = " ") { String.format("%02X", it) } intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, "$data\n$hexString") } } } sendBroadcast(intent) }
Java
private void broadcastUpdate(final String action, final BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) { final Intent intent = new Intent(action); // This is special handling for the Heart Rate Measurement profile. Data // parsing is carried out as per profile specifications. if (UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) { int flag = characteristic.getProperties(); int format = -1; if ((flag & 0x01) != 0) { format = BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT16; Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT16."); } else { format = BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT8; Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT8."); } final int heartRate = characteristic.getIntValue(format, 1); Log.d(TAG, String.format("Received heart rate: %d", heartRate)); intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, String.valueOf(heartRate)); } else { // For all other profiles, writes the data formatted in HEX. final byte[] data = characteristic.getValue(); if (data != null && data.length > 0) { final StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(data.length); for(byte byteChar : data) stringBuilder.append(String.format("%02X ", byteChar)); intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, new String(data) + "\n" + stringBuilder.toString()); } } sendBroadcast(intent); }
GATT-Benachrichtigungen erhalten
Es ist üblich, dass BLE-Apps eine Benachrichtigung anfordern, wenn ein bestimmtes Merkmal
auf dem Gerät vorgenommen hat. Im folgenden Beispiel implementiert der Dienst eine
zum Aufrufen der
setCharacteristicNotification()
:
Kotlin
class BluetoothLeService : Service() { ... fun setCharacteristicNotification( characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic, enabled: Boolean ) { bluetoothGatt?.let { gatt -> gatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enabled) // This is specific to Heart Rate Measurement. if (BluetoothLeService.UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT == characteristic.uuid) { val descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG)) descriptor.value = BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE gatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor) } } ?: run { Log.w(BluetoothLeService.TAG, "BluetoothGatt not initialized") } } }
Java
class BluetoothLeService extends Service { ... public void setCharacteristicNotification(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,boolean enabled) { if (bluetoothGatt == null) { Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothGatt not initialized"); Return; } bluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enabled); // This is specific to Heart Rate Measurement. if (UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) { BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG)); descriptor.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE); bluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor); } } }
Sobald Benachrichtigungen für ein Merkmal aktiviert sind,
onCharacteristicChanged()
Callback wird ausgelöst, wenn sich die Eigenschaft auf dem Remote-Gerät ändert:
Kotlin
class BluetoothLeService : Service() { ... private val bluetoothGattCallback = object : BluetoothGattCallback() { ... override fun onCharacteristicChanged( gatt: BluetoothGatt, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic ) { broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic) } } }
Java
class BluetoothLeService extends Service { ... private final BluetoothGattCallback bluetoothGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() { ... @Override public void onCharacteristicChanged( BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic ) { broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic); } }; }