Google uses AI technology to translate content into your preferred language. AI translations can contain errors.

Mudanças de comportamento: apps destinados ao Android 17 ou versões mais recentes

Como nas versões anteriores, o Android 17 inclui mudanças de comportamento que podem afetar seu app. As mudanças de comportamento a seguir se aplicam exclusivamente a apps destinados ao Android 17 ou versões mais recentes. Se o app for direcionado ao Android 17 ou a versões mais recentes, faça modificações para oferecer suporte a esses comportamentos, quando aplicável.

Consulte também a lista de mudanças de comportamento que afetam todos os apps executados no Android 17, independente da targetSdkVersion do seu app.

Principal recurso

O Android 17 inclui as seguintes mudanças que modificam ou ampliam vários recursos principais do sistema Android.

Nova implementação sem bloqueio de MessageQueue

Beginning with Android 17, apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher receive a new lock-free implementation of android.os.MessageQueue. The new implementation improves performance and reduces missed frames, but may break clients that reflect on MessageQueue private fields and methods.

For more information, including mitigation strategies, see MessageQueue behavior change guidance.

Os campos finais estáticos não podem mais ser modificados

Apps running on Android 17 or higher that target Android 17 (API level 37) or higher cannot change static final fields. If an app attempts to change a static final field by using reflection, it will cause an IllegalAccessException. Attempting to modify one of these fields through JNI APIs (such as SetStaticLongField()) will cause the app to crash.

Acessibilidade

O Android 17 faz as seguintes mudanças para melhorar a acessibilidade.

This feature introduces new AccessibilityEvent and TextAttribute APIs to enhance screen reader spoken feedback for CJKV language input. CJKV IME apps can now signal whether a text conversion candidate has been selected during text composition. Apps with edit fields can specify text change types when sending text changed accessibility events. For example, apps can specify that a text change occurred during text composition, or that a text change resulted from a commit. Doing this enables accessibility services such as screen readers to deliver more precise feedback based on the nature of the text modification.

App adoption

IME Apps: When setting composing text in edit fields, IMEs can use TextAttribute.Builder.setTextSuggestionSelected() to indicate whether a specific conversion candidate was selected.
Apps with Edit Fields: Apps that maintain a custom InputConnection can retrieve candidate selection data by calling TextAttribute.isTextSuggestionSelected(). These apps should then call AccessibilityEvent.setTextChangeTypes() when dispatching TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED events. Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) that use the standard TextView will have this feature enabled by default. (That is, TextView will handle retrieving data from the IME and setting text change types when sending events to accessibility services).
Accessibility Services: Accessibility services that process TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED events can call AccessibilityEvent.getTextChangeTypes() to identify the nature of the modification and adjust their feedback strategies accordingly.

Privacidade

O Android 17 inclui as seguintes mudanças para melhorar a privacidade do usuário.

ECH (Encrypted Client Hello) ativado

Android 17 introduces platform support for Encrypted Client Hello (ECH), a TLS extension that enhances user privacy by encrypting the Server Name Indication (SNI) in the TLS handshake. This encryption helps prevent network observers from easily identifying the specific domain your app is connecting to.

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, ECH is used for TLS connections. ECH is active only if the networking library used by the app (for example, HttpEngine, WebView, or OkHttp) has integrated ECH support and the remote server also supports the ECH protocol. If ECH cannot be negotiated, the client sends an ECH extension with randomized contents (a mechanism called ECH GREASE). See RFC 9849 for more details on how ECH GREASE works.

To allow apps to customize this behavior, Android 17 adds a new <domainEncryption> element to the Network Security Configuration file. Developers can use <domainEncryption> within <base-config> or <domain-config> tags to select an ECH mode (for example, "enabled" or "disabled") on a global or per-domain basis.

For more information, see the Encrypted Client Hello documentation.

Permissão de rede local necessária para apps destinados ao Android 17

Android 17 introduces the ACCESS_LOCAL_NETWORK runtime permission to protect users from unauthorized local network access. Because this falls under the existing NEARBY_DEVICES permission group, users who have already granted other NEARBY_DEVICES permissions aren't prompted again. This new requirement prevents malicious apps from exploiting unrestricted local network access for covert user tracking and fingerprinting. By declaring and requesting this permission, your app can discover and connect to devices on the local area network (LAN), such as smart home devices or casting receivers.

Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher now have two paths to maintain communication with LAN devices: Adopt system-mediated, privacy-preserving device pickers to skip the permission prompt, or explicitly request this new permission at runtime to maintain local network communication.

For more information, see the Local network permission documentation.

Ocultar senhas de dispositivos físicos

If an app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher and the user is using a physical input device (for example, an external keyboard), the Android operating system applies the new show_passwords_physical setting to all characters in the password field. By default, that setting hides all password characters.

The Android system shows the last-typed password character to help the user see if they mistyped the password. However, this is much less necessary with larger external keyboards. In addition, devices with external keyboards often have larger displays, which increases the danger of someone seeing the typed password.

If the user is using the device's touchscreen, the system applies the new show_passwords_touch setting.

Proteção de OTP para mensagens SMS padrão

Beginning with Android 17, Android is extending its SMS OTP protection to apply to standard SMS messages (SMS messages containing an OTP that do not use the WebOTP or SMS Retriever formats). For most apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, these SMS messages do not become available until three hours after receipt. This delay is intended to help prevent OTP hijacking. During this three hour delay, the SMS_RECEIVED_ACTION broadcast is withheld and SMS provider database queries are filtered. The SMS message is available to these apps after the delay.

Certain apps such as the default SMS assistant app, connected device companion apps, etc., are exempted from this delay. All apps that rely on reading SMS messages for OTP extraction should transition to using SMS Retriever or SMS User Consent APIs to ensure continued functionality.

Segurança

O Android 17 faz as seguintes melhorias na segurança de dispositivos e apps.

Segurança de atividade

No Android 17, a plataforma continua a transição para uma arquitetura "segura por padrão", introduzindo um conjunto de melhorias projetadas para mitigar exploits de alta gravidade, como phishing, sequestro de interação e ataques de vice-delegado. Essa atualização exige que os desenvolvedores ativem explicitamente os novos padrões de segurança para manter a compatibilidade do app e a proteção do usuário.

Os principais impactos para os desenvolvedores incluem:

Reforço da proteção do BAL e ativação aprimorada: estamos aprimorando as restrições de inicialização de atividades em segundo plano (BAL, na sigla em inglês) estendendo as proteções ao IntentSender. Os desenvolvedores precisam migrar da constante legada MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOWED. Em vez disso, adote controles granulares, como MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOW_IF_VISIBLE, que restringe os inícios de atividades a cenários em que o app de chamada está visível, reduzindo significativamente a superfície de ataque.
Ferramentas de adoção:os desenvolvedores precisam usar o modo estrito e as verificações de lint atualizadas para identificar padrões legados e garantir a preparação para os requisitos futuros do SDK de destino.

Ativar a CT por padrão

If an app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, certificate transparency (CT) is enabled by default. (On Android 16, CT is available but apps had to opt in.)

DCL nativa mais segura: C

If your app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, the Safer Dynamic Code Loading (DCL) protection introduced in Android 14 for DEX and JAR files now extends to native libraries.

All native files loaded using System.load() must be marked as read-only. Otherwise, the system throws UnsatisfiedLinkError.

We recommend that apps avoid dynamically loading code whenever possible, as doing so greatly increases the risk that an app can be compromised by code injection or code tampering.

Restringir campos de PII na visualização de dados do CP2

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level Android 17 (API level 37)) and higher, Contacts Provider 2 (CP2) restricts certain columns containing Personally Identifiable Information (PII) from the data view. When this change is enabled, these columns are removed from the data view to enhance user privacy. The restricted columns include:

Apps that are using these columns from ContactsContract.Data can extract them from ContactsContract.RawContacts instead, by joining with RAW_CONTACT_ID.

Aplicar verificações rigorosas de SQL no CP2

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level Android 17 (API level 37)) and higher, Contacts Provider 2 (CP2) enforces strict SQL query validation when the ContactsContract.Data table is accessed without READ_CONTACTS permission.

With this change, if an app doesn't have READ_CONTACTS permission, StrictColumns and StrictGrammar options are set when querying the ContactsContract.Data table. If a query uses a pattern that isn't compatible with these, it will be rejected and cause an exception to be thrown.

Mídia

O Android 17 inclui as seguintes mudanças no comportamento de mídia.

Reforço da proteção de áudio em segundo plano

Beginning with Android 17, the audio framework enforces restrictions on background audio interactions including audio playback, audio focus requests, and volume change APIs to ensure that these changes are started intentionally by the user.

Some audio restrictions apply to all apps. However, the restrictions are more stringent if an app targets Android 17 (API level 37). If one of these apps interacts with audio while it is in the background, it must have a foreground service running. In addition, the app must meet one or both of these requirements:

The foreground service must have while-in-use (WIU) capabilities.
The app must have the exact alarm permission and be interacting with USAGE_ALARM audio streams.

For more information, including mitigation strategies, see Background audio hardening.

Formatos de dispositivos

O Android 17 inclui as seguintes mudanças para melhorar a experiência do usuário em vários tamanhos de dispositivos e formatos.

Mudanças na API Platform para ignorar restrições de orientação, redimensionamento e proporção em telas grandes (sw>=600 dp)

Introduzimos mudanças na API Platform no Android 16 para ignorar restrições de orientação, proporção e redimensionamento em telas grandes (sw >= 600 dp) para apps destinados ao nível 36 da API ou mais recente. Os desenvolvedores têm a opção de desativar essas mudanças com o SDK 36, mas essa opção não estará mais disponível para apps destinados ao Android 17 (nível da API 37) ou mais recente.

Para mais informações, consulte Restrições de orientação e redimensionamento são ignoradas.

Conectividade

O Android 17 introduz a seguinte mudança para melhorar a consistência e alinhar com o comportamento padrão do Java InputStream para soquetes RFCOMM Bluetooth.

Comportamento consistente de BluetoothSocket read() para RFCOMM

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37), the read() method of the InputStream obtained from an RFCOMM-based BluetoothSocket now returns -1 when the socket is closed or the connection is dropped.

This change makes RFCOMM socket behavior consistent with LE CoC sockets and aligns with the standard InputStream.read() documentation, which states that -1 is returned when the end of the stream is reached.

Apps that rely solely on catching an IOException to break out of a read loop may be impacted by this change and should update the BluetoothSocket read loops to explicitly check for a return value of -1. This ensures the loop terminates correctly when the remote device disconnects or the socket is closed. For an example of the recommended implementation, see the code snippet in the Transfer Bluetooth data guide.