Demander un fichier partagé
Restez organisé à l'aide des collections
Enregistrez et classez les contenus selon vos préférences.
Lorsqu'une application souhaite accéder à un fichier partagé par une autre application, l'application à l'origine de la demande (le client)
envoie généralement une requête à l'application qui partage les fichiers (le serveur). Dans la plupart des cas, la demande
démarre une Activity
dans l'application de serveur qui affiche les fichiers qu'elle peut partager.
L'utilisateur sélectionne un fichier, puis l'application de serveur renvoie l'URI de contenu du fichier à la
l'application cliente.
Cette leçon explique comment une application cliente demande un fichier à une application de serveur, reçoit l'adresse IP du fichier
l'URI du contenu de l'application de serveur, puis ouvre le fichier à l'aide de l'URI de contenu.
Envoyer une requête pour le fichier
Pour demander un fichier à l'application serveur, l'application cliente appelle
startActivityForResult
avec un
Intent
contenant l'action, par exemple
ACTION_PICK
et un type MIME que l'application cliente
peut gérer.
Par exemple, l'extrait de code suivant montre comment envoyer une
Intent
à une application de serveur afin de démarrer le
Activity
décrit dans la section Partager un fichier:
Kotlin
class MainActivity : Activity() {
private lateinit var requestFileIntent: Intent
private lateinit var inputPFD: ParcelFileDescriptor
...
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
requestFileIntent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK).apply {
type = "image/jpg"
}
...
}
...
private fun requestFile() {
/**
* When the user requests a file, send an Intent to the
* server app.
* files.
*/
startActivityForResult(requestFileIntent, 0)
...
}
...
}
Java
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private Intent requestFileIntent;
private ParcelFileDescriptor inputPFD;
...
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
requestFileIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK);
requestFileIntent.setType("image/jpg");
...
}
...
protected void requestFile() {
/**
* When the user requests a file, send an Intent to the
* server app.
* files.
*/
startActivityForResult(requestFileIntent, 0);
...
}
...
}
Accéder au fichier demandé
L'application de serveur renvoie l'URI de contenu du fichier à l'application cliente dans une
Intent
Cet Intent
est transmis au client
l'application dans sa version de remplacement de onActivityResult()
. Une fois
l'application cliente dispose de l'URI de contenu du fichier, elle peut accéder au fichier en obtenant son
FileDescriptor
La sécurité des fichiers n'est préservée dans ce processus que si vous analysez correctement l'URI de contenu
reçues par l'application cliente. Lors de l'analyse du contenu, vous devez vous assurer que cet URI ne pointe pas
à tout élément extérieur au répertoire prévu, en veillant à ce qu'aucun
une tentative de balayage de répertoire est en cours ;
Seule l'application cliente doit pouvoir accéder au fichier, et uniquement pour les autorisations accordées par le
l'application de serveur. Les autorisations sont temporaires. Par conséquent, une fois la pile de tâches de l'application cliente terminée,
fichier n'est plus accessible en dehors de l'application de serveur.
L'extrait de code suivant montre comment l'application cliente gère
Intent
envoyé à partir de l'application serveur et comment l'application cliente obtient le
FileDescriptor
à l'aide de l'URI de contenu:
Kotlin
/*
* When the Activity of the app that hosts files sets a result and calls
* finish(), this method is invoked. The returned Intent contains the
* content URI of a selected file. The result code indicates if the
* selection worked or not.
*/
public override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, returnIntent: Intent) {
// If the selection didn't work
if (resultCode != Activity.RESULT_OK) {
// Exit without doing anything else
return
}
// Get the file's content URI from the incoming Intent
returnIntent.data?.also { returnUri ->
/*
* Try to open the file for "read" access using the
* returned URI. If the file isn't found, write to the
* error log and return.
*/
inputPFD = try {
/*
* Get the content resolver instance for this context, and use it
* to get a ParcelFileDescriptor for the file.
*/
contentResolver.openFileDescriptor(returnUri, "r")
} catch (e: FileNotFoundException) {
e.printStackTrace()
Log.e("MainActivity", "File not found.")
return
}
// Get a regular file descriptor for the file
val fd = inputPFD.fileDescriptor
...
}
}
Java
/*
* When the Activity of the app that hosts files sets a result and calls
* finish(), this method is invoked. The returned Intent contains the
* content URI of a selected file. The result code indicates if the
* selection worked or not.
*/
@Override
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode,
Intent returnIntent) {
// If the selection didn't work
if (resultCode != RESULT_OK) {
// Exit without doing anything else
return;
} else {
// Get the file's content URI from the incoming Intent
Uri returnUri = returnIntent.getData();
/*
* Try to open the file for "read" access using the
* returned URI. If the file isn't found, write to the
* error log and return.
*/
try {
/*
* Get the content resolver instance for this context, and use it
* to get a ParcelFileDescriptor for the file.
*/
inputPFD = getContentResolver().openFileDescriptor(returnUri, "r");
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Log.e("MainActivity", "File not found.");
return;
}
// Get a regular file descriptor for the file
FileDescriptor fd = inputPFD.getFileDescriptor();
...
}
}
La méthode openFileDescriptor()
renvoie ParcelFileDescriptor
pour le fichier. À partir de cet objet, le client
L'application obtient un objet FileDescriptor
, qu'elle peut ensuite utiliser pour lire le fichier.
Pour en savoir plus, consultez les ressources suivantes:
Le contenu et les exemples de code de cette page sont soumis aux licences décrites dans la Licence de contenu. Java et OpenJDK sont des marques ou des marques déposées d'Oracle et/ou de ses sociétés affiliées.
Dernière mise à jour le 2025/07/27 (UTC).
[[["Facile à comprendre","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["J'ai pu résoudre mon problème","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Autre","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Il n'y a pas l'information dont j'ai besoin","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["Trop compliqué/Trop d'étapes","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["Obsolète","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["Problème de traduction","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Mauvais exemple/Erreur de code","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["Autre","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Dernière mise à jour le 2025/07/27 (UTC)."],[],[],null,["# Requesting a shared file\n\nWhen an app wants to access a file shared by another app, the requesting app (the client)\nusually sends a request to the app sharing the files (the server). In most cases, the request\nstarts an [Activity](/reference/android/app/Activity) in the server app that displays the files it can share.\nThe user picks a file, after which the server app returns the file's content URI to the\nclient app.\n\n\nThis lesson shows you how a client app requests a file from a server app, receives the file's\ncontent URI from the server app, and opens the file using the content URI.\n\nSend a request for the file\n---------------------------\n\n\nTo request a file from the server app, the client app calls\n[startActivityForResult](/reference/android/app/Activity#startActivityForResult(android.content.Intent, int)) with an\n[Intent](/reference/android/content/Intent) containing the action such as\n[ACTION_PICK](/reference/android/content/Intent#ACTION_PICK) and a MIME type that the client app\ncan handle.\n\n\nFor example, the following code snippet demonstrates how to send an\n[Intent](/reference/android/content/Intent) to a server app in order to start the\n[Activity](/reference/android/app/Activity) described in [Sharing a file](/training/secure-file-sharing/share-file#SendURI): \n\n### Kotlin\n\n```kotlin\nclass MainActivity : Activity() {\n private lateinit var requestFileIntent: Intent\n private lateinit var inputPFD: ParcelFileDescriptor\n ...\n override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {\n super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)\n setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)\n requestFileIntent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK).apply {\n type = \"image/jpg\"\n }\n ...\n }\n ...\n private fun requestFile() {\n /**\n * When the user requests a file, send an Intent to the\n * server app.\n * files.\n */\n startActivityForResult(requestFileIntent, 0)\n ...\n }\n ...\n}\n```\n\n### Java\n\n```java\npublic class MainActivity extends Activity {\n private Intent requestFileIntent;\n private ParcelFileDescriptor inputPFD;\n ...\n @Override\n protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {\n super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);\n setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);\n requestFileIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK);\n requestFileIntent.setType(\"image/jpg\");\n ...\n }\n ...\n protected void requestFile() {\n /**\n * When the user requests a file, send an Intent to the\n * server app.\n * files.\n */\n startActivityForResult(requestFileIntent, 0);\n ...\n }\n ...\n}\n```\n\nAccess the requested file\n-------------------------\n\n\nThe server app sends the file's content URI back to the client app in an\n[Intent](/reference/android/content/Intent). This [Intent](/reference/android/content/Intent) is passed to the client\napp in its override of [onActivityResult()](/reference/android/app/Activity#onActivityResult(int, int, android.content.Intent)). Once\nthe client app has the file's content URI, it can access the file by getting its\n[FileDescriptor](/reference/java/io/FileDescriptor).\n\n\nFile security is preserved in this process only as long as you properly parse the content URI\nthat the client app receives. When parsing content, you must ensure that this URI does not point\nto anything outside of the intended directory, ensuring that no\n[path traversal](/privacy-and-security/risks/path-traversal) is being attempted.\nOnly the client app should gain access to the file, and only for the permissions granted by the\nserver app. Permissions are temporary, so once the client app's task stack is finished, the\nfile is no longer accessible outside the server app.\n\n\nThe next snippet demonstrates how the client app handles the\n[Intent](/reference/android/content/Intent) sent from the server app, and how the client app gets the\n[FileDescriptor](/reference/java/io/FileDescriptor) using the content URI: \n\n### Kotlin\n\n```kotlin\n/*\n * When the Activity of the app that hosts files sets a result and calls\n * finish(), this method is invoked. The returned Intent contains the\n * content URI of a selected file. The result code indicates if the\n * selection worked or not.\n */\npublic override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, returnIntent: Intent) {\n // If the selection didn't work\n if (resultCode != Activity.RESULT_OK) {\n // Exit without doing anything else\n return\n }\n // Get the file's content URI from the incoming Intent\n returnIntent.data?.also { returnUri -\u003e\n /*\n * Try to open the file for \"read\" access using the\n * returned URI. If the file isn't found, write to the\n * error log and return.\n */\n inputPFD = try {\n /*\n * Get the content resolver instance for this context, and use it\n * to get a ParcelFileDescriptor for the file.\n */\n contentResolver.openFileDescriptor(returnUri, \"r\")\n } catch (e: FileNotFoundException) {\n e.printStackTrace()\n Log.e(\"MainActivity\", \"File not found.\")\n return\n }\n\n // Get a regular file descriptor for the file\n val fd = inputPFD.fileDescriptor\n ...\n }\n}\n```\n\n### Java\n\n```java\n /*\n * When the Activity of the app that hosts files sets a result and calls\n * finish(), this method is invoked. The returned Intent contains the\n * content URI of a selected file. The result code indicates if the\n * selection worked or not.\n */\n @Override\n public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode,\n Intent returnIntent) {\n // If the selection didn't work\n if (resultCode != RESULT_OK) {\n // Exit without doing anything else\n return;\n } else {\n // Get the file's content URI from the incoming Intent\n Uri returnUri = returnIntent.getData();\n /*\n * Try to open the file for \"read\" access using the\n * returned URI. If the file isn't found, write to the\n * error log and return.\n */\n try {\n /*\n * Get the content resolver instance for this context, and use it\n * to get a ParcelFileDescriptor for the file.\n */\n inputPFD = getContentResolver().openFileDescriptor(returnUri, \"r\");\n } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {\n e.printStackTrace();\n Log.e(\"MainActivity\", \"File not found.\");\n return;\n }\n // Get a regular file descriptor for the file\n FileDescriptor fd = inputPFD.getFileDescriptor();\n ...\n }\n }\n```\n\n\nThe method [openFileDescriptor()](/reference/android/content/ContentResolver#openFileDescriptor(android.net.Uri, java.lang.String))\nreturns a [ParcelFileDescriptor](/reference/android/os/ParcelFileDescriptor) for the file. From this object, the client\napp gets a [FileDescriptor](/reference/java/io/FileDescriptor) object, which it can then use to read the file.\n\nFor additional related information, refer to:\n\n- [Intents and Intent Filters](/guide/components/intents-filters)\n- [Retrieving Data from the Provider](/guide/topics/providers/content-provider-basics#SimpleQuery)"]]