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fun isValidFile(ctx: Context, pfd: ParcelFileDescriptor, fileUri: Uri): Boolean {
    // Canonicalize to resolve symlinks and path traversals.
    val fdCanonical = File(fileUri.path!!).canonicalPath

    val pfdStat: StructStat = Os.fstat(pfd.fileDescriptor)

    // Lstat doesn't follow the symlink.
    val canonicalFileStat: StructStat = Os.lstat(fdCanonical)

    // Since we canonicalized (followed the links) the path already,
    // the path shouldn't point to symlink unless it was changed in the
    // meantime.
    if (OsConstants.S_ISLNK(canonicalFileStat.st_mode)) {
        return false
    }

    val sameFile =
        pfdStat.st_dev == canonicalFileStat.st_dev &&
        pfdStat.st_ino == canonicalFileStat.st_ino

    if (!sameFile) {
        return false
    }

    return !isBlockedPath(ctx, fdCanonical)
}

fun isBlockedPath(ctx: Context, fdCanonical: String): Boolean {
    // Paths that should rarely be exposed
    if (fdCanonical.startsWith("/proc/") ||
        fdCanonical.startsWith("/data/misc/")) {
        return true
    }

    // Implement logic to block desired directories. For example, specify
    // the entire app data/ directory to block all access.
}

boolean isValidFile(Context ctx, ParcelFileDescriptor pfd, Uri fileUri) {
    // Canonicalize to resolve symlinks and path traversals
    String fdCanonical = new File(fileUri.getPath()).getCanonicalPath();

    StructStat pfdStat = Os.fstat(pfd.getFileDescriptor());

    // Lstat doesn't follow the symlink. 
    StructStat canonicalFileStat = Os.lstat(fdCanonical);

    // Since we canonicalized (followed the links) the path already, 
    // the path shouldn't point to symlink unless it was changed in the meantime
    if (OsConstants.S_ISLNK(canonicalFileStat.st_mode)) {
        return false;
    }

    boolean sameFile =
        pfdStat.stDev == canonicalFileStat.stDev && pfdStat.stIno == canonicalFileStat.stIno;

    if (!sameFile) {
        return false;
    }

    return !isBlockedPath(ctx, fdCanonical);
} 

boolean isBlockedPath(Context ctx, String fdCanonical) {
        
        // Paths that should rarely be exposed
        if (fdCanonical.startsWith("/proc/") || fdCanonical.startsWith("/data/misc/")) {
            return true;
        }

        // Implement logic to block desired directories. For example, specify
        // the entire app data/ directory to block all access.
}

fun belongsToCurrentApplication(ctx: Context, uri: Uri): Boolean {
    val authority: String = uri.authority.toString()
    val info: ProviderInfo =
        ctx.packageManager.resolveContentProvider(authority, 0)!!

    return ctx.packageName.equals(info.packageName)
}

boolean belongsToCurrentApplication(Context ctx, Uri uri){
    String authority = uri.getAuthority();
    ProviderInfo info = ctx.getPackageManager().resolveContentProvider(authority, 0);

    return ctx.getPackageName().equals(info.packageName);
}

fun isExported(ctx: Context, uri: Uri): Boolean {
    val authority = uri.authority.toString()
    val info: ProviderInfo =
            ctx.packageManager.resolveContentProvider(authority, 0)!!

    return info.exported
}

boolean isExported(Context ctx, Uri uri){
    String authority = uri.getAuthority();
    ProviderInfo info = ctx.getPackageManager().resolveContentProvider(authority, 0);       

    return info.exported;
}

// grantFlag is one of: FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION or FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION
fun wasGrantedPermission(ctx: Context, uri: Uri?, grantFlag: Int): Boolean {
    val pid: Int = Process.myPid()
    val uid: Int = Process.myUid()
    return ctx.checkUriPermission(uri, pid, uid, grantFlag) ==
            PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
}

// grantFlag is one of: FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION or FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION
boolean wasGrantedPermission(Context ctx, Uri uri, int grantFlag){
    int pid = Process.myPid();
    int uid = Process.myUid();

    return ctx.checkUriPermission(uri, pid, uid, grantFlag) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
}

// grantFlag is one of: FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION or FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION
fun wasGrantedPermission(ctx: Context, uri: Uri?, grantFlag: Int): Boolean {
    val pid: Int = Process.myPid()
    val uid: Int = Process.myUid()
    return ctx.checkUriPermission(uri, pid, uid, grantFlag) ==
            PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
}

// grantFlag is one of: FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION or FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION
boolean wasGrantedPermission(Context ctx, Uri uri, int grantFlag){
    int pid = Process.myPid();
    int uid = Process.myUid();

    return ctx.checkUriPermission(uri, pid, uid, grantFlag) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
}