A partir de Android 14 (nivel de API 34), debes declarar un tipo de servicio apropiado para cada servicio en primer plano. Eso significa que debes declarar el tipo de servicio en el manifiesto de tu app y, además, solicitar el permiso de servicio en primer plano adecuado para ese tipo (además de solicitar el permiso FOREGROUND_SERVICE
). Además, según el tipo de servicio en primer plano, es posible que debas solicitar permisos de tiempo de ejecución antes de iniciar el servicio.
Cámara
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
camera
- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA
- Runtime prerequisites
Request and be granted the
CAMERA
runtime permission- Description
Continue to access the camera from the background, such as video chat apps that allow for multitasking.
Dispositivo conectado
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
connectedDevice
- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
- Runtime prerequisites
At least one of the following conditions must be true:
Declare at least one of the following permissions in your manifest:
Request and be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:
- Description
Interactions with external devices that require a Bluetooth, NFC, IR, USB, or network connection.
- Alternatives
If your app needs to do continuous data transfer to an external device, consider using the companion device manager instead. Use the companion device presence API to help your app stay running while the companion device is in range.
If your app needs to scan for bluetooth devices, consider using the Bluetooth scan API instead.
Sincronización de datos
- Tipo de servicio en primer plano que se declarará en el manifiesto en
android:foregroundServiceType
dataSync
- Permiso para declarar en tu manifiesto
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC
- Es la constante que se pasa a
startForeground()
. FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC
- Requisitos previos del entorno de ejecución
- Ninguno
- Descripción
Operaciones de transferencia de datos, como las siguientes:
- Sube o descarga de datos
- Operaciones de copia de seguridad y restablecimiento
- Operaciones de importación o exportación
- Cómo obtener datos
- Procesamiento de archivos locales
- Cómo transferir datos entre un dispositivo y la nube a través de una red
- Alternativas
Consulta Alternativas a los servicios en primer plano de sincronización de datos para obtener información detallada.
Salud
- Tipo de servicio en primer plano que se declarará en el manifiesto en
android:foregroundServiceType
health
- Permiso para declarar en tu manifiesto
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH
- Es la constante que se pasa a
startForeground()
. FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH
- Requisitos previos del entorno de ejecución
Debe cumplirse mínimo una de las siguientes condiciones:
Declara el permiso
HIGH_SAMPLING_RATE_SENSORS
en tu manifiesto.Solicita y obtén al menos uno de los siguientes permisos de tiempo de ejecución:
- Descripción
Cualquier caso de uso de larga duración para admitir apps de la categoría de entrenamiento, como monitoreos de ejercicios
Ubicación
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
location
- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION
- Runtime prerequisites
The user must have enabled location services and the app must be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:
- Description
Long-running use cases that require location access, such as navigation and location sharing.
- Alternatives
If your app needs to be triggered when the user reaches specific locations, consider using the geofence API instead.
Contenido multimedia
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaPlayback
- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
- Runtime prerequisites
- None
- Description
Continue audio or video playback from the background. Support Digital Video Recording (DVR) functionality on Android TV.
- Alternatives
If you're showing picture-in-picture video, use Picture-in-Picture mode.
Procesando archivos multimedia
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProcessing
- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
- Runtime prerequisites
- None
- Description
Service for performing time-consuming operations on media assets, like converting media to different formats. The system allows this service a limited time to run; under normal circumstances, this time limit would be 6 hours out of every 24. (This limit is shared by all of an app's
mediaProcessing
foreground services.)Your app should manually stop the media processing service in the following scenario:
- When the transcoding operation finishes or reaches a failure state, have the
service call
Service.stopForeground()
andService.stopSelf()
to stop the service completely.
- When the transcoding operation finishes or reaches a failure state, have the
service call
If the timeout period is reached, the system calls the service's
Service.onTimeout(int, int)
method. At this time, the service has a few seconds to callService.stopSelf()
. If the service does not callService.stopSelf()
, an ANR will occur with this error message: "A foreground service of <fgs_type> did not stop within its timeout: <component_name>".Note:
Service.onTimeout(int, int)
is not available on Android 14 or lower. On devices running those versions, if a media processing service reaches the timeout period, the system immediately caches the app. For this reason, your app shouldn't wait to get a timeout notification. Instead, it should terminate the foreground service or change it to a background service as soon as appropriate.
Proyección de contenido multimedia
- Tipo de servicio en primer plano que se declarará en el manifiesto en
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProjection
- Permiso para declarar en tu manifiesto
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
- Es la constante que se pasa a
startForeground()
. FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
- Requisitos previos del entorno de ejecución
Llama al método
createScreenCaptureIntent()
antes de iniciar el servicio en primer plano. De esta manera, se muestra una notificación de permiso al usuario, quien debe otorgar el permiso para que puedas crear el servicio.Después de crear el servicio en primer plano, puedes llamar a
MediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection()
.- Descripción
Proyecta el contenido en un dispositivo externo o una pantalla no principal con las APIs de
MediaProjection
. No es necesario que este contenido sea solo multimedia.- Alternativas
Para transmitir contenido multimedia a otro dispositivo, usa el SDK de Google Cast.
Micrófono
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
microphone
- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE
- Runtime prerequisites
Request and be granted the
RECORD_AUDIO
runtime permission.- Description
Continue microphone capture from the background, such as voice recorders or communication apps.
Llamada telefónica
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
phoneCall
- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL
- Runtime prerequisites
At least one of these conditions must be true:
- App has declared the
MANAGE_OWN_CALLS
permission in its manifest file.
- App has declared the
- App is the default dialer app through the
ROLE_DIALER
role.
- App is the default dialer app through the
- Description
Continue an ongoing call using the
ConnectionService
APIs.- Alternatives
If you need to make phone, video, or VoIP calls, consider using the
android.telecom
library.Consider using
CallScreeningService
to screen calls.
Mensajería remota
- Tipo de servicio en primer plano que se declarará en el manifiesto
android:foregroundServiceType
remoteMessaging
- Permiso para declarar en tu manifiesto
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
- Constante para pasar a
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
- Requisitos previos del entorno de ejecución
- Ninguno
- Descripción
- Transfiere mensajes de texto de un dispositivo a otro. Brinda asistencia para la continuidad de las tareas de mensajería de un usuario cuando este cambia de dispositivo.
Servicio corto
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
shortService
- Permission to declare in your manifest
- None
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE
- Runtime prerequisites
- None
- Description
Quickly finish critical work that cannot be interrupted or postponed.
This type has some unique characteristics:
- Can only run for a short period of time (about 3 minutes).
- No support for sticky foreground services.
- Cannot start other foreground services.
- Doesn't require a type-specific permission, though it still
requires the
FOREGROUND_SERVICE
permission. - A
shortService
can only change to another service type if the app is currently eligible to start a new foreground service. - A foreground service can change its type to
shortService
at any time, at which point the timeout period begins.
The timeout for shortService begins from the moment that
Service.startForeground()
is called. The app is expected to callService.stopSelf()
orService.stopForeground()
before the timeout occurs. Otherwise, the newService.onTimeout()
is called, giving apps a brief opportunity to callstopSelf()
orstopForeground()
to stop their service.A short time after
Service.onTimeout()
is called, the app enters a cached state and is no longer considered to be in the foreground, unless the user is actively interacting with the app. A short time after the app is cached and the service has not stopped, the app receives an ANR. The ANR message mentionsFOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE
. For these reasons, it's considered best practice to implement theService.onTimeout()
callback.The
Service.onTimeout()
callback doesn't exist on Android 13 and lower. If the same service runs on such devices, it doesn't receive a timeout, nor does it ANR. Make sure that your service stops as soon as it finishes the processing task, even if it hasn't received theService.onTimeout()
callback yet.It's important to note that if the timeout of the
shortService
is not respected, the app will ANR even if it has other valid foreground services or other app lifecycle processes running.If an app is visible to the user or satisfies one of the exemptions that allow foreground services to be started from the background, calling
Service.StartForeground()
again with theFOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE
parameter extends the timeout by another 3 minutes. If the app isn't visible to the user and doesn't satisfy one of the exemptions, any attempt to start another foreground service, regardless of type, causes aForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException
.If a user disables battery optimization for your app, it's still affected by the timeout of shortService FGS.
If you start a foreground service that includes the
shortService
type and another foreground service type, the system ignores theshortService
type declaration. However, the service must still adhere to the prerequisites of the other declared types. For more information, see the Foreground services documentation.
Uso especial
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
specialUse
- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE
- Constant to pass to
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE
- Runtime prerequisites
- None
- Description
Covers any valid foreground service use cases that aren't covered by the other foreground service types.
In addition to declaring the
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE
foreground service type, developers should declare use cases in the manifest. To do so, they specify the<property>
element within the<service>
element. These values and corresponding use cases are reviewed when you submit your app in the Google Play Console. The use cases you provide are free-form, and you should make sure to provide enough information to let the reviewer see why you need to use thespecialUse
type.<service android:name="fooService" android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse"> <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE" android:value="explanation_for_special_use"/> </service>
Sistema exento
- Tipo de servicio en primer plano que se declarará en el manifiesto
android:foregroundServiceType
systemExempted
- Permiso para declarar en tu manifiesto
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
- Constante para pasar a
startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
- Requisitos previos del entorno de ejecución
- Ninguno
- Descripción
Reservado para aplicaciones del sistema, además de integraciones de sistemas específicos, para seguir usando los servicios en primer plano.
Para usar este tipo, una app debe cumplir con mínimo uno de los siguientes criterios:
- El dispositivo debe estar en modo de demostración
- La app debe ser del propietario del dispositivo
- La app debe ser del propietario del generador de perfiles.
- Apps de seguridad que tienen la función
ROLE_EMERGENCY
- Apps de administración del dispositivo
- Apps que tienen el permiso
SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM
oUSE_EXACT_ALARM
Apps de VPN (configuradas mediante Configuración > Internet y redes > VPN)
De lo contrario, declarar este tipo causa que el sistema arroje una
ForegroundServiceTypeNotAllowedException
.
Aplicación forzosa de las políticas de Google Play para usar tipos de servicios en primer plano
If your app targets Android 14 or higher, you'll need to declare your app's foreground service types in the Play Console's app content page (Policy > App content). For more information on how to declare your foreground service types in Play Console, see Understanding foreground service and full-screen intent requirements.