Типы служб переднего плана

Начиная с Android 14 (уровень API 34), необходимо объявить соответствующий тип службы для каждой службы переднего плана. Это означает, что необходимо объявить тип службы в манифесте приложения и запросить соответствующее разрешение для службы переднего плана для этого типа (в дополнение к запросу разрешения FOREGROUND_SERVICE ). Кроме того, в зависимости от типа службы переднего плана, перед запуском службы может потребоваться запросить разрешения времени выполнения.

Камера

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under android:foregroundServiceType
camera
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA
Runtime prerequisites

Request and be granted the CAMERA runtime permission

Description

Continue to access the camera from the background, such as video chat apps that allow for multitasking.

Подключенное устройство

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
connectedDevice
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

Description

Interactions with external devices that require a Bluetooth, NFC, IR, USB, or network connection.

Alternatives

If your app needs to do continuous data transfer to an external device, consider using the companion device manager instead. Use the companion device presence API to help your app stay running while the companion device is in range.

If your app needs to scan for bluetooth devices, consider using the Bluetooth scan API instead.

Синхронизация данных

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
dataSync
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Data transfer operations, such as the following:

  • Data upload or download
  • Backup-and-restore operations
  • Import or export operations
  • Fetch data
  • Local file processing
  • Transfer data between a device and the cloud over a network
Alternatives

See Alternatives to data sync foreground services for detailed information.

Здоровье

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
health
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

Description

Any long-running use cases to support apps in the fitness category such as exercise trackers.

Расположение

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
location
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION
Runtime prerequisites

The user must have enabled location services and the app must be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:

Description

Long-running use cases that require location access, such as navigation and location sharing.

Alternatives

If your app needs to be triggered when the user reaches specific locations, consider using the geofence API instead.

СМИ

Тип службы переднего плана, который необходимо объявить в манифесте
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaPlayback
Разрешение на декларирование в вашем манифесте
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
Константа для передачи в startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
Предварительные условия выполнения
Никто
Описание

Продолжение воспроизведения аудио или видео в фоновом режиме. Поддержка функции цифровой видеозаписи (DVR) на Android TV .

Альтернативы

Если вы демонстрируете видео в формате «картинка в картинке», используйте режим «Картинка в картинке» .

,
Тип службы переднего плана, который необходимо объявить в манифесте
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaPlayback
Разрешение на декларирование в вашем манифесте
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
Константа для передачи в startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
Предварительные условия выполнения
Никто
Описание

Продолжение воспроизведения аудио или видео в фоновом режиме. Поддержка функции цифровой видеозаписи (DVR) на Android TV .

Альтернативы

Если вы демонстрируете видео в формате «картинка в картинке», используйте режим «Картинка в картинке» .

Обработка медиа

Тип службы переднего плана, который нужно объявить в манифесте в разделе
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProcessing
Разрешение объявить в своем манифесте
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
Константа для передачи в startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
Предварительные требования для выполнения
Никто
Описание

Сервис для выполнения трудоемких операций с медиаресурсами, таких как преобразование мультимедиа в разные форматы. Система позволяет этой службе работать ограниченное время; при нормальных обстоятельствах этот лимит времени будет составлять 6 часов из каждых 24. (Этот лимит является общим для всех служб переднего плана mediaProcessing приложения.)

Ваше приложение должно вручную остановить службу обработки мультимедиа в следующем сценарии:

  • Когда операция перекодирования завершится или достигнет состояния сбоя, вызовите службу Service.stopForeground() и Service.stopSelf() чтобы полностью остановить службу.

Если период тайм-аута достигнут, система вызывает метод службы Service.onTimeout(int, int) . В это время у службы есть несколько секунд для вызова Service.stopSelf() . Если служба не вызывает Service.stopSelf() , произойдет ANR с этим сообщением об ошибке: «Служба переднего плана <fgs_type> не остановилась в течение времени ожидания: <comComponent_name> ».

Примечание . Service.onTimeout(int, int) недоступен на Android 14 или более ранней версии. На устройствах с этими версиями, если служба обработки мультимедиа достигает периода ожидания, система немедленно кэширует приложение. По этой причине вашему приложению не следует ждать получения уведомления о тайм-ауте. Вместо этого ему следует прекратить работу службы переднего плана или заменить ее на фоновую службу, как только это станет возможным.

Медиа-проекция

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProjection
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
Runtime prerequisites

Call the createScreenCaptureIntent() method before starting the foreground service. Doing so shows a permission notification to the user; the user must grant the permission before you can create the service.

After you have created the foreground service, you can call MediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection().

Description

Project content to non-primary display or external device using the MediaProjection APIs. This content doesn't have to be exclusively media content.

Alternatives

To stream media to another device, use the Google Cast SDK.

Микрофон

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
microphone
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE
Runtime prerequisites

Request and be granted the RECORD_AUDIO runtime permission.

Description

Continue microphone capture from the background, such as voice recorders or communication apps.

Телефонный звонок

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
phoneCall
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of these conditions must be true:

  • App is the default dialer app through the ROLE_DIALER role.
Description

Continue an ongoing call using the ConnectionService APIs.

Alternatives

If you need to make phone, video, or VoIP calls, consider using the android.telecom library.

Consider using CallScreeningService to screen calls.

Удаленный обмен сообщениями

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
remoteMessaging
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description
Transfer text messages from one device to another. Assists with continuity of a user's messaging tasks when they switch devices.

Короткий срок службы

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
shortService
Permission to declare in your manifest
None
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Quickly finish critical work that cannot be interrupted or postponed.

This type has some unique characteristics:

  • Can only run for a short period of time (about 3 minutes).
  • No support for sticky foreground services.
  • Cannot start other foreground services.
  • Doesn't require a type-specific permission, though it still requires the FOREGROUND_SERVICE permission.
  • A shortService can only change to another service type if the app is currently eligible to start a new foreground service.
  • A foreground service can change its type to shortService at any time, at which point the timeout period begins.

The timeout for shortService begins from the moment that Service.startForeground() is called. The app is expected to call Service.stopSelf() or Service.stopForeground() before the timeout occurs. Otherwise, the new Service.onTimeout() is called, giving apps a brief opportunity to call stopSelf() or stopForeground() to stop their service.

A short time after Service.onTimeout() is called, the app enters a cached state and is no longer considered to be in the foreground, unless the user is actively interacting with the app. A short time after the app is cached and the service has not stopped, the app receives an ANR. The ANR message mentions FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE. For these reasons, it's considered best practice to implement the Service.onTimeout() callback.

The Service.onTimeout() callback doesn't exist on Android 13 and lower. If the same service runs on such devices, it doesn't receive a timeout, nor does it ANR. Make sure that your service stops as soon as it finishes the processing task, even if it hasn't received the Service.onTimeout() callback yet.

It's important to note that if the timeout of the shortService is not respected, the app will ANR even if it has other valid foreground services or other app lifecycle processes running.

If an app is visible to the user or satisfies one of the exemptions that allow foreground services to be started from the background, calling Service.StartForeground() again with the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE parameter extends the timeout by another 3 minutes. If the app isn't visible to the user and doesn't satisfy one of the exemptions, any attempt to start another foreground service, regardless of type, causes a ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

If a user disables battery optimization for your app, it's still affected by the timeout of shortService FGS.

If you start a foreground service that includes the shortService type and another foreground service type, the system ignores the shortService type declaration. However, the service must still adhere to the prerequisites of the other declared types. For more information, see the Foreground services documentation.

Специальное использование

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
specialUse
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Covers any valid foreground service use cases that aren't covered by the other foreground service types.

In addition to declaring the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE foreground service type, developers should declare use cases in the manifest. To do so, they specify the <property> element within the <service> element. These values and corresponding use cases are reviewed when you submit your app in the Google Play Console. The use cases you provide are free-form, and you should make sure to provide enough information to let the reviewer see why you need to use the specialUse type.

<service android:name="fooService" android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse">
  <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE"
      android:value="explanation_for_special_use"/>
</service>

Система освобождена

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
systemExempted
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Reserved for system applications and specific system integrations, to continue to use foreground services.

To use this type, an app must meet at least one of the following criteria:

Применение политики Google Play для использования типов служб переднего плана

Если ваше приложение предназначено для Android 14 или более поздней версии, вам необходимо объявить типы служб переднего плана вашего приложения на странице контента приложения Play Console ( Политика > Контент приложения ). Дополнительную информацию о том, как объявить типы служб переднего плана в Play Console, см. в разделе Общие сведения о службах переднего плана и требованиях к полноэкранному режиму .