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Davranış değişiklikleri: Android 17 veya sonraki sürümleri hedefleyen uygulamalar

Önceki sürümlerde olduğu gibi Android 17 de uygulamanızı etkileyebilecek davranış değişiklikleri içerir. Aşağıdaki davranış değişiklikleri yalnızca Android 17 veya sonraki sürümleri hedefleyen uygulamalar için geçerlidir. Uygulamanız Android 17 veya sonraki sürümleri hedefliyorsa uygulamanızı, geçerli olduğu durumlarda bu davranışları destekleyecek şekilde değiştirmeniz gerekir.

Uygulamanızın targetSdkVersion değerinden bağımsız olarak, Android 17'de çalışan tüm uygulamaları etkileyen davranış değişiklikleri listesini de inceleyin.

Temel işlevler

Android 17, Android sisteminin çeşitli temel özelliklerini değiştiren veya genişleten aşağıdaki değişiklikleri içerir.

MessageQueue'nun yeni kilit içermeyen uygulaması

Beginning with Android 17, apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher receive a new lock-free implementation of android.os.MessageQueue. The new implementation improves performance and reduces missed frames, but may break clients that reflect on MessageQueue private fields and methods.

For more information, including mitigation strategies, see MessageQueue behavior change guidance.

Statik nihai alanlar artık değiştirilemiyor

Apps running on Android 17 or higher that target Android 17 (API level 37) or higher cannot change static final fields. If an app attempts to change a static final field by using reflection, it will cause an IllegalAccessException. Attempting to modify one of these fields through JNI APIs (such as SetStaticLongField()) will cause the app to crash.

Erişilebilirlik

Android 17, erişilebilirliği iyileştirmek için aşağıdaki değişiklikleri yapar.

This feature introduces new AccessibilityEvent and TextAttribute APIs to enhance screen reader spoken feedback for CJKV language input. CJKV IME apps can now signal whether a text conversion candidate has been selected during text composition. Apps with edit fields can specify text change types when sending text changed accessibility events. For example, apps can specify that a text change occurred during text composition, or that a text change resulted from a commit. Doing this enables accessibility services such as screen readers to deliver more precise feedback based on the nature of the text modification.

App adoption

IME Apps: When setting composing text in edit fields, IMEs can use TextAttribute.Builder.setTextSuggestionSelected() to indicate whether a specific conversion candidate was selected.
Apps with Edit Fields: Apps that maintain a custom InputConnection can retrieve candidate selection data by calling TextAttribute.isTextSuggestionSelected(). These apps should then call AccessibilityEvent.setTextChangeTypes() when dispatching TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED events. Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) that use the standard TextView will have this feature enabled by default. (That is, TextView will handle retrieving data from the IME and setting text change types when sending events to accessibility services).
Accessibility Services: Accessibility services that process TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED events can call AccessibilityEvent.getTextChangeTypes() to identify the nature of the modification and adjust their feedback strategies accordingly.

Gizlilik

Android 17, kullanıcı gizliliğini iyileştirmek için aşağıdaki değişiklikleri içerir.

ECH (Encrypted Client Hello) etkinleştirildi

Android 17 introduces platform support for Encrypted Client Hello (ECH), a TLS extension that enhances user privacy by encrypting the Server Name Indication (SNI) in the TLS handshake. This encryption helps prevent network observers from easily identifying the specific domain your app is connecting to.

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, ECH is used for TLS connections. ECH is active only if the networking library used by the app (for example, HttpEngine, WebView, or OkHttp) has integrated ECH support and the remote server also supports the ECH protocol. If ECH cannot be negotiated, the client sends an ECH extension with randomized contents (a mechanism called ECH GREASE). See RFC 9849 for more details on how ECH GREASE works.

To allow apps to customize this behavior, Android 17 adds a new <domainEncryption> element to the Network Security Configuration file. Developers can use <domainEncryption> within <base-config> or <domain-config> tags to select an ECH mode (for example, "enabled" or "disabled") on a global or per-domain basis.

For more information, see the Encrypted Client Hello documentation.

Android 17'yi hedefleyen uygulamalar için yerel ağ izni gerekiyor

Android 17 introduces the ACCESS_LOCAL_NETWORK runtime permission to protect users from unauthorized local network access. Because this falls under the existing NEARBY_DEVICES permission group, users who have already granted other NEARBY_DEVICES permissions aren't prompted again. This new requirement prevents malicious apps from exploiting unrestricted local network access for covert user tracking and fingerprinting. By declaring and requesting this permission, your app can discover and connect to devices on the local area network (LAN), such as smart home devices or casting receivers.

Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher now have two paths to maintain communication with LAN devices: Adopt system-mediated, privacy-preserving device pickers to skip the permission prompt, or explicitly request this new permission at runtime to maintain local network communication.

For more information, see the Local network permission documentation.

Şifreleri fiziksel cihazlardan gizleme

If an app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher and the user is using a physical input device (for example, an external keyboard), the Android operating system applies the new show_passwords_physical setting to all characters in the password field. By default, that setting hides all password characters.

The Android system shows the last-typed password character to help the user see if they mistyped the password. However, this is much less necessary with larger external keyboards. In addition, devices with external keyboards often have larger displays, which increases the danger of someone seeing the typed password.

If the user is using the device's touchscreen, the system applies the new show_passwords_touch setting.

Standart SMS mesajları için tek kullanımlık şifre koruması

Beginning with Android 17, Android is extending its SMS OTP protection to apply to standard SMS messages (SMS messages containing an OTP that do not use the WebOTP or SMS Retriever formats). For most apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, these SMS messages do not become available until three hours after receipt. This delay is intended to help prevent OTP hijacking. During this three hour delay, the SMS_RECEIVED_ACTION broadcast is withheld and SMS provider database queries are filtered. The SMS message is available to these apps after the delay.

Certain apps such as the default SMS assistant app, connected device companion apps, etc., are exempted from this delay. All apps that rely on reading SMS messages for OTP extraction should transition to using SMS Retriever or SMS User Consent APIs to ensure continued functionality.

Güvenlik

Android 17, cihaz ve uygulama güvenliğiyle ilgili aşağıdaki iyileştirmeleri sunar.

Etkinlik Güvenliği

In Android 17, the platform continues its shift toward a "secure-by-default" architecture, introducing a suite of enhancements designed to mitigate high-severity exploits such as phishing, interaction hijacking, and confused deputy attacks. This update requires developers to explicitly opt in to new security standards to maintain app compatibility and user protection.

Key impacts for developers include:

BAL hardening & improved opt-in: We are refining Background Activity Launch (BAL) restrictions by extending protections to IntentSender. Developers must migrate away from the legacy MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOWED constant. Instead, you should adopt granular controls like MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOW_IF_VISIBLE, which restricts activity starts to scenarios where the calling app is visible, significantly reducing the attack surface.
Adoption tools: Developers should utilize strict mode and updated lint checks to identify legacy patterns and ensure readiness for future target SDK requirements.

Varsayılan olarak CT'yi etkinleştirme

If an app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, certificate transparency (CT) is enabled by default. (On Android 16, CT is available but apps had to opt in.)

Daha güvenli yerel DCL-C

Uygulamanız Android 17'yi (API düzeyi 37) veya sonraki sürümleri hedefliyorsa Android 14'te DEX ve JAR dosyaları için kullanıma sunulan daha güvenli dinamik kod yükleme (DCL) koruması artık yerel kitaplıkları da kapsıyor.

System.load() kullanılarak yüklenen tüm yerel dosyalar salt okunur olarak işaretlenmelidir. Aksi takdirde sistem UnsatisfiedLinkError değerini döndürür.

Uygulamaların mümkün olduğunca dinamik olarak kod yüklemesini önermekteyiz. Aksi takdirde, uygulamanın kod yerleştirme veya kod kurcalama yoluyla güvenliğinin ihlal edilme riski büyük ölçüde artar.

CP2 veri görünümünde kimliği tanımlayabilecek bilgi (PII) alanlarını kısıtlama

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level Android 17 (API level 37)) and higher, Contacts Provider 2 (CP2) restricts certain columns containing Personally Identifiable Information (PII) from the data view. When this change is enabled, these columns are removed from the data view to enhance user privacy. The restricted columns include:

Apps that are using these columns from ContactsContract.Data can extract them from ContactsContract.RawContacts instead, by joining with RAW_CONTACT_ID.

CP2'de sıkı SQL kontrollerini zorunlu kılma

Android 17 (API düzeyi 37) ve sonraki sürümleri hedefleyen uygulamalarda, ContactsContract.Data tablosuna READ_CONTACTS izni olmadan erişildiğinde Contacts Provider 2 (CP2), katı SQL sorgusu doğrulaması uygular.

Bu değişiklikle birlikte, bir uygulamanın READ_CONTACTS izni yoksa ContactsContract.Data tablosu sorgulanırken StrictColumns ve StrictGrammar seçenekleri ayarlanır. Bu biçimlerle uyumlu olmayan bir kalıp kullanan sorgular reddedilir ve istisna oluşturur.

Medya

Android 17, medya davranışıyla ilgili aşağıdaki değişiklikleri içerir.

Arka planda ses sağlamlaştırma

Beginning with Android 17, the audio framework enforces restrictions on background audio interactions including audio playback, audio focus requests, and volume change APIs to ensure that these changes are started intentionally by the user.

Some audio restrictions apply to all apps. However, the restrictions are more stringent if an app targets Android 17 (API level 37). If one of these apps interacts with audio while it is in the background, it must have a foreground service running. In addition, the app must meet one or both of these requirements:

The foreground service must have while-in-use (WIU) capabilities.
The app must have the exact alarm permission and be interacting with USAGE_ALARM audio streams.

For more information, including mitigation strategies, see Background audio hardening.

Cihaz form faktörleri

Android 17, çeşitli cihaz boyutları ve form faktörlerinde kullanıcı deneyimini iyileştirmek için aşağıdaki değişiklikleri içerir.

Büyük ekranlarda (sw>=600dp) yön, yeniden boyutlandırma ve en-boy oranı kısıtlamalarını yoksaymak için platform API'sinde yapılan değişiklikler

We introduced Platform API changes in Android 16 to ignore orientation, aspect ratio, and resizability restrictions on large screens (sw >= 600dp) for apps targeting API level 36 or higher. Developers have the option to opt out of these changes with SDK 36, but this opt-out will no longer be available for apps that target Android 17 (API level 37) or higher.

For more information, see Restrictions on orientation and resizability are ignored.

Bağlantı

Android 17, tutarlılığı artırmak ve Bluetooth RFCOMM soketleri için standart Java InputStream davranışı ile uyumlu hale getirmek amacıyla aşağıdaki değişikliği sunar.

RFCOMM için tutarlı BluetoothSocket read() davranışı

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37), the read() method of the InputStream obtained from an RFCOMM-based BluetoothSocket now returns -1 when the socket is closed or the connection is dropped.

This change makes RFCOMM socket behavior consistent with LE CoC sockets and aligns with the standard InputStream.read() documentation, which states that -1 is returned when the end of the stream is reached.

Apps that rely solely on catching an IOException to break out of a read loop may be impacted by this change and should update the BluetoothSocket read loops to explicitly check for a return value of -1. This ensures the loop terminates correctly when the remote device disconnects or the socket is closed. For an example of the recommended implementation, see the code snippet in the Transfer Bluetooth data guide.