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Cambios en el comportamiento: apps orientadas a Android 17 o versiones posteriores

Al igual que las versiones anteriores, Android 17 incluye cambios de comportamiento que podrían afectar tu app. Los siguientes cambios se aplican exclusivamente a las apps que tienen como objetivo Android 17 o versiones posteriores. Si tu app está orientada a Android 17 o versiones posteriores, debes modificarla para que admita estos comportamientos, cuando corresponda.

Asegúrate de revisar también la lista de cambios en el comportamiento que afectan a todas las apps que se ejecutan en Android 17, independientemente de la targetSdkVersion de tu app.

Funcionalidad principal

Android 17 incluye los siguientes cambios que modifican o expanden varias capacidades principales del sistema Android.

Nueva implementación sin bloqueo de MessageQueue

Beginning with Android 17, apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher receive a new lock-free implementation of android.os.MessageQueue. The new implementation improves performance and reduces missed frames, but may break clients that reflect on MessageQueue private fields and methods.

For more information, including mitigation strategies, see MessageQueue behavior change guidance.

Los campos finales estáticos ahora son inmodificables

Las apps que se ejecutan en Android 17 o versiones posteriores y que se segmentan para Android 17 (nivel de API 37) o versiones posteriores no pueden cambiar los campos de static final. Si una app intenta cambiar un campo static final con la reflexión, se producirá un IllegalAccessException. Si intentas modificar uno de estos campos a través de las APIs de JNI (como SetStaticLongField()), la app fallará.

Accesibilidad

Android 17 incluye los siguientes cambios para mejorar la accesibilidad.

This feature introduces new AccessibilityEvent and TextAttribute APIs to enhance screen reader spoken feedback for CJKV language input. CJKV IME apps can now signal whether a text conversion candidate has been selected during text composition. Apps with edit fields can specify text change types when sending text changed accessibility events. For example, apps can specify that a text change occurred during text composition, or that a text change resulted from a commit. Doing this enables accessibility services such as screen readers to deliver more precise feedback based on the nature of the text modification.

App adoption

IME Apps: When setting composing text in edit fields, IMEs can use TextAttribute.Builder.setTextSuggestionSelected() to indicate whether a specific conversion candidate was selected.
Apps with Edit Fields: Apps that maintain a custom InputConnection can retrieve candidate selection data by calling TextAttribute.isTextSuggestionSelected(). These apps should then call AccessibilityEvent.setTextChangeTypes() when dispatching TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED events. Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) that use the standard TextView will have this feature enabled by default. (That is, TextView will handle retrieving data from the IME and setting text change types when sending events to accessibility services).
Accessibility Services: Accessibility services that process TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED events can call AccessibilityEvent.getTextChangeTypes() to identify the nature of the modification and adjust their feedback strategies accordingly.

Privacidad

Android 17 incluye los siguientes cambios para mejorar la privacidad del usuario.

ECH (Encrypted Client Hello) habilitado

Android 17 introduces platform support for Encrypted Client Hello (ECH), a TLS extension that enhances user privacy by encrypting the Server Name Indication (SNI) in the TLS handshake. This encryption helps prevent network observers from easily identifying the specific domain your app is connecting to.

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, ECH is used for TLS connections. ECH is active only if the networking library used by the app (for example, HttpEngine, WebView, or OkHttp) has integrated ECH support and the remote server also supports the ECH protocol. If ECH cannot be negotiated, the client sends an ECH extension with randomized contents (a mechanism called ECH GREASE). See RFC 9849 for more details on how ECH GREASE works.

To allow apps to customize this behavior, Android 17 adds a new <domainEncryption> element to the Network Security Configuration file. Developers can use <domainEncryption> within <base-config> or <domain-config> tags to select an ECH mode (for example, "enabled" or "disabled") on a global or per-domain basis.

For more information, see the Encrypted Client Hello documentation.

Se requiere permiso de red local para las apps segmentadas para Android 17

Android 17 introduces the ACCESS_LOCAL_NETWORK runtime permission to protect users from unauthorized local network access. Because this falls under the existing NEARBY_DEVICES permission group, users who have already granted other NEARBY_DEVICES permissions aren't prompted again. This new requirement prevents malicious apps from exploiting unrestricted local network access for covert user tracking and fingerprinting. By declaring and requesting this permission, your app can discover and connect to devices on the local area network (LAN), such as smart home devices or casting receivers.

Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher now have two paths to maintain communication with LAN devices: Adopt system-mediated, privacy-preserving device pickers to skip the permission prompt, or explicitly request this new permission at runtime to maintain local network communication.

For more information, see the Local network permission documentation.

Cómo ocultar contraseñas en dispositivos físicos

If an app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher and the user is using a physical input device (for example, an external keyboard), the Android operating system applies the new show_passwords_physical setting to all characters in the password field. By default, that setting hides all password characters.

The Android system shows the last-typed password character to help the user see if they mistyped the password. However, this is much less necessary with larger external keyboards. In addition, devices with external keyboards often have larger displays, which increases the danger of someone seeing the typed password.

If the user is using the device's touchscreen, the system applies the new show_passwords_touch setting.

Protección de OTP para mensajes SMS estándar

Beginning with Android 17, Android is extending its SMS OTP protection to apply to standard SMS messages (SMS messages containing an OTP that do not use the WebOTP or SMS Retriever formats). For most apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, these SMS messages do not become available until three hours after receipt. This delay is intended to help prevent OTP hijacking. During this three hour delay, the SMS_RECEIVED_ACTION broadcast is withheld and SMS provider database queries are filtered. The SMS message is available to these apps after the delay.

Certain apps such as the default SMS assistant app, connected device companion apps, etc., are exempted from this delay. All apps that rely on reading SMS messages for OTP extraction should transition to using SMS Retriever or SMS User Consent APIs to ensure continued functionality.

Seguridad

Android 17 incluye las siguientes mejoras en la seguridad de los dispositivos y las apps.

Seguridad de la actividad

In Android 17, the platform continues its shift toward a "secure-by-default" architecture, introducing a suite of enhancements designed to mitigate high-severity exploits such as phishing, interaction hijacking, and confused deputy attacks. This update requires developers to explicitly opt in to new security standards to maintain app compatibility and user protection.

Key impacts for developers include:

BAL hardening & improved opt-in: We are refining Background Activity Launch (BAL) restrictions by extending protections to IntentSender. Developers must migrate away from the legacy MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOWED constant. Instead, you should adopt granular controls like MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOW_IF_VISIBLE, which restricts activity starts to scenarios where the calling app is visible, significantly reducing the attack surface.
Adoption tools: Developers should utilize strict mode and updated lint checks to identify legacy patterns and ensure readiness for future target SDK requirements.

Habilita la CT de forma predeterminada

If an app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, certificate transparency (CT) is enabled by default. (On Android 16, CT is available but apps had to opt in.)

Safer Native DCL—C

If your app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, the Safer Dynamic Code Loading (DCL) protection introduced in Android 14 for DEX and JAR files now extends to native libraries.

All native files loaded using System.load() must be marked as read-only. Otherwise, the system throws UnsatisfiedLinkError.

We recommend that apps avoid dynamically loading code whenever possible, as doing so greatly increases the risk that an app can be compromised by code injection or code tampering.

Restringe los campos de PII en la vista de datos de CP2

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level Android 17 (API level 37)) and higher, Contacts Provider 2 (CP2) restricts certain columns containing Personally Identifiable Information (PII) from the data view. When this change is enabled, these columns are removed from the data view to enhance user privacy. The restricted columns include:

Apps that are using these columns from ContactsContract.Data can extract them from ContactsContract.RawContacts instead, by joining with RAW_CONTACT_ID.

Aplicar verificaciones estrictas de SQL en CP2

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level Android 17 (API level 37)) and higher, Contacts Provider 2 (CP2) enforces strict SQL query validation when the ContactsContract.Data table is accessed without READ_CONTACTS permission.

With this change, if an app doesn't have READ_CONTACTS permission, StrictColumns and StrictGrammar options are set when querying the ContactsContract.Data table. If a query uses a pattern that isn't compatible with these, it will be rejected and cause an exception to be thrown.

Medios

Android 17 incluye los siguientes cambios en el comportamiento de los medios.

Endurecimiento del audio en segundo plano

A partir de Android 17, el framework de audio aplica restricciones en las interacciones de audio en segundo plano, como la reproducción de audio, las solicitudes de enfoque de audio y las APIs de cambio de volumen, para garantizar que el usuario inicie estos cambios de forma intencional.

Se aplican algunas restricciones de audio a todas las apps. Sin embargo, las restricciones son más estrictas si una app se segmenta para Android 17 (nivel de API 37). Si una de estas apps interactúa con el audio mientras está en segundo plano, debe tener un servicio en primer plano en ejecución. Además, la app debe cumplir con uno o ambos de los siguientes requisitos:

El servicio en primer plano debe tener capacidades de permiso durante el uso (WIU).
La app debe tener el permiso de alarma exacta y estar interactuando con transmisiones de audio de USAGE_ALARM.

Para obtener más información, incluidas las estrategias de mitigación, consulta Protección de audio en segundo plano.

Factores de forma del dispositivo

Android 17 incluye los siguientes cambios para mejorar la experiencia del usuario en una variedad de tamaños y factores de forma de dispositivos.

Cambios en la API de la plataforma para ignorar las restricciones de orientación, cambio de tamaño y relación de aspecto en pantallas grandes (sw>=600 dp)

We introduced Platform API changes in Android 16 to ignore orientation, aspect ratio, and resizability restrictions on large screens (sw >= 600dp) for apps targeting API level 36 or higher. Developers have the option to opt out of these changes with SDK 36, but this opt-out will no longer be available for apps that target Android 17 (API level 37) or higher.

For more information, see Restrictions on orientation and resizability are ignored.

Conectividad

Android 17 introduce el siguiente cambio para mejorar la coherencia y alinearse con el comportamiento estándar de InputStream de Java para los sockets RFCOMM de Bluetooth.

Comportamiento coherente de read() de BluetoothSocket para RFCOMM

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37), the read() method of the InputStream obtained from an RFCOMM-based BluetoothSocket now returns -1 when the socket is closed or the connection is dropped.

This change makes RFCOMM socket behavior consistent with LE CoC sockets and aligns with the standard InputStream.read() documentation, which states that -1 is returned when the end of the stream is reached.

Apps that rely solely on catching an IOException to break out of a read loop may be impacted by this change and should update the BluetoothSocket read loops to explicitly check for a return value of -1. This ensures the loop terminates correctly when the remote device disconnects or the socket is closed. For an example of the recommended implementation, see the code snippet in the Transfer Bluetooth data guide.