功能與 API

Android 16 為開發人員推出了強大的新功能和 API。以下各節會簡要說明這些功能，協助您開始使用相關 API。

此外，也請查看平台變更可能對應用程式造成的影響。詳情請參閱下列頁面：

• 指定 Android 16 為目標版本時，影響應用程式的行為變更
• 影響所有應用程式的行為變更，無論 targetSdkVersion 為何。

核心功能

Android 包含可擴充 Android 系統核心功能的新 API。

2025 年將發布兩項 Android API

• This preview is for the next major release of Android with a planned launch in Q2 of 2025. This release is similar to all of our API releases in the past, where we can have planned behavior changes that are often tied to a targetSdkVersion.
• We're planning the major release a quarter earlier (Q2 rather than Q3 in prior years) to better align with the schedule of device launches across our ecosystem, so more devices can get the major release of Android sooner. With the major release coming in Q2, you'll need to do your annual compatibility testing a few months earlier than in previous years to make sure your apps are ready.
• We plan to have another release in Q4 of 2025 which also will include new developer APIs. The Q2 major release will be the only release in 2025 to include planned behavior changes that could affect apps.

In addition to new developer APIs, the Q4 minor release will pick up feature updates, optimizations, and bug fixes; it will not include any app-impacting behavior changes.

We'll continue to have quarterly Android releases. The Q1 and Q3 updates in-between the API releases will provide incremental updates to help ensure continuous quality. We're actively working with our device partners to bring the Q2 release to as many devices as possible.

Using new APIs with major and minor releases

Guarding a code block with a check for API level is done today using the SDK_INT constant with VERSION_CODES. This will continue to be supported for major Android releases.

if (SDK_INT >= VERSION_CODES.BAKLAVA) {
  // Use APIs introduced in Android 16
}

The new SDK_INT_FULL constant can be used for API checks against both major and minor versions with the new VERSION_CODES_FULL enumeration.

if (SDK_INT_FULL >= VERSION_CODES_FULL.[MAJOR or MINOR RELEASE]) {
  // Use APIs introduced in a major or minor release
}

You can also use the Build.getMinorSdkVersion() method to get just the minor SDK version.

val minorSdkVersion = Build.getMinorSdkVersion(VERSION_CODES_FULL.BAKLAVA)

These APIs have not yet been finalized and are subject to change, so please send us feedback if you have any concerns.

使用者體驗和系統 UI

Android 16 可讓應用程式開發人員和使用者進一步控管及彈性設定裝置，以符合自身需求。

以進度為主的通知

Android 16 推出以進度為主的通知，協助使用者順暢追蹤使用者啟動的端對端歷程。

Notification.ProgressStyle 是一種新的通知樣式，可讓您建立以進度為主的通知。主要用途包括共乘、外送和導航。在 Notification.ProgressStyle 類別中，您可以使用點和區隔，表示使用者歷程中的狀態和里程碑。

To learn more, see the Progress-centric notifications documentation page.

在螢幕鎖定畫面上顯示以進度為主的通知。

通知欄中顯示以進度為主的通知。

預測返回更新

Android 16 adds new APIs to help you enable predictive back system animations in gesture navigation such as the back-to-home animation. Registering the onBackInvokedCallback with the new PRIORITY_SYSTEM_NAVIGATION_OBSERVER allows your app to receive the regular onBackInvoked call whenever the system handles a back navigation without impacting the normal back navigation flow.

Android 16 additionally adds the finishAndRemoveTaskCallback() and moveTaskToBackCallback. By registering these callbacks with the OnBackInvokedDispatcher, the system can trigger specific behaviors and play corresponding ahead-of-time animations when the back gesture is invoked.

更豐富的觸覺回饋

Android has exposed control over the haptic actuator ever since its inception.

Android 11 added support for more complex haptic effects that more advanced actuators could support through VibrationEffect.Compositions of device-defined semantic primitives.

Android 16 adds haptic APIs that let apps define the amplitude and frequency curves of a haptic effect while abstracting away differences between device capabilities.

開發人員工作效率和工具

我們致力於改善您的工作效率，因此大部分工作都圍繞在 Android Studio、Jetpack Compose 和 Android Jetpack 程式庫等工具。此外，我們也持續尋找平台上的各種方法，協助您實現願景。

動態桌布的內容處理方式

In Android 16, the live wallpaper framework is gaining a new content API to address the challenges of dynamic, user-driven wallpapers. Currently, live wallpapers incorporating user-provided content require complex, service-specific implementations. Android 16 introduces WallpaperDescription and WallpaperInstance. WallpaperDescription lets you identify distinct instances of a live wallpaper from the same service. For example, a wallpaper that has instances on both the home screen and on the lock screen may have unique content in both places. The wallpaper picker and WallpaperManager use this metadata to better present wallpapers to users, streamlining the process for you to create diverse and personalized live wallpaper experiences.

效能和電池

Android 16 推出多項 API，可協助您收集應用程式的深入分析資訊。

系統觸發的剖析

ProfilingManager was added in Android 15, giving apps the ability to request profiling data collection using Perfetto on public devices in the field. However, since this profiling must be started from the app, critical flows such as startups or ANRs would be difficult or impossible for apps to capture.

To help with this, Android 16 introduces system-triggered profiling to ProfilingManager. Apps can register interest in receiving traces for certain triggers such as cold start reportFullyDrawn or ANRs, and then the system starts and stops a trace on the app's behalf. After the trace completes, the results are delivered to the app's data directory.

ApplicationStartInfo 中的啟動元件

ApplicationStartInfo was added in Android 15, allowing an app to see reasons for process start, start type, start times, throttling, and other useful diagnostic data. Android 16 adds getStartComponent() to distinguish what component type triggered the start, which can be helpful for optimizing the startup flow of your app.

更深入瞭解工作

JobScheduler#getPendingJobReason() API 會傳回工作可能處於待處理狀態的原因。不過，工作可能會因多種原因而處於待處理狀態。

在 Android 16 中，我們推出了全新的 API JobScheduler#getPendingJobReasons(int jobId)，可傳回工作處於待處理狀態的多種原因，包括開發人員設定的明確限制，以及系統設定的隱含限制。

我們也推出 JobScheduler#getPendingJobReasonsHistory(int jobId)，可傳回最新約束條件變更的清單。

建議您使用 API 來偵測工作未執行的原因，特別是當您發現特定工作成功率降低，或特定工作完成時間延遲時，就需要進行偵錯。例如，在背景更新小工具時發生錯誤，或是在應用程式啟動前無法呼叫預先擷取工作。

這也能協助您進一步瞭解，某些工作是否因系統定義的限制而無法完成，而非明確設定的限制。

自動調整刷新率

Adaptive refresh rate (ARR), introduced in Android 15, enables the display refresh rate on supported hardware to adapt to the content frame rate using discrete VSync steps. This reduces power consumption while eliminating the need for potentially jank-inducing mode-switching.

Android 16 introduces hasArrSupport() and getSuggestedFrameRate(int) while restoring getSupportedRefreshRates() to make it easier for your apps to take advantage of ARR. RecyclerView 1.4 internally supports ARR when it is settling from a fling or smooth scroll, and we're continuing our work to add ARR support into more Jetpack libraries. This frame rate article covers many of the APIs you can use to set the frame rate so that your app can directly use ARR.

ADPF 中的 Headroom API

The SystemHealthManager introduces the getCpuHeadroom and getGpuHeadroom APIs, designed to provide games and resource-intensive apps with estimates of available CPU and GPU resources. These methods offer a way for you to gauge how your app or game can best improve system health, particularly when used in conjunction with other Android Dynamic Performance Framework (ADPF) APIs that detect thermal throttling.

By using CpuHeadroomParams and GpuHeadroomParams on supported devices, you can customize the time window used to compute the headroom and select between average or minimum resource availability. This can help you reduce your CPU or GPU resource usage accordingly, leading to better user experiences and improved battery life.

無障礙設定

Android 16 新增了無障礙 API 和功能，可協助您為所有使用者提供應用程式。

改良的無障礙 API

Android 16 adds additional APIs to enhance UI semantics that help improve consistency for users that rely on accessibility services, such as TalkBack.

Outline text for maximum text contrast

Users with low vision often have reduced contrast sensitivity, making it challenging to distinguish objects from their backgrounds. To help these users, Android 16 introduces outline text, replacing high contrast text, which draws a larger contrasting area around text to greatly improve legibility.

Android 16 contains new AccessibilityManager APIs to let your apps check or register a listener to see if this mode is enabled. This is primarily for UI Toolkits like Compose to offer a similar visual experience. If you maintain a UI Toolkit library or your app performs custom text rendering that bypasses the android.text.Layout class then you can use this to know when outline text is enabled.

Duration added to TtsSpan

Android 16 extends TtsSpan with a TYPE_DURATION, consisting of ARG_HOURS, ARG_MINUTES, and ARG_SECONDS. This lets you directly annotate time duration, ensuring accurate and consistent text-to-speech output with services like TalkBack.

Support elements with multiple labels

Android currently allows UI elements to derive their accessibility label from another, and now offers the ability for multiple labels to be associated, a common scenario in web content. By introducing a list-based API within AccessibilityNodeInfo, Android can directly support these multi-label relationships. As part of this change, we've deprecated AccessibilityNodeInfo#setLabeledBy and #getLabeledBy in favor of #addLabeledBy, #removeLabeledBy, and #getLabeledByList.

Improved support for expandable elements

Android 16 adds accessibility APIs that allow you to convey the expanded or collapsed state of interactive elements, such as menus and expandable lists. By setting the expanded state using setExpandedState and dispatching TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED AccessibilityEvents with a CONTENT_CHANGE_TYPE_EXPANDED content change type, you can ensure that screen readers like TalkBack announce state changes, providing a more intuitive and inclusive user experience.

Indeterminate ProgressBars

Android 16 adds RANGE_TYPE_INDETERMINATE, giving a way for you to expose RangeInfo for both determinate and indeterminate ProgressBar widgets, allowing services like TalkBack to more consistently provide feedback for progress indicators.

Tri-state CheckBox

The new AccessibilityNodeInfo getChecked and setChecked(int) methods in Android 16 now support a "partially checked" state in addition to "checked" and "unchecked." This replaces the deprecated boolean isChecked and setChecked(boolean).

Supplemental descriptions

When an accessibility service describes a ViewGroup, it combines content labels from its child views. If you provide a contentDescription for the ViewGroup, accessibility services assume you are also overriding the description of non-focusable child views. This can be problematic if you want to label things like a drop-down (for example, "Font Family") while preserving the current selection for accessibility (for example, "Roboto"). Android 16 adds setSupplementalDescription so you can provide text that provides information about a ViewGroup without overriding information from its children.

Required form fields

Android 16 adds setFieldRequired to AccessibilityNodeInfo so apps can tell an accessibility service that input to a form field is required. This is an important scenario for users filling out many types of forms, even things as simple as a required terms and conditions checkbox, helping users to consistently identify and quickly navigate between required fields.

使用 LE Audio 助聽器時，將手機設為語音通話的麥克風輸入裝置

Android 16 adds the capability for users of LE Audio hearing aids to switch between the built-in microphones on the hearing aids and the microphone on their phone for voice calls. This can be helpful in noisy environments or other situations where the hearing aid's microphones might not perform well.

控制 LEA 助聽器的環境音量

Android 16 adds the capability for users of LE Audio hearing aids to adjust the volume of ambient sound that is picked up by the hearing aid's microphones. This can be helpful in situations where background noise is too loud or too quiet.

相機

Android 16 強化了對專業相機使用者的支援，可進行混合式自動曝光，並精確調整色溫和色調。新的夜間模式指標可協助應用程式瞭解何時該切換至夜間模式攝影機工作階段，以及何時該切換回來。新的 Intent 動作可讓您更輕鬆地拍攝動態相片，此外，我們也持續改良 Ultra HDR 相片，支援 HEIC 編碼和 ISO 21496-1 草案標準的新參數。

混合式自動曝光

Android 16 adds new hybrid auto-exposure modes to Camera2, allowing you to manually control specific aspects of exposure while letting the auto-exposure (AE) algorithm handle the rest. You can control ISO + AE, and exposure time + AE, providing greater flexibility compared to the current approach where you either have full manual control or rely entirely on auto-exposure.

fun setISOPriority() {
    // ... (Your existing code before the snippet) ...

    val availablePriorityModes = mStaticInfo.characteristics.get(
        CameraCharacteristics.CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_PRIORITY_MODES
    )

    // ... (Your existing code between the snippets) ...

    // Turn on AE mode to set priority mode
    reqBuilder.set(
        CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_MODE,
        CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON
    )
    reqBuilder.set(
        CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_PRIORITY_MODE,
        CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AE_PRIORITY_MODE_SENSOR_SENSITIVITY_PRIORITY
    )
    reqBuilder.set(
        CaptureRequest.SENSOR_SENSITIVITY,
        TEST_SENSITIVITY_VALUE
    )
    val request: CaptureRequest = reqBuilder.build()

    // ... (Your existing code after the snippet) ...
}

精確調整色溫和色調

Android 16 adds camera support for fine color temperature and tint adjustments to better support professional video recording applications. In previous Android versions, you could control white balance settings through CONTROL_AWB_MODE, which contains options limited to a preset list, such as Incandescent, Cloudy, and Twilight. The COLOR_CORRECTION_MODE_CCT enables the use of COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TEMPERATURE and COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TINT for precise adjustments of white balance based on the correlated color temperature.

fun setCCT() {
    // ... (Your existing code before this point) ...

    val colorTemperatureRange: Range<Int> =
        mStaticInfo.characteristics[CameraCharacteristics.COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TEMPERATURE_RANGE]

    // Set to manual mode to enable CCT mode
    reqBuilder[CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AWB_MODE] = CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AWB_MODE_OFF
    reqBuilder[CaptureRequest.COLOR_CORRECTION_MODE] = CameraMetadata.COLOR_CORRECTION_MODE_CCT
    reqBuilder[CaptureRequest.COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TEMPERATURE] = 5000
    reqBuilder[CaptureRequest.COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TINT] = 30

    val request: CaptureRequest = reqBuilder.build()

    // ... (Your existing code after this point) ...
}

The following examples show how a photo would look after applying different color temperature and tint adjustments:

相機夜間模式場景偵測

To help your app know when to switch to and from a night mode camera session, Android 16 adds EXTENSION_NIGHT_MODE_INDICATOR. If supported, it's available in the CaptureResult within Camera2.

This is the API we briefly mentioned as coming soon in the How Instagram enabled users to take stunning low light photos blog post. That post is a practical guide on how to implement night mode together with a case study that links higher-quality in-app night mode photos with an increase in the number of photos shared from the in-app camera.

動態相片拍攝意圖動作

Android 16 adds standard Intent actions — ACTION_MOTION_PHOTO_CAPTURE, and ACTION_MOTION_PHOTO_CAPTURE_SECURE — which request that the camera application capture a motion photo and return it.

You must either pass an extra EXTRA_OUTPUT to control where the image will be written, or a Uri through Intent.setClipData(ClipData). If you don't set a ClipData, it will be copied there for you when calling Context.startActivity(Intent).

UltraHDR 圖片強化功能

Android 16 持續致力於透過 UltraHDR 圖片提供令人驚豔的圖像品質。新增對 HEIC 檔案格式中的 UltraHDR 圖片支援。這些圖片會取得 ImageFormat 類型的 HEIC_ULTRAHDR，並包含類似現有 UltraHDR JPEG 格式的內嵌增益圖。我們也正在努力讓 AVIF 支援 UltraHDR，敬請期待。

此外，Android 16 會根據 ISO 21496-1 草稿標準，在 UltraHDR 中實作其他參數，包括取得及設定應套用的增益圖數值空間，以及支援 HDR 編碼的基礎圖片，並使用 SDR 增益圖。

圖形

Android 16 包含最新的圖像改善功能，例如使用 AGSL 自訂圖像效果。

使用 AGSL 製作自訂圖像效果

Android 16 adds RuntimeColorFilter and RuntimeXfermode, allowing you to author complex effects like Threshold, Sepia, and Hue Saturation and apply them to draw calls. Since Android 13, you've been able to use AGSL to create custom RuntimeShaders that extend Shader. The new API mirrors this, adding an AGSL-powered RuntimeColorFilter that extends ColorFilter, and a Xfermode effect that lets you implement AGSL-based custom compositing and blending between source and destination pixels.

private val thresholdEffectString = """
    uniform half threshold;

    half4 main(half4 c) {
        half luminosity = dot(c.rgb, half3(0.2126, 0.7152, 0.0722));
        half bw = step(threshold, luminosity);
        return bw.xxx1 * c.a;
    }"""

fun setCustomColorFilter(paint: Paint) {
   val filter = RuntimeColorFilter(thresholdEffectString)
   filter.setFloatUniform(0.5);
   paint.colorFilter = filter
}

連線能力

Android 16 更新了平台，讓應用程式能使用通訊和無線技術的最新進展。

安全再升級的測距功能

Android 16 adds support for robust security features in Wi-Fi location on supported devices with Wi-Fi 6's 802.11az, allowing apps to combine the higher accuracy, greater scalability, and dynamic scheduling of the protocol with security enhancements including AES-256-based encryption and protection against MITM attacks. This allows it to be used more safely in proximity use cases, such as unlocking a laptop or a vehicle door. 802.11az is integrated with the Wi-Fi 6 standard, leveraging its infrastructure and capabilities for wider adoption and easier deployment.

一般測距 API

Android 16 includes the new RangingManager, which provides ways to determine the distance and angle on supported hardware between the local device and a remote device. RangingManager supports the usage of a variety of ranging technologies such as BLE channel sounding, BLE RSSI-based ranging, Ultra Wideband, and Wi-Fi round trip time.

隨附裝置管理工具裝置狀態

在 Android 16 中，我們推出了新的 API，用於繫結隨附應用程式服務。當 BLE 在範圍內且已連上藍牙時，服務就會繫結；當 BLE 超出範圍或藍牙已中斷連線時，服務就會解除繫結。應用程式會根據各種 DevicePresenceEvent 接收新的 'onDevicePresenceEvent()' 回呼。如需更多詳細資訊，請參閱「startObservingDevicePresence(ObservingDevicePresenceRequest)」一文。

媒體

Android 16 包含多項功能，可提升媒體體驗。

相片挑選工具改良功能

The photo picker provides a safe, built-in way for users to grant your app access to selected images and videos from both local and cloud storage, instead of their entire media library. Using a combination of Modular System Components through Google System Updates and Google Play services, it's supported back to Android 4.4 (API level 19). Integration requires just a few lines of code with the associated Android Jetpack library.

Android 16 includes the following improvements to the photo picker:

• Embedded photo picker: New APIs that enable apps to embed the photo picker into their view hierarchy. This allows it to feel like a more integrated part of the app while still leveraging the process isolation that allows users to select media without the app needing overly broad permissions. To maximize compatibility across platform versions and simplify your integration, you'll want to use the forthcoming Android Jetpack library if you want to integrate the embedded photo picker.
• Cloud search in photo picker: New APIs that enable searching from the cloud media provider for the Android photo picker. Search functionality in the photo picker is coming soon.

進階專業影片

Android 16 推出了對進階專業影片 (APV) 轉碼器的支援，該轉碼器專為專業級高品質影片錄製和後製作業而設計。

APV 編碼器標準具有下列功能：

• 感知上無損的影片品質 (接近原始影片品質)
• 低複雜度和高吞吐量的單一影格編碼 (不含像素網域預測)，以便更妥善支援編輯工作流程
• 支援高位元速率範圍 (最高可達數 Gbps)，適用於 2K、4K 和 8K 解析度的內容，可透過輕量化熵值編碼方案啟用
• 為沉浸式內容和啟用平行編碼/解碼作業的框架平鋪作業
• 支援各種色度取樣格式和位元深度
• 支援多重解碼和重新編碼，且不會嚴重降低視覺品質
• 支援多視角影片和輔助影片，例如深度、alpha 和預覽
• 支援 HDR10/10+ 和使用者定義的中繼資料

OpenAPV 專案提供 APV 的參考實作項目。Android 16 將實作支援 APV 422-10 設定檔，提供 YUV 422 色彩取樣功能，以及 10 位元編碼和最高 2 Gbps 的目標位元率。

隱私權

Android 16 包含多項功能，可協助應用程式開發人員保護使用者隱私權。

健康資料同步更新

Health Connect adds ACTIVITY_INTENSITY, a data type defined according to World Health Organization guidelines around moderate and vigorous activity. Each record requires the start time, the end time, and whether the activity intensity is moderate or vigorous.

Health Connect also contains updated APIs supporting medical records. This allows apps to read and write medical records in FHIR format with explicit user consent.

Android 版 Privacy Sandbox

Android 16 incorporates the latest version of the Privacy Sandbox on Android, part of our ongoing work to develop technologies where users know their privacy is protected. Our website has more about the Privacy Sandbox on Android developer beta program to help you get started. Check out the SDK Runtime which allows SDKs to run in a dedicated runtime environment separate from the app they are serving, providing stronger safeguards around user data collection and sharing.

安全性

Android 16 包含多項功能，可協助您提升應用程式的安全性及保護應用程式資料。

金鑰共用 API

Android 16 adds APIs that support sharing access to Android Keystore keys with other apps. The new KeyStoreManager class supports granting and revoking access to keys by app uid, and includes an API for apps to access shared keys.

裝置板型規格

Android 16 可讓應用程式充分運用 Android 的板型規格。

電視的標準化影像和音訊品質架構

The new MediaQuality package in Android 16 exposes a set of standardized APIs for access to audio and picture profiles and hardware-related settings. This allows streaming apps to query profiles and apply them to media dynamically:

• Movies mastered with a wider dynamic range require greater color accuracy to see subtle details in shadows and adjust to ambient light, so a profile that prefers color accuracy over brightness may be appropriate.
• Live sporting events are often mastered with a narrow dynamic range, but are often watched in daylight, so a profile that preferences brightness over color accuracy can give better results.
• Fully interactive content wants minimal processing to reduce latency, and wants higher frame rates, which is why many TV's ship with a game profile.

The API allows apps to switch between profiles and users to enjoy tuning supported TVs to best suit their content.

國際化

Android 16 新增多項功能，在裝置使用不同語言時，可提升使用者體驗。

直書文字

Android 16 adds low-level support for rendering and measuring text vertically to provide foundational vertical writing support for library developers. This is particularly useful for languages like Japanese that commonly use vertical writing systems. A new flag, VERTICAL_TEXT_FLAG, has been added to the Paint class. When this flag is set using Paint.setFlags, Paint's text measurement APIs will report vertical advances instead of horizontal advances, and Canvas will draw text vertically.

val text = "「春は、曙。」"
Box(
    Modifier.padding(innerPadding).background(Color.White).fillMaxSize().drawWithContent {
        drawIntoCanvas { canvas ->
            val paint = Paint().apply { textSize = 64.sp.toPx() }
            // Draw text vertically
            paint.flags = paint.flags or VERTICAL_TEXT_FLAG
            val height = paint.measureText(text)
            canvas.nativeCanvas.drawText(
                text,
                0,
                text.length,
                size.width / 2,
                (size.height - height) / 2,
                paint
            )
        }
    }
) {}

自訂計量系統

Users can now customize their measurement system in regional preferences within Settings. The user preference is included as part of the locale code, so you can register a BroadcastReceiver on ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED to handle locale configuration changes when regional preferences change.

Using formatters can help match the local experience. For example, "0.5 in" in English (United States), is "12,7 mm" for a user who has set their phone to English (Denmark) or who uses their phone in English (United States) with the metric system as the measurement system preference.

To find these settings, open the Settings app and navigate to System > Languages & region.