Davranış değişiklikleri: tüm uygulamalar

Android 14 platformu, uygulamanızı etkileyebilecek davranış değişiklikleri içerir. Aşağıdaki davranış değişiklikleri, tüm uygulamalar Android 14'te çalışırken targetSdkVersion'ten bağımsız olarak geçerlidir. Uygulamanızı test etmeli ve uygun olduğu durumlarda bunları düzgün şekilde desteklemek için gerektiği gibi değiştirmelisiniz.

Yalnızca Android 14'ü hedefleyen uygulamaları etkileyen davranış değişiklikleri listesini de incelemeyi unutmayın.

Temel işlevler

Tam zamanlı alarm planlama isteği varsayılan olarak reddedilir

Tam alarmlar, kullanıcı tarafından istenen bildirimler veya tam olarak belirli bir zamanda yapılması gereken işlemler için kullanılır. Android 14'ten itibaren SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM izni, Android 13 ve sonraki sürümleri hedefleyen yeni yüklenen uygulamaların çoğuna artık önceden verilmemektedir. Bu izin varsayılan olarak reddedilir.

Tam alarm planlama izninde yapılan değişiklikler hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinin.

Bağlam kaydı yapılmış yayınlar, uygulamalar önbelleğe alınırken sıraya alınır.

On Android 14, the system can place context-registered broadcasts in a queue while the app is in the cached state. This is similar to the queuing behavior that Android 12 (API level 31) introduced for async binder transactions. Manifest-declared broadcasts aren't queued, and apps are removed from the cached state for broadcast delivery.

When the app leaves the cached state, such as returning to the foreground, the system delivers any queued broadcasts. Multiple instances of certain broadcasts might be merged into one broadcast. Depending on other factors, such as system health, apps might be removed from the cached state, and any previously queued broadcasts are delivered.

Uygulamalar yalnızca kendi arka plan işlemlerini sonlandırabilir

Starting in Android 14, when your app calls killBackgroundProcesses(), the API can kill only the background processes of your own app.

If you pass in the package name of another app, this method has no effect on that app's background processes, and the following message appears in Logcat:

Invalid packageName: com.example.anotherapp

Your app shouldn't use the killBackgroundProcesses() API or otherwise attempt to influence the process lifecycle of other apps, even on older OS versions. Android is designed to keep cached apps in the background and kill them automatically when the system needs memory. If your app kills other apps unnecessarily, it can reduce system performance and increase battery consumption by requiring full restarts of those apps later, which takes significantly more resources than resuming an existing cached app.

MTU, MTU isteyen ilk GATT istemcisi için 517 olarak ayarlanır.

Starting from Android 14, the Android Bluetooth stack more strictly adheres to Version 5.2 of the Bluetooth Core Specification and requests the BLE ATT MTU to 517 bytes when the first GATT client requests an MTU using the BluetoothGatt#requestMtu(int) API, and disregards all subsequent MTU requests on that ACL connection.

To address this change and make your app more robust, consider the following options:

  • Your peripheral device should respond to the Android device's MTU request with a reasonable value that can be accommodated by the peripheral. The final negotiated value will be a minimum of the Android requested value and the remote provided value (for example, min(517, remoteMtu))
    • Implementing this fix could require a firmware update for peripheral
  • Alternatively, limit your GATT characteristic writes based on the minimum between the known supported value of your peripheral and the received MTU change
    • A reminder that you should reduce 5 bytes from the supported size for the headers
    • For example: arrayMaxLength = min(SUPPORTED_MTU, GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN(517)) - 5

Bir uygulamanın kısıtlanmış bekleme grubuna yerleştirilebileceği yeni neden

Android 14 introduces a new reason an app can be placed into the restricted standby bucket. The app's jobs trigger ANR errors multiple times due to onStartJob, onStopJob, or onBind method timeouts. (See JobScheduler reinforces callback and network behavior for changes to onStartJob and onStopJob.)

To track whether or not the app has entered the restricted standby bucket, we recommend logging with the API UsageStatsManager.getAppStandbyBucket() on job execution or UsageStatsManager.queryEventsForSelf() on app startup.

mlock 64 KB ile sınırlıdır.

In Android 14 (API level 34) and higher, the platform reduces the maximum memory that can be locked using mlock() to 64 KB per process. In previous versions, the limit was 64 MB per process. This restriction promotes better memory management across apps and the system. To provide more consistency across devices, Android 14 adds a new CTS test for the new mlock() limit on compatible devices.

Sistem, önbelleğe alınmış uygulama kaynak kullanımını zorunlu kılar

Tasarıyla, bir uygulamanın işlemi arka plana taşındığında ve başka hiçbir uygulama işlemi bileşeni çalışmadığında önbelleğe alınmış durumdadır. Bu tür bir uygulama işlemi, sistem belleği baskısı nedeniyle sonlandırılabilir. onStop() yöntemi çağrıldıktan ve döndürüldükten sonra Activity örnekleri tarafından bu durumdayken gerçekleştirilen tüm işlemler güvenilir değildir ve kesinlikle önerilmez.

Android 14, bu tasarıma tutarlılık ve yaptırım getiriyor. Bir uygulama işlemi önbelleğe alınmış duruma girdikten kısa süre sonra, bir işlem bileşeni yaşam döngüsünün etkin durumuna yeniden girene kadar arka plan çalışmasına izin verilmez.

services, JobScheduler ve Jetpack WorkManager gibi çerçeve tarafından desteklenen tipik yaşam döngüsü API'lerini kullanan uygulamalar bu değişikliklerden etkilenmeyecektir.

Kullanıcı deneyimi

Kullanıcıların kapatılamayan bildirimlerle ilgili deneyiminde yapılan değişiklikler

If your app shows non-dismissable foreground notifications to users, Android 14 has changed the behavior to allow users to dismiss such notifications.

This change applies to apps that prevent users from dismissing foreground notifications by setting Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT through Notification.Builder#setOngoing(true) or NotificationCompat.Builder#setOngoing(true). The behavior of FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT has changed to make such notifications actually dismissable by the user.

These kinds of notifications are still non-dismissable in the following conditions:

  • When the phone is locked
  • If the user selects a Clear all notification action (which helps with accidental dismissals)

Also, this new behavior doesn't apply to notifications in the following use cases:

  • CallStyle notifications
  • Device policy controller (DPC) and supporting packages for enterprise
  • Media notifications
  • The default Search Selector package

Veri güvenliği bilgileri daha görünür

To enhance user privacy, Android 14 increases the number of places where the system shows the information you have declared in the Play Console form. Currently, users can view this information in the Data safety section on your app's listing in Google Play.

We encourage you to review your app's location data sharing policies and take a moment to make any applicable updates to your app's Google Play Data safety section.

Learn more in the guide about how data safety information is more visible on Android 14.

Erişilebilirlik

%200'e kadar doğrusal olmayan yazı tipi ölçeklendirme

Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing users with additional accessibility options.

If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then this change probably won't have a high impact on your app. However, you should perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.

Güvenlik

Minimum yüklenebilir hedef API düzeyi

Starting with Android 14, apps with a targetSdkVersion lower than 23 can't be installed. Requiring apps to meet these minimum target API level requirements improves security and privacy for users.

Malware often targets older API levels in order to bypass security and privacy protections that have been introduced in newer Android versions. For example, some malware apps use a targetSdkVersion of 22 to avoid being subjected to the runtime permission model introduced in 2015 by Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API level 23). This Android 14 change makes it harder for malware to avoid security and privacy improvements. Attempting to install an app targeting a lower API level will result in an installation failure, with the following message appearing in Logcat:

INSTALL_FAILED_DEPRECATED_SDK_VERSION: App package must target at least SDK version 23, but found 7

On devices upgrading to Android 14, any apps with a targetSdkVersion lower than 23 will remain installed.

If you need to test an app targeting an older API level, use the following ADB command:

adb install --bypass-low-target-sdk-block FILENAME.apk

Medya sahibinin paket adları çıkarılabilir

The media store supports queries for the OWNER_PACKAGE_NAME column, which indicates the app that stored a particular media file. Starting in Android 14, this value is redacted unless at least one of the following conditions is true:

  • The app that stored the media file has a package name that is always visible to other apps.

  • The app that queries the media store requests the QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES permission.

Learn more about how Android filters package visibility for privacy purposes.