پلتفرم اندروید ۱۴ شامل تغییرات رفتاری است که ممکن است بر برنامه شما تأثیر بگذارد. تغییرات رفتاری زیر برای همه برنامهها هنگام اجرا در اندروید ۱۴، صرف نظر از targetSdkVersion ، اعمال میشود. شما باید برنامه خود را آزمایش کنید و سپس در صورت لزوم، آن را برای پشتیبانی صحیح از این موارد، در صورت لزوم، اصلاح کنید.
حتماً لیست تغییرات رفتاری که فقط بر برنامههای اندروید ۱۴ تأثیر میگذارند را نیز بررسی کنید.
عملکرد اصلی
آلارمهای دقیق زمانبندی شده به طور پیشفرض رد میشوند
Exact alarms are meant for user-intentioned notifications, or for actions that
need to happen at a precise time. Starting in Android 14, the
SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM
permission is no longer being pre-granted to most newly installed apps
targeting Android 13 and higher—the permission is denied by default.
Learn more about the changes to the permission for scheduling exact alarms.
پخشهای ثبتشده در متن در صف قرار میگیرند در حالی که برنامهها در حافظه پنهان (cache) ذخیره میشوند.
On Android 14, the system can place context-registered broadcasts in a queue while the app is in the cached state. This is similar to the queuing behavior that Android 12 (API level 31) introduced for async binder transactions. Manifest-declared broadcasts aren't queued, and apps are removed from the cached state for broadcast delivery.
When the app leaves the cached state, such as returning to the foreground, the system delivers any queued broadcasts. Multiple instances of certain broadcasts might be merged into one broadcast. Depending on other factors, such as system health, apps might be removed from the cached state, and any previously queued broadcasts are delivered.
برنامهها میتوانند فقط فرآیندهای پسزمینه خود را متوقف کنند
Starting in Android 14, when your app calls killBackgroundProcesses(),
the API can kill only the background processes of your own app.
If you pass in the package name of another app, this method has no effect on that app's background processes, and the following message appears in Logcat:
Invalid packageName: com.example.anotherapp
Your app shouldn't use the killBackgroundProcesses() API or otherwise attempt
to influence the process lifecycle of other apps, even on older OS versions.
Android is designed to keep cached apps in the background and kill them
automatically when the system needs memory. If your app kills other apps
unnecessarily, it can reduce system performance and increase battery consumption
by requiring full restarts of those apps later, which takes significantly more
resources than resuming an existing cached app.
MTU برای اولین کلاینت GATT که درخواست MTU میدهد، روی ۵۱۷ تنظیم شده است.
Starting from Android 14, the Android Bluetooth stack more strictly adheres to
Version 5.2 of the Bluetooth Core Specification and requests
the BLE ATT MTU to 517 bytes when the first GATT client requests an MTU using
the BluetoothGatt#requestMtu(int) API, and disregards all subsequent MTU
requests on that ACL connection.
To address this change and make your app more robust, consider the following options:
- Your peripheral device should respond to the Android device's MTU request
with a reasonable value that can be accommodated by the peripheral. The
final negotiated value will be a minimum of the Android requested value and
the remote provided value (for example,
min(517, remoteMtu))- Implementing this fix could require a firmware update for peripheral
- Alternatively, limit your GATT characteristic writes based on the minimum
between the known supported value of your peripheral and the received MTU
change
- A reminder that you should reduce 5 bytes from the supported size for the headers
- For example:
arrayMaxLength = min(SUPPORTED_MTU, GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN(517)) - 5
دلیل جدیدی که میتوان یک برنامه را در سطل آماده به کار محدود قرار داد
Android 14 introduces a new reason an app can be placed into the restricted standby bucket.
The app's jobs trigger ANR errors multiple times due to onStartJob,
onStopJob, or onBind method timeouts.
(See JobScheduler reinforces callback and network behavior for changes
to onStartJob and onStopJob.)
To track whether or not the app has entered the restricted standby bucket,
we recommend logging with the API UsageStatsManager.getAppStandbyBucket()
on job execution or UsageStatsManager.queryEventsForSelf() on app startup.
mlock محدود به ۶۴ کیلوبایت
در اندروید 14 (سطح API 34) و بالاتر، پلتفرم حداکثر حافظه قابل قفل شدن با استفاده از mlock() را به 64 کیلوبایت در هر فرآیند کاهش می دهد. در نسخه های قبلی، محدودیت برای هر پردازش 64 مگابایت بود. این محدودیت مدیریت بهتر حافظه را در بین برنامه ها و سیستم ارتقا می دهد. برای ارائه سازگاری بیشتر در بین دستگاهها، Android 14 یک آزمایش CTS جدید برای محدودیت mlock() جدید در دستگاههای سازگار اضافه میکند.
سیستم، استفاده از منابع برنامه ذخیره شده در حافظه پنهان را اجباری میکند
By design, an app's process is in a cached state when it's moved to the
background and no other app process components are running. Such an app process
is subject to being killed due to system memory pressure. Any work that
Activity instances perform after the onStop() method has been called and
returned, while in this state, is unreliable and strongly discouraged.
Android 14 introduces consistency and enforcement to this design. Shortly after an app process enters a cached state, background work is disallowed, until a process component re-enters an active state of the lifecycle.
Apps that use typical framework-supported lifecycle APIs – such as
services, JobScheduler, and Jetpack WorkManager – shouldn't be
impacted by these changes.
تجربه کاربری
تغییرات در نحوهی نمایش اعلانهای غیرقابل رد شدن توسط کاربران
اگر برنامه شما اعلانهای پیشزمینه غیرقابل رد کردن را به کاربران نشان میدهد، Android 14 رفتار را تغییر داده است تا به کاربران اجازه دهد چنین اعلانهایی را رد کنند.
این تغییر برای برنامههایی اعمال میشود که با تنظیم Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT از طریق Notification.Builder#setOngoing(true) یا NotificationCompat.Builder#setOngoing(true) از رد اعلانهای پیشزمینه توسط کاربران جلوگیری میکنند. رفتار FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT تغییر کرده است تا این اعلانها در واقع توسط کاربر قابل رد شود.
این نوع اعلانها در شرایط زیر همچنان غیرقابل رد کردن هستند:
- وقتی گوشی قفل است
- اگر کاربر یک اقدام پاک کردن همه اعلان ها را انتخاب کند (که به اخراج های تصادفی کمک می کند)
همچنین، این رفتار جدید برای اعلانها در موارد استفاده زیر اعمال نمیشود:
- اعلانهای
CallStyle - کنترل کننده سیاست دستگاه (DPC) و بسته های پشتیبانی برای سازمانی
- اطلاعیه های رسانه ای
- بسته انتخابگر جستجوی پیش فرض
اطلاعات ایمنی دادهها بیشتر قابل مشاهده است
To enhance user privacy, Android 14 increases the number of places where the system shows the information you have declared in the Play Console form. Currently, users can view this information in the Data safety section on your app's listing in Google Play.
We encourage you to review your app's location data sharing policies and take a moment to make any applicable updates to your app's Google Play Data safety section.
Learn more in the guide about how data safety information is more visible on Android 14.
دسترسیپذیری
مقیاسبندی فونت غیرخطی تا ۲۰۰٪
Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing users with additional accessibility options.
If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then this change probably won't have a high impact on your app. However, you should perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.
امنیت
حداقل سطح API هدف قابل نصب
Starting with Android 14, apps with a
targetSdkVersion lower than 23
can't be installed. Requiring apps to meet these minimum target API level
requirements improves security and privacy for users.
Malware often targets older API levels in order to bypass security and privacy
protections that have been introduced in newer Android versions. For example,
some malware apps use a targetSdkVersion of 22 to avoid being subjected to the
runtime permission model introduced in 2015 by Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API
level 23). This Android 14 change makes it harder for malware to avoid security
and privacy improvements.
Attempting to install an app targeting a lower API level will result in an
installation failure, with the following message appearing in Logcat:
INSTALL_FAILED_DEPRECATED_SDK_VERSION: App package must target at least SDK version 23, but found 7
On devices upgrading to Android 14, any apps with a targetSdkVersion lower
than 23 will remain installed.
If you need to test an app targeting an older API level, use the following ADB command:
adb install --bypass-low-target-sdk-block FILENAME.apk
ممکن است نام بستههای مالک رسانه حذف شود
The media store supports queries for the OWNER_PACKAGE_NAME column, which
indicates the app that stored a particular media file. Starting in Android
14, this value is redacted unless at least one of the following conditions is
true:
- The app that stored the media file has a package name that is always visible to other apps.
The app that queries the media store requests the
QUERY_ALL_PACKAGESpermission.
Learn more about how Android filters package visibility for privacy purposes.