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共享 ViewModel 配方

此配方演示了如何使用自定义 NavEntryDecorator 在 Navigation 3 中的不同屏幕（条目）之间共享 ViewModel。

运作方式

此示例定义了三个屏幕：

ParentScreen：显示一个递增计数器的按钮，计数器状态保存在 CounterViewModel 中。
ChildScreen：一个子屏幕，可以更新 ParentScreen 的计数器状态以及自己的隔离状态。
StandaloneScreen：一个独立的屏幕，仅具有自己的隔离状态。

`SharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator`

此配方的核心是 SharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator。此装饰器管理导航条目的 ViewModelStore。它允许条目指定一个可选的“父”条目，该条目应共享其 ViewModelStore。

在 SharedViewModelActivity.kt 中，NavDisplay 配置了此装饰器：

entryDecorators = listOf(
    rememberSaveableStateHolderNavEntryDecorator(),
    rememberSharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator(),
)

如需启用共享，ChildScreen 条目使用元数据显式定义其父条目：

entry<ChildScreen>(
    metadata = SharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator.parent(
        ParentScreen.toContentKey()
    )
) {
    // ...
}

toContentKey() 扩展函数用于标准化父 NavEntry 的 contentKey 的指定方式，无论是在定义父条目时还是在子条目通过元数据引用父条目时。

当 ChildScreen 请求父 CounterViewModel 时：

val parentViewModel = viewModel<CounterViewModel>(
    viewModelStoreOwner = LocalSharedViewModelStoreOwner.current
)

装饰器可确保它接收到 ParentScreen 正在使用的同一实例 ，因为它使用的是 ParentScreen 的 ViewModelStore。

ChildScreen 仍然可以从默认的 LocalViewModelStoreOwner 请求自己的 CounterViewModel：

val standaloneViewModel = viewModel<CounterViewModel>()

相比之下，StandaloneScreen 不会定义父条目，因此它只会获得自己的全新 ViewModelStore 和 CounterViewModel 的新实例。

导入以下 get 运算符函数，以便使用 NavMetadataKey 从元数据读取

import androidx.navigation3.runtime.get

探索

在 GitHub 上查看完整配方。

/*
 * Copyright 2025 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.example.nav3recipes.sharedviewmodel

import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
import androidx.compose.runtime.CompositionLocalProvider
import androidx.compose.runtime.ProvidedValue
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.runtime.staticCompositionLocalOf
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelStore
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelStoreOwner
import androidx.lifecycle.viewmodel.ViewModelStoreProvider
import androidx.lifecycle.viewmodel.compose.LocalViewModelStoreOwner
import androidx.lifecycle.viewmodel.compose.rememberViewModelStoreOwner
import androidx.lifecycle.viewmodel.compose.rememberViewModelStoreProvider
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.NavEntry
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.NavEntryDecorator
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.NavMetadataKey
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.SaveableStateHolderNavEntryDecorator
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.get
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.metadata
import androidx.savedstate.compose.LocalSavedStateRegistryOwner

/**
 * Returns a [SharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator] that is remembered across recompositions.
 *
 * @param [viewModelStoreOwner] The [ViewModelStoreOwner] that provides the [ViewModelStore] to
 *   NavEntries
 */
@Composable
fun <T : Any> rememberSharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator(
    viewModelStoreOwner: ViewModelStoreOwner =
        checkNotNull(LocalViewModelStoreOwner.current) {
            "No ViewModelStoreOwner was provided via LocalViewModelStoreOwner"
        },
): SharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator<T> {
    val viewModelStoreProvider = rememberViewModelStoreProvider(viewModelStoreOwner)
    return remember(viewModelStoreOwner) {
        SharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator(
            viewModelStoreProvider,
        )
    }
}

/**
 * Provides the content of a [NavEntry] with a new [ViewModelStoreOwner] and provides that
 * [ViewModelStoreOwner] as a [LocalViewModelStoreOwner] so that it is available within the content.
 *
 * If the [NavEntry] specifies that it has a parent in its metadata, the parent's
 * [ViewModelStoreOwner] will also be supplied along with the new one. This allows the
 * entry to access both its own [ViewModel] and its parent's [ViewModel]s.
 *
 * This requires the usage of [SaveableStateHolderNavEntryDecorator] to ensure that the [NavEntry]
 * scoped [ViewModel]s can properly provide access to [androidx.lifecycle.SavedStateHandle]s.
 *
 * @see [SharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator.parent]
 *
 * @param [viewModelStoreProvider] The [ViewModelStoreProvider] scoped to
 * the parent [ViewModelStoreOwner]
 */
class SharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator<T : Any>(
    viewModelStoreProvider: ViewModelStoreProvider
) : NavEntryDecorator<T>(
    onPop = { key -> viewModelStoreProvider.clearKey(key) },
    decorate = { entry ->
        val localContentKey = entry.contentKey
        val localOwner =
            rememberViewModelStoreOwner(
                localContentKey,
                viewModelStoreProvider,
                savedStateRegistryOwner = LocalSavedStateRegistryOwner.current,
            )

        val localValues: MutableList<ProvidedValue<*>> = mutableListOf(LocalViewModelStoreOwner provides localOwner)

        // If the entry indicates it has a parent, also provide its parent's ViewModelStore
        val parentContentKey = entry.metadata[ParentKey]
        if (parentContentKey != null) {
            val parentOwner = rememberViewModelStoreOwner(
                    parentContentKey,
                    viewModelStoreProvider,
                    savedStateRegistryOwner = LocalSavedStateRegistryOwner.current,
                )

            localValues.add(LocalSharedViewModelStoreOwner provides parentOwner)
        }
        CompositionLocalProvider(
            values = localValues.toTypedArray()
        ) { entry.Content() }
    },
) {
    companion object {
        /**
         * Use this function to specify a `NavEntry`'s parent. The parent's
         * `ViewModelStoreOwner` will be supplied via `LocalSharedViewModelStoreOwner`
         */
        fun parent(key: Any) = metadata {
            put(ParentKey, key)
        }

        object ParentKey : NavMetadataKey<Any>
    }
}

val LocalSharedViewModelStoreOwner =
    staticCompositionLocalOf<ViewModelStoreOwner> { error("No LocalSharedViewModelStoreOwner provided!") }
SharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator.kt

/*
 * Copyright 2025 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.example.nav3recipes.sharedviewmodel

import android.os.Bundle
import androidx.activity.ComponentActivity
import androidx.activity.compose.setContent
import androidx.compose.material3.Button
import androidx.compose.material3.Text
import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableIntStateOf
import androidx.compose.runtime.setValue
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel
import androidx.lifecycle.compose.dropUnlessResumed
import androidx.lifecycle.viewmodel.compose.viewModel
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.NavKey
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.entryProvider
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.rememberNavBackStack
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.rememberSaveableStateHolderNavEntryDecorator
import androidx.navigation3.ui.NavDisplay
import com.example.nav3recipes.content.ContentBlue
import com.example.nav3recipes.content.ContentGreen
import com.example.nav3recipes.content.ContentRed
import com.example.nav3recipes.ui.setEdgeToEdgeConfig
import kotlinx.serialization.Serializable


@Serializable
private data object ParentScreen : NavKey

@Serializable
private data object ChildScreen : NavKey

@Serializable
private data object StandaloneScreen : NavKey

class SharedViewModelActivity : ComponentActivity() {

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        setEdgeToEdgeConfig()
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

        setContent {
            val backStack = rememberNavBackStack(ParentScreen)

            NavDisplay(
                backStack = backStack,
                onBack = { backStack.removeLastOrNull() },
                entryDecorators = listOf(
                    rememberSaveableStateHolderNavEntryDecorator(),
                    rememberSharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator(),
                ),
                entryProvider = entryProvider {
                    entry<ParentScreen>(
                        clazzContentKey = { key -> key.toContentKey() },
                    ) {
                        val viewModel = viewModel<CounterViewModel>()

                        ContentRed("Parent screen") {
                            Button(onClick = { viewModel.count++ }) {
                                Text("Count: ${viewModel.count}")
                            }
                            Button(onClick = dropUnlessResumed { backStack.add(ChildScreen) }) {
                                Text("View child screen")
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    entry<ChildScreen>(
                        metadata = SharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator.parent(
                            ParentScreen.toContentKey()
                        )
                    ) {
                        val parentViewModel = viewModel<CounterViewModel>(
                            viewModelStoreOwner = LocalSharedViewModelStoreOwner.current
                        )

                        val standaloneViewModel = viewModel<CounterViewModel>()

                        ContentBlue("Child screen") {
                            Button(onClick = { parentViewModel.count++ }) {
                                Text("Parent count: ${parentViewModel.count}")
                            }
                            Button(onClick = { standaloneViewModel.count++ }) {
                                Text("Standalone Count: ${standaloneViewModel.count}")
                            }
                            Button(onClick = dropUnlessResumed { backStack.add(StandaloneScreen) }) {
                                Text("View standalone screen")
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    entry<StandaloneScreen> {
                        val viewModel = viewModel<CounterViewModel>()

                        ContentGreen("Standalone screen") {
                            Button(onClick = {
                                viewModel.count++
                            }) {
                                Text("Count: ${viewModel.count}")
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            )
        }
    }
}

fun NavKey.toContentKey() = this.toString()

class CounterViewModel : ViewModel() {
    var count by mutableIntStateOf(0)
}
SharedViewModelActivity.kt