Tipos de serviços em primeiro plano

A partir do Android 14 (nível 34 da API), é necessário declarar um tipo de serviço adequado para cada serviço em primeiro plano. Isso significa que você precisa declarar o tipo de serviço no manifesto do app e também solicitar a permissão de serviço em primeiro plano adequada para esse tipo, além de solicitar a permissão FOREGROUND_SERVICE. Além disso, dependendo do tipo de serviço em primeiro plano, talvez seja necessário solicitar permissões de execução antes de iniciar o serviço.

Câmera

Tipo de serviço em primeiro plano a ser declarado no manifesto em android:foregroundServiceType
camera
Permissão a ser declarada no manifesto
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA
Constante para transmitir para startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA
Pré-requisitos do ambiente de execução

Solicitar e receber a permissão de execução CAMERA

Descrição

Continue acessando a câmera em segundo plano, como em apps de chat por vídeo que permitem várias tarefas.

Dispositivo conectado

Tipo de serviço em primeiro plano a ser declarado no manifesto
android:foregroundServiceType
connectedDevice
Permissão a ser declarada no manifesto
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
Constante a ser transmitida para startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
Pré-requisitos de tempo de execução

Pelo menos uma das condições a seguir precisa ser verdadeira:

Descrição

Interações com dispositivos externos que exigem uma conexão Bluetooth, NFC, IR, USB ou de rede.

Alternativas

Se o app precisar fazer uma transferência contínua de dados para um dispositivo externo, use o gerenciador de dispositivos complementar. Use a API de presença de dispositivo complementar para ajudar o app a continuar em execução enquanto o dispositivo complementar estiver ao alcance.

Se o app precisar procurar dispositivos Bluetooth, use a API Bluetooth Scan.

Sincronização de dados

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
dataSync
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Data transfer operations, such as the following:

  • Data upload or download
  • Backup-and-restore operations
  • Import or export operations
  • Fetch data
  • Local file processing
  • Transfer data between a device and the cloud over a network
Alternatives

See Alternatives to data sync foreground services for detailed information.

Saúde

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
health
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

Description

Any long-running use cases to support apps in the fitness category such as exercise trackers.

Local

Tipo de serviço em primeiro plano a ser declarado no manifesto em
android:foregroundServiceType
location
Permissão a ser declarada no manifesto
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION
Constante para transmitir para startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION
Pré-requisitos do ambiente de execução

O usuário precisa ter ativado os serviços de localização, e o app precisa ter pelo menos uma das seguintes permissões de execução:

Descrição

Casos de uso de longa duração que exigem acesso à localização, como navegação e compartilhamento de local.

Alternativas

Se o app precisar ser acionado quando o usuário chegar a locais específicos, use a API Geofence.

Mídia

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaPlayback
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Continue audio or video playback from the background. Support Digital Video Recording (DVR) functionality on Android TV.

Alternatives

If you're showing picture-in-picture video, use Picture-in-Picture mode.

Mídia em processamento

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProcessing
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Service for performing time-consuming operations on media assets, like converting media to different formats. The system allows this service a limited time to run; under normal circumstances, this time limit would be 6 hours out of every 24. (This limit is shared by all of an app's mediaProcessing foreground services.)

Your app should manually stop the media processing service in the following scenario:

If the timeout period is reached, the system calls the service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), an ANR will occur with this error message: "A foreground service of <fgs_type> did not stop within its timeout: <component_name>".

Note: Service.onTimeout(int, int) is not available on Android 14 or lower. On devices running those versions, if a media processing service reaches the timeout period, the system immediately caches the app. For this reason, your app shouldn't wait to get a timeout notification. Instead, it should terminate the foreground service or change it to a background service as soon as appropriate.

Projeção de mídia

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProjection
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
Runtime prerequisites

Call the createScreenCaptureIntent() method before starting the foreground service. Doing so shows a permission notification to the user; the user must grant the permission before you can create the service.

After you have created the foreground service, you can call MediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection().

Description

Project content to non-primary display or external device using the MediaProjection APIs. This content doesn't have to be exclusively media content.

Alternatives

To stream media to another device, use the Google Cast SDK.

Microfone

Tipo de serviço em primeiro plano a ser declarado no manifesto em
android:foregroundServiceType
microphone
Permissão a ser declarada no manifesto
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE
Constante para transmitir para startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE
Pré-requisitos do ambiente de execução

Solicite e receba a permissão de execução RECORD_AUDIO.

Descrição

Continue a captura do microfone em segundo plano, como gravadores de voz ou apps de comunicação.

Ligação telefônica

Tipo de serviço em primeiro plano a ser declarado no manifesto em
android:foregroundServiceType
phoneCall
Permissão a ser declarada no manifesto
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL
Constante para transmitir para startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL
Pré-requisitos do ambiente de execução

Pelo menos uma destas condições precisa ser verdadeira:

  • O app é o app de discagem padrão pelo papel ROLE_DIALER.
Descrição

Continue uma chamada usando as APIs ConnectionService.

Alternativas

Se você precisar fazer ligações telefônicas, de vídeo ou VoIP, use a biblioteca android.telecom.

Considere usar CallScreeningService para filtrar ligações.

Mensagens remotas

Tipo de serviço em primeiro plano a ser declarado no manifesto
android:foregroundServiceType
remoteMessaging
Permissão a ser declarada no manifesto
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
Constante a ser transmitida para startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
Pré-requisitos de tempo de execução
Nenhum
Descrição
Transferir mensagens de texto de um dispositivo para outro. Ajuda na continuidade das tarefas de mensagens de um usuário ao trocar de dispositivo.

Serviço curto

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
shortService
Permission to declare in your manifest
None
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Quickly finish critical work that cannot be interrupted or postponed.

This type has some unique characteristics:

  • Can only run for a short period of time (about 3 minutes).
  • No support for sticky foreground services.
  • Cannot start other foreground services.
  • Doesn't require a type-specific permission, though it still requires the FOREGROUND_SERVICE permission.
  • A shortService can only change to another service type if the app is currently eligible to start a new foreground service.
  • A foreground service can change its type to shortService at any time, at which point the timeout period begins.

The timeout for shortService begins from the moment that Service.startForeground() is called. The app is expected to call Service.stopSelf() or Service.stopForeground() before the timeout occurs. Otherwise, the new Service.onTimeout() is called, giving apps a brief opportunity to call stopSelf() or stopForeground() to stop their service.

A short time after Service.onTimeout() is called, the app enters a cached state and is no longer considered to be in the foreground, unless the user is actively interacting with the app. A short time after the app is cached and the service has not stopped, the app receives an ANR. The ANR message mentions FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE. For these reasons, it's considered best practice to implement the Service.onTimeout() callback.

The Service.onTimeout() callback doesn't exist on Android 13 and lower. If the same service runs on such devices, it doesn't receive a timeout, nor does it ANR. Make sure that your service stops as soon as it finishes the processing task, even if it hasn't received the Service.onTimeout() callback yet.

It's important to note that if the timeout of the shortService is not respected, the app will ANR even if it has other valid foreground services or other app lifecycle processes running.

If an app is visible to the user or satisfies one of the exemptions that allow foreground services to be started from the background, calling Service.StartForeground() again with the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE parameter extends the timeout by another 3 minutes. If the app isn't visible to the user and doesn't satisfy one of the exemptions, any attempt to start another foreground service, regardless of type, causes a ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

If a user disables battery optimization for your app, it's still affected by the timeout of shortService FGS.

If you start a foreground service that includes the shortService type and another foreground service type, the system ignores the shortService type declaration. However, the service must still adhere to the prerequisites of the other declared types. For more information, see the Foreground services documentation.

Uso especial

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
specialUse
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Covers any valid foreground service use cases that aren't covered by the other foreground service types.

In addition to declaring the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE foreground service type, developers should declare use cases in the manifest. To do so, they specify the <property> element within the <service> element. These values and corresponding use cases are reviewed when you submit your app in the Google Play Console. The use cases you provide are free-form, and you should make sure to provide enough information to let the reviewer see why you need to use the specialUse type.

<service android:name="fooService" android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse">
  <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE"
      android:value="explanation_for_special_use"/>
</service>

Sistema isento

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
systemExempted
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Reserved for system applications and specific system integrations, to continue to use foreground services.

To use this type, an app must meet at least one of the following criteria:

Aplicação da política do Google Play para uso de tipos de serviço em primeiro plano

Se o app for direcionado ao Android 14 ou versões mais recentes, será necessário declarar os tipos de serviço em primeiro plano na página "Conteúdo do app" do Play Console (Política > Conteúdo do app). Para mais informações sobre como declarar seus tipos de serviço em primeiro plano no Play Console, consulte Saiba mais sobre o serviço em primeiro plano e os requisitos de intent para tela cheia.