Ön plan hizmeti türleri

Android 14 (API düzeyi 34) sürümünden itibaren, her ön plan hizmeti için uygun bir hizmet türü beyan etmeniz gerekir. Bu nedenle, hizmet türünü uygulama manifestinizde belirtmeniz ve FOREGROUND_SERVICE iznini istemenin yanı sıra bu tür için uygun ön plan hizmeti iznini de istemeniz gerekir. Ayrıca, ön plan hizmet türüne bağlı olarak hizmeti başlatmadan önce çalışma zamanı izinleri istemeniz gerekebilir.

Kamera

Manifest'te android:foregroundServiceType altında beyan edilecek ön plan hizmeti türü

camera

Manifest dosyanızda beyan etme izni

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA

startForeground()'ya iletilecek sabit

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA

Çalışma zamanı ön koşulları

CAMERA çalışma zamanı iznini isteme ve bu iznin verilmesi

Açıklama

Kameraya arka planda erişmeye devam edin. Örneğin, çoklu görev gerçekleştirmeye izin veren görüntülü sohbet uygulamaları.

Bağlı cihaz

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

connectedDevice

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE

Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

• Declare at least one of the following permissions in your manifest:

  • CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
  • CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
  • CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
  • NFC
  • TRANSMIT_IR

• Request and be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:

  • BLUETOOTH_CONNECT
  • BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE
  • BLUETOOTH_SCAN
  • UWB_RANGING

• Call UsbManager.requestPermission()

Description

Interactions with external devices that require a Bluetooth, NFC, IR, USB, or network connection.

Alternatives

If your app needs to do continuous data transfer to an external device, consider using the companion device manager instead. Use the companion device presence API to help your app stay running while the companion device is in range.

If your app needs to scan for bluetooth devices, consider using the Bluetooth scan API instead.

Veri senkronizasyonu

Manifest'te altında beyan edilecek ön plan hizmeti türü

android:foregroundServiceType

dataSync

Manifest dosyanızda beyan etme izni

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC

startForeground()'ya iletilecek sabit

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC

Çalışma zamanı ön koşulları

Yok

Açıklama

Aşağıdakiler gibi veri aktarımı işlemleri:

• Veri yükleme veya indirme
• Yedekleme ve geri yükleme işlemleri
• İçe veya dışa aktarma işlemleri
• Veri getirme
• Yerel dosya işleme
• Bir cihaz ile bulut arasında ağ üzerinden veri aktarma

Alternatifler

Ayrıntılı bilgi için Veri senkronizasyonu ön plan hizmetlerine alternatifler başlıklı makaleyi inceleyin.

Sağlık

Manifest dosyasında aşağıdaki altında beyan edilecek ön plan hizmet türü

android:foregroundServiceType

health

Manifest dosyanızda beyan etme izni

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH

startForeground() işlevine iletilen sabit değer

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH

Çalışma zamanı ön koşulları

Aşağıdaki koşullardan en az biri doğru olmalıdır:

• Manifest'inizde HIGH_SAMPLING_RATE_SENSORS iznini beyan edin.

• Aşağıdaki çalışma zamanı izinlerinden en az birini talep edin ve alın:

  • API 35 ve önceki sürümlerde BODY_SENSORS
  • READ_HEART_RATE
  • READ_SKIN_TEMPERATURE
  • READ_OXYGEN_SATURATION
  • ACTIVITY_RECOGNITION

Açıklama

Fitness kategorisindeki uygulamaları (ör. egzersiz takipçileri) desteklemek için uzun süredir kullanılan tüm kullanım alanları.

Konum

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

location

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION

Runtime prerequisites

The user must have enabled location services and the app must be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:

• ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
• ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION

Description

Long-running use cases that require location access, such as navigation and location sharing.

Alternatives

If your app needs to be triggered when the user reaches specific locations, consider using the geofence API instead.

Medya

Manifest'te altında beyan edilecek ön plan hizmeti türü

android:foregroundServiceType

mediaPlayback

Manifest dosyanızda beyan etme izni

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK

startForeground()'ya iletilecek sabit

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK

Çalışma zamanı ön koşulları

Yok

Açıklama

Ses ve video oynatmaya arka planda devam edin. Android TV'de dijital video kaydı (DVR) işlevini destekleme.

Alternatifler

Pencere içinde pencere videosu gösteriyorsanız pencere içinde pencere modunu kullanın.

Medya işleniyor

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

mediaProcessing

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROCESSING

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROCESSING

Runtime prerequisites

None

Description

Service for performing time-consuming operations on media assets, like converting media to different formats. The system allows this service a limited time to run; under normal circumstances, this time limit would be 6 hours out of every 24. (This limit is shared by all of an app's mediaProcessing foreground services.)

Your app should manually stop the media processing service in the following scenario:

• When the transcoding operation finishes or reaches a failure state, have the service call Service.stopForeground() and Service.stopSelf() to stop the service completely.

If the timeout period is reached, the system calls the service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), an ANR will occur with this error message: "A foreground service of <fgs_type> did not stop within its timeout: <component_name>".

Note: Service.onTimeout(int, int) is not available on Android 14 or lower. On devices running those versions, if a media processing service reaches the timeout period, the system immediately caches the app. For this reason, your app shouldn't wait to get a timeout notification. Instead, it should terminate the foreground service or change it to a background service as soon as appropriate.

Medya projeksiyonu

Manifest'te altında beyan edilecek ön plan hizmeti türü

android:foregroundServiceType

mediaProjection

Manifest dosyanızda beyan etme izni

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION

startForeground()'ya iletilecek sabit

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION

Çalışma zamanı ön koşulları

Ön plan hizmetini başlatmadan önce createScreenCaptureIntent() yöntemini çağırın. Bu işlem, kullanıcıya bir izin bildirimi gösterir; hizmeti oluşturabilmeniz için kullanıcının izni vermesi gerekir.

Ön plan hizmetini oluşturduktan sonra MediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection() işlevini çağırabilirsiniz.

Açıklama

İçeriği, MediaProjection API'lerini kullanarak birincil olmayan ekrana veya harici cihaza yansıtın. Bu içeriğin yalnızca medya içeriği olması gerekmez.

Alternatifler

Başka bir cihaza medya aktarmak için Google Cast SDK'sını kullanın.

Mikrofon

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

microphone

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE

Runtime prerequisites

Request and be granted the RECORD_AUDIO runtime permission.

Description

Continue microphone capture from the background, such as voice recorders or communication apps.

Sesli arama

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

phoneCall

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL

Runtime prerequisites

At least one of these conditions must be true:

• App has declared the MANAGE_OWN_CALLS permission in its manifest file.

• App is the default dialer app through the ROLE_DIALER role.

Description

Continue an ongoing call using the ConnectionService APIs.

Alternatives

If you need to make phone, video, or VoIP calls, consider using the android.telecom library.

Consider using CallScreeningService to screen calls.

Uzaktan mesajlaşma

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

remoteMessaging

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING

Runtime prerequisites

None

Description

Transfer text messages from one device to another. Assists with continuity of a user's messaging tasks when they switch devices.

Kısa servis

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

shortService

Permission to declare in your manifest

None

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE

Runtime prerequisites

None

Description

Quickly finish critical work that cannot be interrupted or postponed.

This type has some unique characteristics:

• Can only run for a short period of time (about 3 minutes).
• No support for sticky foreground services.
• Cannot start other foreground services.
• Doesn't require a type-specific permission, though it still requires the FOREGROUND_SERVICE permission.
• A shortService can only change to another service type if the app is currently eligible to start a new foreground service.
• A foreground service can change its type to shortService at any time, at which point the timeout period begins.

The timeout for shortService begins from the moment that Service.startForeground() is called. The app is expected to call Service.stopSelf() or Service.stopForeground() before the timeout occurs. Otherwise, the new Service.onTimeout() is called, giving apps a brief opportunity to call stopSelf() or stopForeground() to stop their service.

A short time after Service.onTimeout() is called, the app enters a cached state and is no longer considered to be in the foreground, unless the user is actively interacting with the app. A short time after the app is cached and the service has not stopped, the app receives an ANR. The ANR message mentions FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE. For these reasons, it's considered best practice to implement the Service.onTimeout() callback.

The Service.onTimeout() callback doesn't exist on Android 13 and lower. If the same service runs on such devices, it doesn't receive a timeout, nor does it ANR. Make sure that your service stops as soon as it finishes the processing task, even if it hasn't received the Service.onTimeout() callback yet.

It's important to note that if the timeout of the shortService is not respected, the app will ANR even if it has other valid foreground services or other app lifecycle processes running.

If an app is visible to the user or satisfies one of the exemptions that allow foreground services to be started from the background, calling Service.StartForeground() again with the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE parameter extends the timeout by another 3 minutes. If the app isn't visible to the user and doesn't satisfy one of the exemptions, any attempt to start another foreground service, regardless of type, causes a ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

If a user disables battery optimization for your app, it's still affected by the timeout of shortService FGS.

If you start a foreground service that includes the shortService type and another foreground service type, the system ignores the shortService type declaration. However, the service must still adhere to the prerequisites of the other declared types. For more information, see the Foreground services documentation.

Özel kullanım

Manifest dosyasında tanımlanacak ön plan hizmet türü

android:foregroundServiceType

specialUse

Manifest'inizde beyan etme izni

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE

startForeground() noktasına ulaşılmasına kalan süre

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE

Çalışma zamanı ön koşulları

Yok

Açıklama

Diğer ön plan hizmeti kapsamı dışındaki geçerli ön plan hizmeti kullanım alanlarını kapsar. ön plan hizmet türleri için kullanılır.

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE beyana ek olarak, ön plan hizmet türüyle birlikte, geliştiricilerin kullanım alanlarını manifest'ini kullanabilirsiniz. Bunu yapmak için<property> <service> öğesi. Bu değerler ve karşılık gelen kullanım alanları şunlardır: incelenir. Kullanım sağladığınız örnekler serbest biçimli olmalıdır ve bunun için yeterli miktarda incelemecinin specialUse öğesini neden kullanmanız gerektiğini bilmesi için gerekli bilgileri türü.

<service android:name="fooService" android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse">
  <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE"
      android:value="explanation_for_special_use"/>
</service>

Sistem tarafından muaf tutuldu

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

systemExempted

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED

Runtime prerequisites

None

Description

Reserved for system applications and specific system integrations, to continue to use foreground services.

To use this type, an app must meet at least one of the following criteria:

• Device is in demo mode state
• App is a Device Owner
• App is a Profiler Owner
• Safety Apps that have the ROLE_EMERGENCY role
• Device Admin apps
• Apps holding SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM or USE_EXACT_ALARM permission

• VPN apps (configured using Settings > Network & Internet > VPN)

  Otherwise, declaring this type causes the system to throw a ForegroundServiceTypeNotAllowedException.

Ön plan hizmeti türlerinin kullanımıyla ilgili Google Play politika yaptırımı

Uygulamanız Android 14 veya sonraki sürümleri hedefliyorsa uygulamanızın ön plan hizmet türlerini Play Console'un uygulama içeriği sayfasında (Politika > Uygulama içeriği) belirtmeniz gerekir. Play Console'da ön plan hizmet türlerinizi nasıl beyan edeceğiniz hakkında daha fazla bilgi için Ön plan hizmetini ve tam ekran intent şartlarını anlama başlıklı makaleyi inceleyin.