Начиная с Android 14 (уровень API 34), для каждой службы переднего плана необходимо объявить соответствующий тип службы. Это означает, что вы должны объявить тип службы в манифесте вашего приложения, а также запросить соответствующее разрешение для службы переднего плана этого типа (в дополнение к запросу разрешения FOREGROUND_SERVICE ). Кроме того, в зависимости от типа службы переднего плана, вам может потребоваться запросить разрешения во время выполнения перед запуском службы.
Камера
- Тип службы переднего плана, который необходимо указать в манифесте в разделе
android:foregroundServiceType -
camera - Разрешение на декларирование в вашем манифесте
-
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA - Константа, передаваемая в
startForeground() -
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA - Предварительные условия выполнения
Запросите и получите разрешение на использование
CAMERAв режиме реального времени.- Описание
Продолжайте получать доступ к камере в фоновом режиме, например, в приложениях для видеочата, поддерживающих многозадачность.
Подключенное устройство
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceTypeconnectedDevice- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE- Runtime prerequisites
At least one of the following conditions must be true:
Declare at least one of the following permissions in your manifest:
Request and be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:
- Description
Interactions with external devices that require a Bluetooth, NFC, IR, USB, or network connection.
- Alternatives
If your app needs to do continuous data transfer to an external device, consider using the companion device manager instead. Use the companion device presence API to help your app stay running while the companion device is in range.
If your app needs to scan for bluetooth devices, consider using the Bluetooth scan API instead.
Синхронизация данных
- Тип службы переднего плана, который необходимо указать в манифесте.
-
android:foregroundServiceType -
dataSync - Разрешение на декларирование в вашем манифесте
-
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC - Константа, передаваемая в
startForeground() -
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC - Предварительные условия выполнения
- Никто
- Описание
Операции по передаче данных, такие как следующие:
- Загрузка или скачивание данных
- Операции резервного копирования и восстановления
- Импортные или экспортные операции
- Получить данные
- Локальная обработка файлов
- Передача данных между устройством и облаком по сети.
- Альтернативы
Подробную информацию см. в разделе «Альтернативы службам синхронизации данных в фоновом режиме» .
Здоровье
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceTypehealth- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH- Runtime prerequisites
At least one of the following conditions must be true:
Declare the
HIGH_SAMPLING_RATE_SENSORSpermission in your manifest.Request and be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:
BODY_SENSORSon API 35 and lowerREAD_HEART_RATEREAD_SKIN_TEMPERATUREREAD_OXYGEN_SATURATIONACTIVITY_RECOGNITION
- Description
Any long-running use cases to support apps in the fitness category such as exercise trackers.
Расположение
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceTypelocation- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION- Runtime prerequisites
The user must have enabled location services and the app must be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:
- Description
Long-running use cases that require location access, such as navigation and location sharing.
- Alternatives
If your app needs to be triggered when the user reaches specific locations, consider using the geofence API instead.
СМИ
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceTypemediaPlayback- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK- Runtime prerequisites
- None
- Description
Continue audio or video playback from the background. Support Digital Video Recording (DVR) functionality on Android TV.
- Alternatives
If you're showing picture-in-picture video, use Picture-in-Picture mode.
Обработка медиафайлов
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceTypemediaProcessing- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROCESSING- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROCESSING- Runtime prerequisites
- None
- Description
Service for performing time-consuming operations on media assets, like converting media to different formats. The system allows this service a limited time to run; under normal circumstances, this time limit would be 6 hours out of every 24. (This limit is shared by all of an app's
mediaProcessingforeground services.)Your app should manually stop the media processing service in the following scenario:
- When the transcoding operation finishes or reaches a failure state, have the
service call
Service.stopForeground()andService.stopSelf()to stop the service completely.
- When the transcoding operation finishes or reaches a failure state, have the
service call
If the timeout period is reached, the system calls the service's
Service.onTimeout(int, int)method. At this time, the service has a few seconds to callService.stopSelf(). If the service does not callService.stopSelf(), an ANR will occur with this error message: "A foreground service of <fgs_type> did not stop within its timeout: <component_name>".Note:
Service.onTimeout(int, int)is not available on Android 14 or lower. On devices running those versions, if a media processing service reaches the timeout period, the system immediately caches the app. For this reason, your app shouldn't wait to get a timeout notification. Instead, it should terminate the foreground service or change it to a background service as soon as appropriate.
Проекция СМИ
- Тип службы переднего плана, который необходимо указать в манифесте.
-
android:foregroundServiceType -
mediaProjection - Разрешение на декларирование в вашем манифесте
-
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION - Константа, передаваемая в
startForeground() -
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION - Предварительные условия выполнения
Перед запуском службы переднего плана вызовите метод
createScreenCaptureIntent(). Это отобразит пользователю уведомление о необходимости разрешения; пользователь должен предоставить разрешение, прежде чем вы сможете создать службу.После создания службы переднего плана вы можете вызвать
MediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection().- Описание
Проецируйте контент на дополнительный дисплей или внешнее устройство, используя API
MediaProjection. Этот контент не обязательно должен быть исключительно медиаконтентом.- Альтернативы
Для потоковой передачи мультимедиа на другое устройство используйте SDK Google Cast .
Микрофон
- Тип службы переднего плана, который необходимо указать в манифесте.
-
android:foregroundServiceType -
microphone - Разрешение на декларирование в вашем манифесте
-
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE - Константа, передаваемая в
startForeground() -
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE - Предварительные условия выполнения
Запросите и получите разрешение
RECORD_AUDIOво время выполнения.- Описание
Продолжайте запись звука с микрофона в фоновом режиме, например, с помощью диктофонов или коммуникационных приложений.
Телефонный звонок
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceTypephoneCall- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL- Runtime prerequisites
At least one of these conditions must be true:
- App has declared the
MANAGE_OWN_CALLSpermission in its manifest file.
- App has declared the
- App is the default dialer app through the
ROLE_DIALERrole.
- App is the default dialer app through the
- Description
Continue an ongoing call using the
ConnectionServiceAPIs.- Alternatives
If you need to make phone, video, or VoIP calls, consider using the
android.telecomlibrary.Consider using
CallScreeningServiceto screen calls.
Удалённая передача сообщений
- Тип службы переднего плана, который нужно объявить в манифесте в разделе
-
android:foregroundServiceType -
remoteMessaging - Разрешение объявить в своем манифесте
-
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING - Константа для передачи в
startForeground() -
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING - Предварительные требования для выполнения
- Никто
- Описание
- Передавайте текстовые сообщения с одного устройства на другое. Помогает обеспечить непрерывность выполнения задач пользователя по обмену сообщениями при переключении устройств.
Краткосрочное обслуживание
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceTypeshortService- Permission to declare in your manifest
- None
- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE- Runtime prerequisites
- None
- Description
Quickly finish critical work that cannot be interrupted or postponed.
This type has some unique characteristics:
- Can only run for a short period of time (about 3 minutes).
- No support for sticky foreground services.
- Cannot start other foreground services.
- Doesn't require a type-specific permission, though it still
requires the
FOREGROUND_SERVICEpermission. - A
shortServicecan only change to another service type if the app is currently eligible to start a new foreground service. - A foreground service can change its type to
shortServiceat any time, at which point the timeout period begins.
The timeout for shortService begins from the moment that
Service.startForeground()is called. The app is expected to callService.stopSelf()orService.stopForeground()before the timeout occurs. Otherwise, the newService.onTimeout()is called, giving apps a brief opportunity to callstopSelf()orstopForeground()to stop their service.A short time after
Service.onTimeout()is called, the app enters a cached state and is no longer considered to be in the foreground, unless the user is actively interacting with the app. A short time after the app is cached and the service has not stopped, the app receives an ANR. The ANR message mentionsFOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE. For these reasons, it's considered best practice to implement theService.onTimeout()callback.The
Service.onTimeout()callback doesn't exist on Android 13 and lower. If the same service runs on such devices, it doesn't receive a timeout, nor does it ANR. Make sure that your service stops as soon as it finishes the processing task, even if it hasn't received theService.onTimeout()callback yet.It's important to note that if the timeout of the
shortServiceis not respected, the app will ANR even if it has other valid foreground services or other app lifecycle processes running.If an app is visible to the user or satisfies one of the exemptions that allow foreground services to be started from the background, calling
Service.StartForeground()again with theFOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICEparameter extends the timeout by another 3 minutes. If the app isn't visible to the user and doesn't satisfy one of the exemptions, any attempt to start another foreground service, regardless of type, causes aForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.If a user disables battery optimization for your app, it's still affected by the timeout of shortService FGS.
If you start a foreground service that includes the
shortServicetype and another foreground service type, the system ignores theshortServicetype declaration. However, the service must still adhere to the prerequisites of the other declared types. For more information, see the Foreground services documentation.
Специальное использование
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceTypespecialUse- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE- Runtime prerequisites
- None
- Description
Covers any valid foreground service use cases that aren't covered by the other foreground service types.
In addition to declaring the
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USEforeground service type, developers should declare use cases in the manifest. To do so, they specify the<property>element within the<service>element. These values and corresponding use cases are reviewed when you submit your app in the Google Play Console. The use cases you provide are free-form, and you should make sure to provide enough information to let the reviewer see why you need to use thespecialUsetype.<service android:name="fooService" android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse"> <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE" android:value="explanation_for_special_use"/> </service>
Система освобождена от ограничений
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceTypesystemExempted- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED- Runtime prerequisites
- None
- Description
Reserved for system applications and specific system integrations, to continue to use foreground services.
To use this type, an app must meet at least one of the following criteria:
- Device is in demo mode state
- App is a Device Owner
- App is a Profiler Owner
- Safety Apps that have the
ROLE_EMERGENCYrole - Device Admin apps
- Apps holding
SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARMorUSE_EXACT_ALARMpermission VPN apps (configured using Settings > Network & Internet > VPN)
Otherwise, declaring this type causes the system to throw a
ForegroundServiceTypeNotAllowedException.
Применение правил Google Play к использованию типов служб переднего плана
Если ваше приложение предназначено для Android 14 или более поздней версии, вам необходимо объявить типы служб переднего плана вашего приложения на странице контента приложения Play Console ( Политика > Контент приложения ). Дополнительную информацию о том, как объявить типы служб переднего плана в Play Console, см. в разделе Общие сведения о службах переднего плана и требованиях к полноэкранному режиму .