Jenis layanan latar depan

Mulai dari Android 14 (level API 34), Anda harus mendeklarasikan jenis layanan yang sesuai untuk setiap layanan latar depan. Artinya, Anda harus mendeklarasikan jenis layanan dalam manifes aplikasi, dan juga meminta izin layanan latar depan yang sesuai untuk jenis tersebut (selain meminta izin FOREGROUND_SERVICE). Selain itu, bergantung pada jenis layanan latar depan, Anda mungkin harus meminta izin runtime sebelum meluncurkan layanan.

Kamera

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under android:foregroundServiceType
camera
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA
Runtime prerequisites

Request and be granted the CAMERA runtime permission

Description

Continue to access the camera from the background, such as video chat apps that allow for multitasking.

Perangkat yang terhubung

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
connectedDevice
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

Description

Interactions with external devices that require a Bluetooth, NFC, IR, USB, or network connection.

Alternatives

If your app needs to do continuous data transfer to an external device, consider using the companion device manager instead. Use the companion device presence API to help your app stay running while the companion device is in range.

If your app needs to scan for bluetooth devices, consider using the Bluetooth scan API instead.

Sinkronisasi data

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
dataSync
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Data transfer operations, such as the following:

  • Data upload or download
  • Backup-and-restore operations
  • Import or export operations
  • Fetch data
  • Local file processing
  • Transfer data between a device and the cloud over a network
Alternatives

See Alternatives to data sync foreground services for detailed information.

Kesehatan

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
health
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

Description

Any long-running use cases to support apps in the fitness category such as exercise trackers.

Lokasi

Jenis layanan latar depan yang akan dideklarasikan dalam manifes
android:foregroundServiceType
location
Izin untuk dideklarasikan dalam manifes
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION
Konstanta yang akan diteruskan ke startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION
Prasyarat runtime

Pengguna harus telah mengaktifkan layanan lokasi dan aplikasi harus diberi setidaknya salah satu izin runtime berikut:

Deskripsi

Kasus penggunaan jangka panjang yang memerlukan akses lokasi, seperti navigasi dan berbagi lokasi.

Alternatif

Jika aplikasi Anda perlu dipicu saat pengguna mencapai lokasi tertentu, pertimbangkan untuk menggunakan geofence API.

Media

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaPlayback
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Continue audio or video playback from the background. Support Digital Video Recording (DVR) functionality on Android TV.

Alternatives

If you're showing picture-in-picture video, use Picture-in-Picture mode.

Media sedang diproses

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProcessing
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Service for performing time-consuming operations on media assets, like converting media to different formats. The system allows this service a limited time to run; under normal circumstances, this time limit would be 6 hours out of every 24. (This limit is shared by all of an app's mediaProcessing foreground services.)

Your app should manually stop the media processing service in the following scenario:

If the timeout period is reached, the system calls the service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), an ANR will occur with this error message: "A foreground service of <fgs_type> did not stop within its timeout: <component_name>".

Note: Service.onTimeout(int, int) is not available on Android 14 or lower. On devices running those versions, if a media processing service reaches the timeout period, the system immediately caches the app. For this reason, your app shouldn't wait to get a timeout notification. Instead, it should terminate the foreground service or change it to a background service as soon as appropriate.

Proyeksi media

Jenis layanan latar depan yang akan dideklarasikan dalam manifes di
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProjection
Izin untuk dideklarasikan dalam manifes Anda
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
Konstanta untuk diteruskan ke startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
Prasyarat runtime

Panggil metode createScreenCaptureIntent() sebelum memulai layanan latar depan. Dengan melakukannya, notifikasi izin akan ditampilkan kepada pengguna; pengguna harus memberikan izin sebelum Anda dapat membuat layanan.

Setelah membuat layanan latar depan, Anda dapat memanggil MediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection().

Deskripsi

Proyeksikan konten ke layar non-utama atau perangkat eksternal menggunakan MediaProjection API. Konten ini tidak harus berupa konten media saja.

Alternatif

Untuk melakukan streaming media ke perangkat lain, gunakan Google Cast SDK.

Mikrofon

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
microphone
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE
Runtime prerequisites

Request and be granted the RECORD_AUDIO runtime permission.

Description

Continue microphone capture from the background, such as voice recorders or communication apps.

Panggilan telepon

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
phoneCall
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of these conditions must be true:

  • App is the default dialer app through the ROLE_DIALER role.
Description

Continue an ongoing call using the ConnectionService APIs.

Alternatives

If you need to make phone, video, or VoIP calls, consider using the android.telecom library.

Consider using CallScreeningService to screen calls.

Pengiriman pesan jarak jauh

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
remoteMessaging
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description
Transfer text messages from one device to another. Assists with continuity of a user's messaging tasks when they switch devices.

Layanan singkat

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
shortService
Permission to declare in your manifest
None
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Quickly finish critical work that cannot be interrupted or postponed.

This type has some unique characteristics:

  • Can only run for a short period of time (about 3 minutes).
  • No support for sticky foreground services.
  • Cannot start other foreground services.
  • Doesn't require a type-specific permission, though it still requires the FOREGROUND_SERVICE permission.
  • A shortService can only change to another service type if the app is currently eligible to start a new foreground service.
  • A foreground service can change its type to shortService at any time, at which point the timeout period begins.

The timeout for shortService begins from the moment that Service.startForeground() is called. The app is expected to call Service.stopSelf() or Service.stopForeground() before the timeout occurs. Otherwise, the new Service.onTimeout() is called, giving apps a brief opportunity to call stopSelf() or stopForeground() to stop their service.

A short time after Service.onTimeout() is called, the app enters a cached state and is no longer considered to be in the foreground, unless the user is actively interacting with the app. A short time after the app is cached and the service has not stopped, the app receives an ANR. The ANR message mentions FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE. For these reasons, it's considered best practice to implement the Service.onTimeout() callback.

The Service.onTimeout() callback doesn't exist on Android 13 and lower. If the same service runs on such devices, it doesn't receive a timeout, nor does it ANR. Make sure that your service stops as soon as it finishes the processing task, even if it hasn't received the Service.onTimeout() callback yet.

It's important to note that if the timeout of the shortService is not respected, the app will ANR even if it has other valid foreground services or other app lifecycle processes running.

If an app is visible to the user or satisfies one of the exemptions that allow foreground services to be started from the background, calling Service.StartForeground() again with the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE parameter extends the timeout by another 3 minutes. If the app isn't visible to the user and doesn't satisfy one of the exemptions, any attempt to start another foreground service, regardless of type, causes a ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

If a user disables battery optimization for your app, it's still affected by the timeout of shortService FGS.

If you start a foreground service that includes the shortService type and another foreground service type, the system ignores the shortService type declaration. However, the service must still adhere to the prerequisites of the other declared types. For more information, see the Foreground services documentation.

Penggunaan khusus

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
specialUse
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Covers any valid foreground service use cases that aren't covered by the other foreground service types.

In addition to declaring the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE foreground service type, developers should declare use cases in the manifest. To do so, they specify the <property> element within the <service> element. These values and corresponding use cases are reviewed when you submit your app in the Google Play Console. The use cases you provide are free-form, and you should make sure to provide enough information to let the reviewer see why you need to use the specialUse type.

<service android:name="fooService" android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse">
  <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE"
      android:value="explanation_for_special_use"/>
</service>

Sistem dikecualikan

Jenis layanan latar depan untuk dinyatakan dalam manifes di bawah
android:foregroundServiceType
systemExempted
Izin untuk dideklarasikan dalam manifes Anda
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
Konstanta untuk diteruskan ke startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
Prasyarat runtime
Tidak ada
Deskripsi

Ditujukan bagi aplikasi sistem dan integrasi sistem tertentu, untuk terus menggunakan layanan latar depan.

Untuk menggunakan jenis ini, aplikasi harus memenuhi setidaknya salah satu kriteria berikut:

Penegakan kebijakan Google Play untuk menggunakan jenis layanan latar depan

Jika aplikasi menargetkan Android 14 atau yang lebih baru, Anda harus menyatakan jenis layanan latar depan aplikasi di halaman konten aplikasi Konsol Play (Kebijakan > Konten aplikasi). Untuk informasi selengkapnya tentang cara mendeklarasikan jenis layanan latar depan di Konsol Play, lihat Memahami persyaratan layanan latar depan dan intent layar penuh.