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Pour lancer un service de premier plan depuis votre application, vous devez d'abord démarrer le service en appelant context.startForegroundService(). Ensuite, demandez au service d'appeler ServiceCompat.startForeground() pour se promouvoir en service de premier plan.
Prérequis
Selon le niveau d'API ciblé par votre application, certaines restrictions s'appliquent au lancement d'un service de premier plan.
Les applications qui ciblent Android 12 (niveau d'API 31) ou version ultérieure ne sont pas autorisées à démarrer un service de premier plan lorsque l'application est en arrière-plan, à quelques exceptions près. Pour en savoir plus et connaître les exceptions à cette règle, consultez Restrictions concernant le démarrage d'un service de premier plan en arrière-plan.
Les applications qui ciblent Android 14 (niveau d'API 34) ou version ultérieure doivent demander les autorisations appropriées pour le type de service de premier plan. Lorsque l'application tente de promouvoir un service au premier plan, le système vérifie les autorisations appropriées et génère SecurityException si l'application en manque. Par exemple, si vous essayez de lancer un service de premier plan de type location, le système vérifie que votre application dispose déjà de l'autorisation ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION ou ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION. La documentation sur les types de services de premier plan liste les prérequis requis pour chaque type de service de premier plan.
Lancer un service
Pour lancer un service de premier plan, vous devez d'abord le lancer en tant que service ordinaire (non de premier plan) :
Kotlin
valintent=Intent(...)// Build the intent for the servicecontext.startForegroundService(intent)
Java
Contextcontext=getApplicationContext();Intentintent=newIntent(...);// Build the intent for the servicecontext.startForegroundService(intent);
Points clés concernant le code
L'extrait de code lance un service. Toutefois, le service n'est pas encore en cours d'exécution au premier plan. Dans le service lui-même, vous devez appeler ServiceCompat.startForeground() pour promouvoir le service en tant que service de premier plan.
Promouvoir un service au premier plan
Une fois qu'un service est en cours d'exécution, vous devez appeler ServiceCompat.startForeground() pour demander que le service s'exécute au premier plan. Normalement, vous appelleriez cette méthode dans la méthode onStartCommand() du service.
ServiceCompat.startForeground() utilise les paramètres suivants :
Le service.
Entier positif qui identifie de manière unique la notification du service dans la barre d'état.
Les types de services de premier plan que vous transmettez à startForeground()doivent correspondre aux types déclarés dans le fichier manifeste, en fonction du cas d'utilisation spécifique. Ensuite, si vous devez ajouter d'autres types de services, vous pouvez appeler startForeground() à nouveau.
Par exemple, supposons qu'une application de fitness exécute un service de suivi de course à pied qui a toujours besoin d'informations location, mais qui peut ou non avoir besoin de lire des contenus multimédias. Vous devrez déclarer à la fois location et mediaPlayback dans le fichier manifeste. Si un utilisateur commence une course et souhaite simplement que sa position soit suivie, votre application doit appeler startForeground() et transmettre uniquement l'autorisation ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION. Ensuite, si l'utilisateur souhaite lancer la lecture audio, appelez à nouveau startForeground() et transmettez la combinaison bit à bit de tous les types de services de premier plan (dans ce cas, ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION|FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK).
L'exemple suivant montre le code qu'un service de caméras utiliserait pour se promouvoir en tant que service de premier plan :
Kotlin
classMyCameraService:Service(){privatefunstartForeground(){// Before starting the service as foreground check that the app has the// appropriate runtime permissions. In this case, verify that the user has// granted the CAMERA permission.valcameraPermission=PermissionChecker.checkSelfPermission(this,Manifest.permission.CAMERA)if(cameraPermission!=PermissionChecker.PERMISSION_GRANTED){// Without camera permissions the service cannot run in the foreground// Consider informing user or updating your app UI if visible.stopSelf()return}try{valnotification=NotificationCompat.Builder(this,"CHANNEL_ID")// Create the notification to display while the service is running.build()ServiceCompat.startForeground(/* service = */this,/* id = */100,// Cannot be 0/* notification = */notification,/* foregroundServiceType = */if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=Build.VERSION_CODES.R){ServiceInfo.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA}else{0},)}catch(e:Exception){if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=Build.VERSION_CODES.S&&eisForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException){// App not in a valid state to start foreground service// (e.g. started from bg)}// ...}}}
Java
publicclassMyCameraServiceextendsService{privatevoidstartForeground(){// Before starting the service as foreground check that the app has the// appropriate runtime permissions. In this case, verify that the user// has granted the CAMERA permission.intcameraPermission=ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,Manifest.permission.CAMERA);if(cameraPermission==PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED){// Without camera permissions the service cannot run in the// foreground. Consider informing user or updating your app UI if// visible.stopSelf();return;}try{Notificationnotification=newNotificationCompat.Builder(this,"CHANNEL_ID")// Create the notification to display while the service// is running.build();inttype=0;if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=Build.VERSION_CODES.R){type=ServiceInfo.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA;}ServiceCompat.startForeground(/* service = */this,/* id = */100,// Cannot be 0/* notification = */notification,/* foregroundServiceType = */type);}catch(Exceptione){if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=Build.VERSION_CODES.S&&einstanceofForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException){// App not in a valid state to start foreground service// (e.g started from bg)}// ...}}//...}
Points clés concernant le code
L'application a déjà déclaré dans le fichier manifeste qu'elle avait besoin de l'autorisation CAMERA. Toutefois, l'application doit également vérifier au moment de l'exécution que l'utilisateur a accordé cette autorisation. Si l'application ne dispose pas des autorisations appropriées, elle doit en informer l'utilisateur.
Différents types de services de premier plan ont été introduits avec différentes versions de la plate-forme Android. Ce code vérifie la version d'Android sur laquelle il s'exécute et demande les autorisations appropriées.
Le code recherche ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException au cas où il tenterait de démarrer un service de premier plan dans une situation non autorisée (par exemple, s'il tente de promouvoir le service au premier plan alors que l'application est en arrière-plan).
Le contenu et les exemples de code de cette page sont soumis aux licences décrites dans la Licence de contenu. Java et OpenJDK sont des marques ou des marques déposées d'Oracle et/ou de ses sociétés affiliées.
Dernière mise à jour le 2025/08/27 (UTC).
[[["Facile à comprendre","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["J'ai pu résoudre mon problème","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Autre","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Il n'y a pas l'information dont j'ai besoin","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["Trop compliqué/Trop d'étapes","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["Obsolète","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["Problème de traduction","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Mauvais exemple/Erreur de code","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["Autre","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Dernière mise à jour le 2025/08/27 (UTC)."],[],[],null,["There are two steps to launching a foreground service from your app. First, you\nmust start the service by calling\n[`context.startForegroundService()`](/reference/android/content/Context#startForegroundService(android.content.Intent)). Then, have the\nservice call [`ServiceCompat.startForeground()`](/reference/androidx/core/app/ServiceCompat#startForeground(android.app.Service,int,android.app.Notification,int)) to promote\nitself into a foreground service.\n\nPrerequisites\n\nDepending on which API level your app targets, there are some restrictions on\nwhen an app can launch a foreground service.\n\n- Apps that target Android 12 (API level 31) or higher are not allowed to\n start a foreground service while the app is in the background, with a few\n specific exceptions. For more information, and information about the\n exceptions to this rule, see [Restrictions on starting a foreground service\n from the background](/develop/background-work/services/fgs/restrictions-bg-start).\n\n- Apps that target Android 14 (API level 34) or higher must request the\n appropriate\n permissions for the foreground service type. When the app attempts to\n promote a service to the foreground, the system checks for the appropriate\n permissions and throws throws [`SecurityException`](/reference/java/lang/SecurityException) if\n the app is missing any. For example, if you try to launch a foreground\n service of type `location`, the system checks to make sure your app already\n has either the `ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION` or `ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION`\n permission. The [foreground service type](/develop/background-work/services/fgs/service-types) documentation lists the\n required prerequisites for each foreground service type.\n\nLaunch a service\n\nIn order to launch a foreground service, you must first launch it as an\nordinary (non-foreground) service: \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\nval intent = Intent(...) // Build the intent for the service\ncontext.startForegroundService(intent)\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\nContext context = getApplicationContext();\nIntent intent = new Intent(...); // Build the intent for the service\ncontext.startForegroundService(intent);\n```\n\nKey points about the code\n\n- The code snippet launches a service. However, the service is not yet running in the foreground. Inside the service itself, you need to call `ServiceCompat.startForeground()` to promote the service to a foreground service.\n\nPromote a service to the foreground\n\nOnce a service is running, you need to call\n[`ServiceCompat.startForeground()`](/reference/androidx/core/app/ServiceCompat#startForeground(android.app.Service,int,android.app.Notification,int)) to request that the service\nrun in the foreground. Ordinarily you would call this method in the service's\n[`onStartCommand()`](/reference/android/app/Service#onStartCommand(android.content.Intent,%20int,%20int)) method.\n\n`ServiceCompat.startForeground()` takes the following parameters:\n\n- The service.\n- A positive integer that uniquely identifies the service's notification in the status bar.\n- The [`Notification`](/reference/android/app/Notification) object itself.\n- The [foreground service type or types](/develop/background-work/services/fgs/service-types) identifying the work done by the service\n\n| **Note:** If you pass a foreground service type to `startForeground` that you did not declare in the manifest, the system throws `IllegalArgumentException`.\n\nThe foreground service types you pass to `startForeground()`\n[types declared in the manifest](/develop/background-work/services/fgs/service-types#declare-fgs), depending on the specific\nuse case. Then, if you need to add more service types, you can call\n`startForeground()` again.\n\nFor example, suppose a fitness app runs a running-tracker service that always\nneeds `location` information, but might or might not need to play media. You\nwould need to declare both `location` and `mediaPlayback` in the manifest. If a\nuser starts a run and just wants their location tracked, your app should call\n`startForeground()` and pass just the `ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION` permission. Then,\nif the user wants to start playing audio, call `startForeground()` again and\npass the bitwise combination of all the foreground service types (in this case,\n`ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION|FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK`).\n| **Note:** The status bar notification must use a priority of [`PRIORITY_LOW`](/reference/androidx/core/app/NotificationCompat#PRIORITY_LOW) or higher. If your app attempts to use a notification that has a lower priority than `PRIORITY_LOW`, the system adds a message to the notification drawer, alerting the user to the app's use of a foreground service.\n\nThe following example shows the code a camera service would use to promote\nitself to a foreground service: \n\nKotlin \n\n```kotlin\nclass MyCameraService: Service() {\n\n private fun startForeground() {\n // Before starting the service as foreground check that the app has the\n // appropriate runtime permissions. In this case, verify that the user has\n // granted the CAMERA permission.\n val cameraPermission =\n PermissionChecker.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA)\n if (cameraPermission != PermissionChecker.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {\n // Without camera permissions the service cannot run in the foreground\n // Consider informing user or updating your app UI if visible.\n stopSelf()\n return\n }\n\n try {\n val notification = NotificationCompat.Builder(this, \"CHANNEL_ID\")\n // Create the notification to display while the service is running\n .build()\n ServiceCompat.startForeground(\n /* service = */ this,\n /* id = */ 100, // Cannot be 0\n /* notification = */ notification,\n /* foregroundServiceType = */\n if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT \u003e= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {\n ServiceInfo.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA\n } else {\n 0\n },\n )\n } catch (e: Exception) {\n if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT \u003e= Build.VERSION_CODES.S\n && e is ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException) {\n // App not in a valid state to start foreground service\n // (e.g. started from bg)\n }\n // ...\n }\n }\n}\n```\n\nJava \n\n```java\npublic class MyCameraService extends Service {\n\n private void startForeground() {\n // Before starting the service as foreground check that the app has the\n // appropriate runtime permissions. In this case, verify that the user\n // has granted the CAMERA permission.\n int cameraPermission =\n ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA);\n if (cameraPermission == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {\n // Without camera permissions the service cannot run in the\n // foreground. Consider informing user or updating your app UI if\n // visible.\n stopSelf();\n return;\n }\n\n try {\n Notification notification =\n new NotificationCompat.Builder(this, \"CHANNEL_ID\")\n // Create the notification to display while the service\n // is running\n .build();\n int type = 0;\n if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT \u003e= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {\n type = ServiceInfo.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA;\n }\n ServiceCompat.startForeground(\n /* service = */ this,\n /* id = */ 100, // Cannot be 0\n /* notification = */ notification,\n /* foregroundServiceType = */ type\n );\n } catch (Exception e) {\n if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT \u003e= Build.VERSION_CODES.S &&\n e instanceof ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException\n ) {\n // App not in a valid state to start foreground service\n // (e.g started from bg)\n }\n // ...\n }\n }\n\n //...\n}\n```\n\nKey points about the code\n\n- The app has already declared in the manifest that it needs the `CAMERA` permission. However, the app also has to check at runtime to make sure the user granted that permission. If the app does not actually have the correct permissions, it should let the user know about the problem.\n- Different foreground service types were introduced with different versions of the Android platform. This code checks what version of Android it's running on and requests the appropriate permissions.\n- The code checks for `ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException` in case it's trying to start a foreground service in a situation that's not allowed (for example, if it's trying to promote the service to the foreground [while\n the app is in the background](/develop/background-work/services/fgs/restrictions-bg-start))."]]