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Los tipos de servicio en primer plano son obligatorios

To help developers be more intentional with defining user-facing foreground services, Android 10 introduced the android:foregroundServiceType attribute within the <service> element.

If your app targets Android 14, it must specify appropriate foreground service types. As in previous versions of Android, multiple types can be combined. This list shows the foreground service types to choose from:

If a use case in your app isn't associated with any of these types, we strongly recommend that you migrate your logic to use WorkManager or user-initiated data transfer jobs.

The health, remoteMessaging, shortService, specialUse, and systemExempted types are new in Android 14.

The following code snippet provides an example of a foreground service type declaration in the manifest:

<manifest ...>
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK" />
    <application ...>
      <service
          android:name=".MyMediaPlaybackService"
          android:foregroundServiceType="mediaPlayback"
          android:exported="false">
      </service>
    </application>
</manifest>

If an app that targets Android 14 doesn't define types for a given service in the manifest, then the system will raise MissingForegroundServiceTypeException upon calling startForeground() for that service.

Declara un nuevo permiso para usar tipos de servicio en primer plano

If apps that target Android 14 use a foreground service, they must declare a specific permission, based on the foreground service type, that Android 14 introduces. These permissions appear in the sections labeled "permission that you must declare in your manifest file" in the intended use cases and enforcement for each foreground service type section on this page.

All of the permissions are defined as normal permissions and are granted by default. Users cannot revoke these permissions.

Incluye el tipo de servicio en primer plano durante el tiempo de ejecución

La práctica recomendada para las aplicaciones que inician servicios en primer plano es usar la versión ServiceCompat de startForeground() (disponible en androidx-core 1.12 y versiones posteriores), en la que pasas un número entero a nivel de bits de los tipos de servicios en primer plano. Puedes pasar uno o más valores de tipo.

Por lo general, debes declarar solo los tipos necesarios para un caso de uso en particular. Esto facilita el cumplimiento de las expectativas del sistema para cada tipo de servicio en primer plano. En los casos en que un servicio en primer plano se inicia con varios tipos, el servicio en primer plano debe cumplir con los requisitos de aplicación de la plataforma de todos los tipos.

ServiceCompat.startForeground(0, notification, FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION)

Si no se especifica el tipo de servicio en primer plano en la llamada, el tipo se establece de forma predeterminada en los valores definidos en el manifiesto. Si no especificaste el tipo de servicio en el manifiesto, el sistema arroja MissingForegroundServiceTypeException.

Si el servicio en primer plano necesita nuevos permisos después de iniciarlo, debes volver a llamar a startForeground() y agregar los nuevos tipos de servicio. Por ejemplo, supongamos que una app de fitness ejecuta un servicio de seguimiento de actividades de correr que siempre necesita información de location, pero que puede necesitar o no permisos de media. Debes declarar location y mediaPlayback en el manifiesto. Si un usuario inicia una actividad de correr y solo quiere que se haga un seguimiento de su ubicación, tu app debe llamar a startForeground() y pasar solo el tipo de servicio location. Luego, si el usuario quiere comenzar a reproducir audio, vuelve a llamar a startForeground() y pasa location|mediaPlayback.

Verificaciones del tiempo de ejecución del sistema

The system checks for proper use of foreground service types and confirms that the app has requested the proper runtime permissions or uses the required APIs. For instance, the system expects apps that use the foreground service type FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION type to request either ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION or ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION.

This implies that apps must follow a very specific order of operations when requesting permissions from the user and starting foreground services. Permissions must be requested and granted before the app attempts to call startForeground(). Apps that request the appropriate permissions after the foreground service has been started must change this order of operations and request the permission before starting the foreground service.

The specifics of platform enforcement appear in the sections labeled "runtime requirements" in the intended use cases and enforcement for each foreground service type section on this page.

Casos de uso previstos y aplicación forzosa para cada tipo de servicio en primer plano

Para usar un tipo determinado de servicio en primer plano, debes declarar un permiso particular en tu archivo de manifiesto, además de cumplir con requisitos específicos del tiempo de ejecución. Tu app también debe cumplir con uno de los conjuntos de casos de uso previstos para ese tipo. En las siguientes secciones, se explica el permiso que debes declarar, los requisitos previos del tiempo de ejecución y los casos de uso previstos para cada tipo.

Cámara

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under android:foregroundServiceType

camera

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA

Runtime prerequisites

Request and be granted the CAMERA runtime permission

Note: The CAMERA runtime permission is subject to while-in-use restrictions. For this reason, you cannot create a camera foreground service while your app is in the background, with a few exceptions. For more information, see Restrictions on starting foreground services that need while-in-use permissions.

Description

Continue to access the camera from the background, such as video chat apps that allow for multitasking.

Dispositivo conectado

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

connectedDevice

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE

Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

Declare at least one of the following permissions in your manifest:
Request and be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:
Call UsbManager.requestPermission()

Description

Interactions with external devices that require a Bluetooth, NFC, IR, USB, or network connection.

Alternatives

If your app needs to do continuous data transfer to an external device, consider using the companion device manager instead. Use the companion device presence API to help your app stay running while the companion device is in range.

If your app needs to scan for bluetooth devices, consider using the Bluetooth scan API instead.

Sincronización de datos

Tipo de servicio en primer plano que se declarará en el manifiesto en

android:foregroundServiceType

dataSync

Permiso para declarar en tu manifiesto

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC

Constante para pasar a startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC

Requisitos previos del entorno de ejecución

Ninguno

Descripción

Operaciones de transferencia de datos, como las siguientes:

Sube o descarga de datos
Operaciones de copia de seguridad y restablecimiento
Operaciones de importación o exportación
Cómo obtener datos
Procesamiento de archivos locales
Cómo transferir datos entre un dispositivo y la nube a través de una red

Alternativas

Consulta Alternativas a los servicios en primer plano de sincronización de datos para obtener información detallada.

Salud

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

health

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH

Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

Declare the HIGH_SAMPLING_RATE_SENSORS permission in your manifest.
Request and be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:
- BODY_SENSORS on API level 35 and lower
- READ_HEART_RATE
- READ_SKIN_TEMPERATURE
- READ_OXYGEN_SATURATION
- ACTIVITY_RECOGNITION

Note: The BODY_SENSORS and sensor-based READ runtime permissions are subject to while-in-use restrictions. For this reason, you cannot create a health foreground service that uses body sensors while your app is in the background unless you've been granted the BODY_SENSORS_BACKGROUND (API level 33 to 35) or READ_HEALTH_DATA_IN_BACKGROUND (API level 36 and higher) permissions. For more information, see Restrictions on starting foreground services that need while-in-use permissions.

Description

Any long-running use cases to support apps in the fitness category such as exercise trackers.

Ubicación

Tipo de servicio en primer plano que se declarará en el manifiesto en

android:foregroundServiceType

location

Permiso para declarar en tu manifiesto

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION

Constante para pasar a startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION

Requisitos previos del entorno de ejecución

El usuario debe haber habilitado los servicios de ubicación, y la app debe tener al menos uno de los siguientes permisos de tiempo de ejecución:

Nota: Para verificar que el usuario habilitó los servicios de ubicación y otorgó acceso a los permisos de tiempo de ejecución, usa PermissionChecker#checkSelfPermission().

Nota: Los permisos de tiempo de ejecución de la ubicación están sujetos a restricciones durante el uso. Por este motivo, no puedes crear un servicio en primer plano location mientras la app está en segundo plano, a menos que se te haya otorgado el permiso de tiempo de ejecución ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION. Para obtener más información, consulta Restricciones para iniciar servicios en primer plano que necesitan permisos durante el uso.

Descripción

Casos de uso de larga duración que requieren acceso a la ubicación, como la navegación y el uso compartido de la ubicación

Alternativas

Si tu app debe activarse cuando el usuario llega a ubicaciones específicas, considera usar la API de geovallado.

Contenido multimedia

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType: mediaPlayback
Permission to declare in your manifest: FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
Constant to pass to startForeground(): FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
Runtime prerequisites: None
Description: Continue audio or video playback from the background. Support Digital Video Recording (DVR) functionality on Android TV.
Alternatives: If you're showing picture-in-picture video, use Picture-in-Picture mode.

Proyección de contenido multimedia

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType: mediaProjection
Permission to declare in your manifest: FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
Constant to pass to startForeground(): FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
Runtime prerequisites: Call the createScreenCaptureIntent() method before starting the foreground service. Doing so shows a permission notification to the user; the user must grant the permission before you can create the service.; After you have created the foreground service, you can call MediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection().
Description: Project content to non-primary display or external device using the MediaProjection APIs. This content doesn't have to be exclusively media content.
Alternatives: To stream media to another device, use the Google Cast SDK.

Micrófono

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

microphone

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE

Runtime prerequisites

Request and be granted the RECORD_AUDIO runtime permission.

Note: The RECORD_AUDIO runtime permission is subject to while-in-use restrictions. For this reason, you cannot create a microphone foreground service while your app is in the background, with a few exceptions. For more information, see Restrictions on starting foreground services that need while-in-use permissions.

Description

Continue microphone capture from the background, such as voice recorders or communication apps.

Llamada telefónica

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

phoneCall

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL

Runtime prerequisites

At least one of these conditions must be true:

App has declared the MANAGE_OWN_CALLS permission in its manifest file.

App is the default dialer app through the ROLE_DIALER role.

Description

Continue an ongoing call using the ConnectionService APIs.

Alternatives

If you need to make phone, video, or VoIP calls, consider using the android.telecom library.

Consider using CallScreeningService to screen calls.

Mensajería remota

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType: remoteMessaging
Permission to declare in your manifest: FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
Constant to pass to startForeground(): FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
Runtime prerequisites: None
Description: Transfer text messages from one device to another. Assists with continuity of a user's messaging tasks when they switch devices.

Servicio corto

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

shortService

Permission to declare in your manifest

None

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE

Runtime prerequisites

None

Description

Quickly finish critical work that cannot be interrupted or postponed.

This type has some unique characteristics:

Can only run for a short period of time (about 3 minutes).
No support for sticky foreground services.
Cannot start other foreground services.
Doesn't require a type-specific permission, though it still requires the FOREGROUND_SERVICE permission.
A shortService can only change to another service type if the app is currently eligible to start a new foreground service.
A foreground service can change its type to shortService at any time, at which point the timeout period begins.

The timeout for shortService begins from the moment that Service.startForeground() is called. The app is expected to call Service.stopSelf() or Service.stopForeground() before the timeout occurs. Otherwise, the new Service.onTimeout() is called, giving apps a brief opportunity to call stopSelf() or stopForeground() to stop their service.

A short time after Service.onTimeout() is called, the app enters a cached state and is no longer considered to be in the foreground, unless the user is actively interacting with the app. A short time after the app is cached and the service has not stopped, the app receives an ANR. The ANR message mentions FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE. For these reasons, it's considered best practice to implement the Service.onTimeout() callback.

The Service.onTimeout() callback doesn't exist on Android 13 and lower. If the same service runs on such devices, it doesn't receive a timeout, nor does it ANR. Make sure that your service stops as soon as it finishes the processing task, even if it hasn't received the Service.onTimeout() callback yet.

It's important to note that if the timeout of the shortService is not respected, the app will ANR even if it has other valid foreground services or other app lifecycle processes running.

If an app is visible to the user or satisfies one of the exemptions that allow foreground services to be started from the background, calling Service.StartForeground() again with the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE parameter extends the timeout by another 3 minutes. If the app isn't visible to the user and doesn't satisfy one of the exemptions, any attempt to start another foreground service, regardless of type, causes a ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

If a user disables battery optimization for your app, it's still affected by the timeout of shortService FGS.

If you start a foreground service that includes the shortService type and another foreground service type, the system ignores the shortService type declaration. However, the service must still adhere to the prerequisites of the other declared types. For more information, see the Foreground services documentation.

Uso especial

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

specialUse

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE

Runtime prerequisites

None

Description

Covers any valid foreground service use cases that aren't covered by the other foreground service types.

In addition to declaring the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE foreground service type, developers should declare use cases in the manifest. To do so, they specify the <property> element within the <service> element. These values and corresponding use cases are reviewed when you submit your app in the Google Play Console. The use cases you provide are free-form, and you should make sure to provide enough information to let the reviewer see why you need to use the specialUse type.

<service android:name="fooService" android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse">
  <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE"
      android:value="explanation_for_special_use"/>
</service>

Sistema exento

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

systemExempted

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED

Runtime prerequisites

None

Description

Reserved for system applications and specific system integrations, to continue to use foreground services.

To use this type, an app must meet at least one of the following criteria:

Device is in demo mode state
App is a Device Owner
App is a Profiler Owner
Safety Apps that have the ROLE_EMERGENCY role
Device Admin apps
Apps holding SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM or USE_EXACT_ALARM permission and are using Foreground Service to continue alarms in the background, including haptics-only alarms.
VPN apps (configured using Settings > Network & Internet > VPN)

Otherwise, declaring this type causes the system to throw a ForegroundServiceTypeNotAllowedException.

Aplicación forzosa de las políticas de Google Play para usar tipos de servicios en primer plano

Si tu app se segmenta para Android 14 o versiones posteriores, deberás declarar los tipos de servicios en primer plano de la app en la página Contenido de la app de Play Console (Política > Contenido de la app). Para obtener más información sobre cómo declarar los tipos de servicios en primer plano en Play Console, consulta Información sobre los requisitos de los intents de pantalla completa y los servicios en primer plano.

Los tipos de servicio en primer plano son obligatorios Organiza tus páginas con colecciones Guarda y categoriza el contenido según tus preferencias.

Declara un nuevo permiso para usar tipos de servicio en primer plano

Incluye el tipo de servicio en primer plano durante el tiempo de ejecución

Verificaciones del tiempo de ejecución del sistema

Casos de uso previstos y aplicación forzosa para cada tipo de servicio en primer plano

Cámara

Dispositivo conectado

Sincronización de datos

Salud

Ubicación

Contenido multimedia

Proyección de contenido multimedia

Micrófono

Llamada telefónica

Mensajería remota

Servicio corto

Uso especial

Sistema exento

Aplicación forzosa de las políticas de Google Play para usar tipos de servicios en primer plano

Los tipos de servicio en primer plano son obligatorios