This page provides information on changes in all released stable versions of the NDK. To download the latest stable version of the NDK or any currently available beta version, see the NDK downloads page.
See the android-ndk-announce Google Group for more complete information, and subscribe to receive release announcements.
Android NDK r27 LTS (July 2024)
Changelog- Downloads
-
- Downloads for this release are available here.
Android NDK r26 LTS (September 2023)
Changelog- Downloads
-
- Downloads for this release are available here.
- Announcements
-
- KitKat (APIs 19 and 20) is no longer supported.
Android NDK r25 LTS (July 2022)
Changelog- Downloads
-
- Downloads for this release are available here.
- Announcements
-
- Includes Android 13 APIs.
- Updated LLVM to clang-r450784d, based on LLVM 14 development.
Android NDK r24 (March 2022)
Changelog- Downloads
-
- Downloads for this release are available here.
- Announcements
-
-
The GNU Assembler (GAS), has been removed. If you were building with
-fno-integrated-as
you'll need to remove that flag. See Clang Migration Notes for advice on making assembly compatible with LLVM. - GDB has been removed. Use LLDB instead. Note that ndk-gdb uses LLDB by default, and Android Studio has only ever supported LLDB.
- Jelly Bean (APIs 16, 17, and 18) is no longer supported. The minimum OS supported by the NDK is KitKat (API level 19).
- Non-Neon devices are no longer supported. A very small number of very old devices do not support Neon so most apps will not notice aside from the performance improvement.
- RenderScript build support has been removed. RenderScript was deprecated in Android 12. If you have not finished migrating your apps away from RenderScript, NDK r23 LTS can be used.
-
The GNU Assembler (GAS), has been removed. If you were building with
Android NDK r23 LTS (August 2021)
Changelog- Downloads
-
- Downloads for this release are available here.
- Announcements
-
-
GNU binutils, excluding the GNU Assembler (GAS), has been removed. GAS
will be removed in the next release. If you are building with
-fno-integrated-as
, file bugs if anything is preventing you from removing that flag. -
Support for GDB has ended. GDB will be removed from the next release.
Use LLDB instead. Note that
ndk-gdb
uses LLDB by default. - NDK r23 is the last release that will support non-Neon. Beginning with NDK r24, the armeabi-v7a libraries in the sysroot will be built with Neon. A very small number of very old devices do not support Neon so most apps will not notice aside from the performance improvement.
- Jelly Bean (APIs 16, 17, and 18) will not be supported in the next NDK release. The minimum OS supported by the NDK for r24 will be KitKat (API level 19).
-
GNU binutils, excluding the GNU Assembler (GAS), has been removed. GAS
will be removed in the next release. If you are building with
Android NDK r22b (March 2021)
Changelog- Downloads
-
- Downloads for this release are available here.
- Announcements
-
-
GNU binutils is deprecated and will be removed in an upcoming NDK
release. Note that the GNU assembler (
as
) is a part of this. If you are building with-fno-integrated-as
, file bugs if anything is preventing you from removing that flag. If you're usingas
directly, useclang
instead. - LLD is now the default linker. ndk-build and our CMake toolchain file have also migrated to using llvm-ar and llvm-strip.
- ndk-gdb now uses lldb as the debugger. gdb is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. To fall back to gdb, use --no-lldb option. But please file a bug explaining why you couldn't use lldb.
-
std::filesystem
support is now included. There are two known issues:-
Issue
1258:
std::filesystem::perm_options::nofollow
may not be honored on old devices. -
Issue
1260:
std::filesystem::canonical
will incorrectly succeed when passed a non-existent path on old devices.
-
Issue
1258:
-
GNU binutils is deprecated and will be removed in an upcoming NDK
release. Note that the GNU assembler (
Android NDK r21e LTS (January 2021)
Changelog- Downloads
-
- Downloads for this release are available here.
- Announcements
-
-
32-bit Windows is no longer supported. This does not affect the vast majority of users. If you do still need to build NDK apps from 32-bit versions of Windows, continue using NDK r20.
For more information on this change within Android Developer tools, see the blog post on the topic.
-
LLD is now available for testing.
AOSP has switched to using LLD by default and the NDK will follow
(timeline unknown). Test LLD in your app by passing
-fuse-ld=lld
when linking. Note that Issue 843 will affect builds using LLD with binutils strip and objcopy as opposed to llvm-strip and llvm-objcopy. -
The legacy toolchain install paths will be removed over the coming
releases. These paths have been obsolete since NDK r19 and take up a
considerable amount of space in the NDK. The paths being removed are:
- platforms
- sources/cxx-stl
- sysroot
- toolchains (with the exception of toolchains/llvm)
make_standalone_toolchain.py
users (though that script has been unnecessary since r19). For information on migrating away from the legacy toolchain layout, see the Build System Maintainers Guide for the NDK version you're using. - The Play Store will require 64-bit support when uploading an APK beginning in August 2019. Start porting now to avoid surprises when the time comes. For more information, see this blog post.
- A macOS app bundle that is signed and notarized is now available for download from our wiki and our website. Note that because only bundles may use RPATHs and pass notarization, the traditional NDK package for macOS cannot be notarized. The SDK will continue to use the traditional package as the app bundle requires layout changes that would make it incompatible with Android Studio. The NDK is not quarantined when it is downloaded via the SDK manager, so is currently allowed by Gatekeeper. The SDK manager is currently the most reliable way to get the NDK for macOS.
-
Android NDK r20b (June 2019)
Changelog- Downloads
-
- Downloads for this release are available here.
- Announcements
-
-
LLD is now available for testing.
AOSP is in the process of switching to using LLD by default and the
NDK will follow (timeline unknown). Test LLD in your app by passing
-fuse-ld=lld
when linking. - The Play Store will require 64-bit support when uploading an APK beginning in August 2019. Start porting now to avoid surprises when the time comes. For more information, see this blog post.
- Added Android Q APIs.
-
LLD is now available for testing.
AOSP is in the process of switching to using LLD by default and the
NDK will follow (timeline unknown). Test LLD in your app by passing
Android NDK r19c (January 2019)
Changelog- Downloads
-
- Downloads for this release are available here.
- Announcements
-
-
Developers should begin testing their apps with LLD. AOSP has switched to using
LLD by default and the NDK will use it by default in the next
release. BFD and Gold will be removed once LLD has been through a
release cycle with no major unresolved issues (estimated r21). Test
LLD in your app by passing
-fuse-ld=lld
when linking. Note: lld does not currently support compressed symbols on Windows. Issue 888. Clang also cannot generate compressed symbols on Windows, but this can be a problem when using artifacts built from Darwin or Linux. - The Play Store will require 64-bit support when uploading an APK beginning in August 2019. Start porting now to avoid surprises when the time comes. For more information, see this blog post.
-
Issue 780:
Standalone
toolchains are now unnecessary. Clang, binutils, the sysroot,
and other toolchain pieces are now all installed to
$NDK/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/<host-tag>
and Clang will automatically find them. Instead of creating a standalone toolchain for API 26 ARM, instead invoke the compiler directly from the NDK: For r19 the toolchain is also installed to the old path to give build systems a chance to adapt to the new layout. The old paths will be removed in r20. The$ $NDK/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/
/bin/armv7a-linux-androideabi26-clang++ src.cpp make_standalone_toolchain.py
script will not be removed. It is now unnecessary and will emit a warning with the above information, but the script will remain to preserve existing workflows. If you're using ndk-build, CMake, or a standalone toolchain, there should be no change to your workflow. This change is meaningful for maintainers of third-party build systems, who should now be able to delete some Android-specific code. For more information, see the Build System Maintainers guide. - ndk-depends has been removed. We believe that ReLinker is a better solution to native library loading issues on old Android versions.
- Issue 862: The GCC wrapper scripts which redirected to Clang have been removed, as they are not functional enough to be drop in replacements.
-
Developers should begin testing their apps with LLD. AOSP has switched to using
LLD by default and the NDK will use it by default in the next
release. BFD and Gold will be removed once LLD has been through a
release cycle with no major unresolved issues (estimated r21). Test
LLD in your app by passing
Android NDK r18b (September 2018)
Changelog- Downloads
-
- Downloads for this release are available here.
- Announcements
-
- GCC has been removed.
-
LLD is now available for testing.
AOSP is in the process of switching to using LLD by default and the
NDK will follow (timeline unknown). Test LLD in your app by passing
-fuse-ld=lld
when linking. - gnustl, gabi++, and stlport have been removed.
- Support for ICS (android-14 and android-15) has been removed. Apps using executables no longer need to provide both a PIE and non-PIE executable.
- The Play Store will require 64-bit support when uploading an APK beginning in August 2019. Start porting now to avoid surprises when the time comes. For more information, see this blog post.
Android NDK r17c (June 2018)
Changelog- Downloads
-
- Downloads for this release are available here.
- Announcements
-
- GCC is no longer supported. It will be removed in NDK r18.
-
libc++ is now the default STL for CMake and standalone toolchains. If
you manually selected a different STL, we strongly encourage you to
move to
libc++
. Note that ndk-build still defaults to no STL. For more details, see this blog post. - gnustl and stlport are deprecated and will be removed in NDK r18.
- Support for ARMv5 (armeabi), MIPS, and MIPS64 has been removed. Attempting to build any of these ABIs will result in an error.
- Support for ICS (android-14 and android-15) will be removed from r18.
- The Play Store will require 64-bit support when uploading an APK beginning in August 2019. Start porting now to avoid surprises when the time comes. For more information, see this blog post.
Android NDK r16b (December 2017)
Changelog- Downloads
- Downloads for this release are available here.
- Announcements
-
- The deprecated headers have been removed. Unified Headers are now simply "The Headers". For migration tips, see Unified Headers Migration Notes.
- GCC is no longer supported. It will not be removed from the NDK just yet, but is no longer receiving backports. It cannot be removed until after libc++ has become stable enough to be the default, as some parts of gnustl are still incompatible with Clang. It will be removed when the other STLs are removed in r18.
libc++
is out of beta and is now the preferred STL in the NDK. Starting in r17,libc++
is the default STL for CMake and standalone toolchains. If you manually selected a different STL, we strongly encourage you to move tolibc++
. For more details, see this blog post.- Support for ARM5 (armeabi), MIPS, and MIPS64 are deprecated. They will no longer build by default with ndk-build, but are still buildable if they are explicitly named, and will be included by "all", "all32", and "all64". Support for each of these has been removed in r17. Both CMake and ndk-build will issue a warning if you target any of these ABIs.
- APIs
-
Added native APIs for Android 8.1. To learn more about these APIs, see the Native APIs overview.
For additional information about what's new and changed in this release, see this changelog.
Android NDK r15c (July 2017)
Changelog- Downloads
- Downloads for this release are available here.
- Announcements
-
- Unified headers are enabled by default. To learn how to use these headers, see Unified Headers.
- GCC is no longer supported. It is not removed from NDK yet, but is no longer receiving backports. It cannot be removed until after libc++ stabilizes enough to be the default, as some parts of gnustl are still incompatible with Clang.
- Android 2.3 (
android-9
) is no longer supported. The minimum API level target in the NDK is now Android 4.0 (android-14
). If yourAPP_PLATFORM
is set lower thanandroid-14
,android-14
is used instead. - CMake in NDK now supports building assembly code written in YASM to run on x86 and x86-64 architectures. To learn more, see Building assembly code.
Note: The deprecated headers will be removed in an upcoming release. If you encounter any issues with these headers, please file a bug.
For migration tips, see the unified headers migration notes.
- APIs
-
Added native APIs for Android 8.0. To learn more about these APIs, see the Native APIs overview.
For additional information about what's new and changed in this release, see this changelog.
Android NDK r14b (March 2017)
Changelog- Downloads
- Downloads for this release are available here.
- Announcements
-
- Unified headers: This release introduces platform headers that are synchronized
and kept always up-to-date and accurate with the Android platform. Header-only bug fixes now
affect all API levels. The introduction of unified headers fixes inconsistencies in earlier NDK
releases, such as:
- Headers in M and N were actually headers for L.
- Function declarations in headers did not match their platform levels correctly; headers declared non-existent functions or failed to declare available functions.
- Several of the old API levels had missing or incorrect constants that were in newer API levels.
These new unified headers are not enabled by default. To learn how to enable and use these headers, see Unified Headers.
- GCC deprecation: This release ends active support for GCC. GCC is not removed from the NDK just yet, but will no longer receive backports. As some parts of gnustl are still incompatible with Clang, GCC won't be entirely removed until after libc++ has become stable enough to be the default.
- Unified headers: This release introduces platform headers that are synchronized
and kept always up-to-date and accurate with the Android platform. Header-only bug fixes now
affect all API levels. The introduction of unified headers fixes inconsistencies in earlier NDK
releases, such as:
For additional information about what's new and changed in this release, see this changelog.
Android NDK r13b (October 2016)
- Downloads
- Downloads for this release are archived here.
- Announcements
-
- GCC is no longer supported. It will not be removed from the NDK just yet, but is no longer receiving backports. It cannot be removed until after libc++ has become stable enough to be the default, as some parts of gnustl are still incompatible with Clang. It will likely be removed after that point.
- Added simpleperf, a CPU profiler for Android.
- r13b
-
-
Additional fixes for missing
__cxa_bad_cast
.
-
Additional fixes for missing
- NDK
-
NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION
now defaults to Clang.- libc++ has been updated to r263688.
- We've reset to a (nearly) clean upstream. This should remove a number of bugs, but we still need to clean up libandroid_support before we will recommend it as the default.
-
make-standalone-toolchain.sh
is now simply a wrapper around the Python version of the tool. There are a few behavioral differences. See the commit message for details. - Some libraries for unsupported ABIs have been removed (mips64r2, mips32r6, mips32r2, and x32). There might still be some stragglers.
- Issues with crtbegin_static.o that resulted in missing atexit at link time when building a static executable for ARM android-21+ have been resolved: Issue 132
- Added CMake toolchain file in build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake.
- Known Issues
-
- This is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all outstanding bugs.
- Standlone toolchains using libc++ and GCC do not work. This seems to be a bug in GCC. See the commit message for more details.
- Bionic headers and libraries for Marshmallow and N are not yet exposed despite the presence of android-24. Those platforms are still the Lollipop headers and libraries (not a regression from r11).
- RenderScript tools are not present (not a regression from r11): Issue 7.
Android NDK r12b (June 2016)
- Downloads
- Downloads for this release are archived here.
- Announcements
- The
ndk-build
command defaults to using Clang in r13. We will remove GCC in a subsequent release. - The
make-standalone-toolchain.sh
script will be removed in r13. Make suremake_standalone_toolchain.py
suits your needs. - Report issues to GitHub.
- We have fixed
ndk-gdb.py
. (Issue 118) -
We have updated
NdkCameraMetadataTags.h
so that it no longer contain an invalid enum value. - A bug in ndk-build that resulting in spurious warnings for static libraries using libc++ has been fixed. For more information about this change, see the comments here.
- The OpenSLES headers have been updated for android-24.
- NDK
- We removed support for the armeabi-v7a-hard ABI. For more information, see this explanation.
- Removed all sysroots for pre-GB platform levels. We dropped support for them in r11, but neglected to actually remove them.
- Exception handling when using c++_shared on ARM32 now mostly works. The unwinder will now be linked into each linked object rather than into libc++ itself. For more information about this exception handling, see Known Issues.
- Default compiler flags have been pruned.
(Issue 27).
- For complete information about these changes, see this change list.
- Added a Python implementation of standalone toolchains:
build/tools/make_standalone_toolchain.py
.- Windows users no longer need Cygwin to use this feature.
- We'll be removing the bash flavor in r13, so test the new one now.
-fno-limit-debug-info
has been enabled by default for Clang debug builds. This change should improve debugability with LLDB.--build-id
is now enabled by default.- Build ID will now be shown in native crash reports so you can easily identify which version of your code was running.
NDK_USE_CYGPATH
should no longer cause problems with libgcc. (Android Issue 195486)- The
-Wl
,--warn-shared-textrel
, and-Wl,--fatal-warnings
options are now enabled by default. If you have shared text relocations, your app cannot load on Android 6.0 (API level 23) or higher. Text relocations have never been allowed for 64-bit apps. - Precompiled headers should work better. (Issue 14 and Issue 16)
- Removed unreachable ARM (non-thumb) STL libraries.
- Added Vulkan support to android-24.
- Added Choreographer API to android-24.
- Added
libcamera2
APIs for devices withINFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL_LIMITED
or above. For more information, see Camera Characteristics. - Clang
- Clang has been updated to 3.8svn (r256229, build 2812033).
- The
clang.exe
andclang++.exe
executables in the 32-bit Windows package are actually 64-bit. The 32-bit executable is namedclang_32.exe
.
- The
- GCC
- Synchronized with the ChromeOS GCC @ google/gcc-4_9 r227810.
- Backported coverage sanitizer patch from ToT (r231296).
- Fixed libatomic to not use
ifuncs
. (Issue 31) - Binutils
- Silenced “Erratum 843419 found and fixed” info messages.
- Introduced option
--long-plt
to fix internal linker error that occurs when linking huge arm32 binaries. - Fixed wrong run time stubs for AArch64. This was causing jump addresses to be calculated incorrectly for very large DSOs.
- Introduced default option
--no-apply-dynamic
to work around a dynamic linker bug for earlier Android releases. - NDK r11 KI for
dynamic_cast
does not work with Clang. We have fixed x86,stlport_static
, and optimization. - GDB
- Updated to GDB 7.11. For more information, see the GDB News page.
- Some bugfixes for
ndk-gdb.py
. - Known Issues
- x86 ASAN still does not work. For more information see the discussion on this change list.
- Exception unwinding with
c++_shared
still does not work for ARM on Android 2.3 (API level 9) or Android 4.0 (API level 14). - Bionic headers and libraries for Android 6.0 (API level 23) and Android 7.0 (API level 24) are not yet exposed despite the presence of android-24. Those platforms are still the Android 5.0 (API level 21) headers and libraries (not a regression from r11).
- RenderScript tools are not present (not a regression from r11). (Issue 7)
- This changelog is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all outstanding bugs.
__thread
should work for real this time.
Android NDK r12 (June 2016)
- Downloads
- Downloads for this release are archived here.
- Announcements
- The
ndk-build
command will default to using Clang in an upcoming release. GCC will be removed in a later release. - The
make-standalone-toolchain.sh
script will be removed in an upcoming release. If you use this script, please plan to migrate to themake_standalone_toolchain.py
as soon as possible. - NDK
- Removed support for the armeabi-v7a-hard ABI. See the explanation in the documentation.
- Removed all sysroots for platform levels prior to Android 2.3 (API level 9). We dropped support for them in NDK r11, but neglected to actually remove them.
- Updated exception handling when using c++_shared on ARM32 so that it mostly works (see Known Issues). The unwinder is now linked into each linked object rather than into libc++ itself.
- Pruned the default compiler flags (NDK Issue 27). You can see details of this update in Change 207721.
- Added a Python implementation of standalone toolchains in
build/tools/make_standalone_toolchain.py
. On Windows, you no longer need Cygwin to use this feature. Note that the bash flavor will be removed in an upcoming release, so please test the new one now. - Configured Clang debug builds to have the
-fno-limit-debug-info
option is enabled by default. This change enables better debugging with LLDB. - Enabled the
--build-id
as a default option. This option causes an identifier to be shown in native crash reports so you can easily identify which version of your code was running. - Fixed issue with
NDK_USE_CYGPATH
so that it no longer causes problems with libgcc (Issue 195486). - Enabled the following options as default:
-Wl,--warn-shared-textrel
and-Wl,--fatal-warnings
. If you have shared text relocations, your app does not load on Android 6.0 (API level 23) and higher. Note that this configuration has never been allowed for 64-bit apps. - Fixed a few issues so that precompiled headers work better (NDK Issue 14, NDK Issue 16).
- Removed unreachable ARM (non-thumb) STL libraries.
- Added Vulkan support to android-24.
- Added Choreographer API to android-24.
- Added libcamera2 APIs for devices that support the
INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL_LIMITED
feature level or higher. For more information, see theCameraCharacteristics
reference. - Clang
- Clang has been updated to 3.8svn (r256229, build 2812033). The
clang.exe
andclang++.exe
executables in the 32-bit Windows package are actually 64-bit. The 32-bit executable is namedclang_32.exe
. - Fixed
__thread
so that it works for real this time. - GCC
- Synchronized the compiler with the ChromeOS GCC @ google/gcc-4_9 r227810.
- Backported coverage sanitizer patch from ToT (r231296).
- Fixed
libatomic
to not use ifuncs (NDK Issue 31). - Binutils
- Silenced the "Erratum 843419 found and fixed" info messages.
- Introduced option
--long-plt
to fix an internal linker error when linking huge arm32 binaries. - Fixed wrong run time stubs for
AArch64
. This problem was causing jump addresses to be calculated incorrectly for very large dynamic shared objects (DSOs). - Introduced default option
--no-apply-dynamic
to work around a dynamic linker bug for earlier Android releases. - Fixed a known issue with NDK r11 where
dynamic_cast
was not working with Clang, x86, stlport_static and optimization. - GDB
- Updated to GDB version 7.11. For more information about this release, see GDB News.
- Fixed a number of bugs in the
ndk-gdb.py
script. - Known Issues
- The x86 Address Sanitizer (ASAN) currently does not work. For more information, see Issue 186276.
- Exception unwinding with
c++_shared
does not work for ARM on Android 2.3 (API level 9) or Android 4.0 (API level 14). - Bionic headers and libraries for Android 6.0 (API level 23) and higher are not yet exposed despite the presence of android-24. Those platforms still have the Android 5.0 (API level 21) headers and libraries, which is consistent with NDK r11.
- The RenderScript tools are not present, which is consistent with NDK r11. (NDK Issue 7)
- In
NdkCameraMetadataTags.h
header file, the camera metadata tag enum valueACAMERA_STATISTICS_LENS_SHADING_CORRECTION_MAP
was listed by accident and will be removed in next release. Use theACAMERA_STATISTICS_LENS_SHADING_MAP
value instead.
Android NDK r11c (March 2016)
- Changes
- Applied additional fixes to the
ndk-gdb.py
script. - Added an optional package name argument to the
ndk-gdb
command--attach
option. (Issue 13) - Fixed invalid toolchain paths for 32-bit Windows platform. (Issue 45)
- Fixed the relative path for the
ndk-which
command. (Issue 29) - Fixed use of cygpath for the libgcc compiler. (Android Issue 195486)
Android NDK r11b (March 2016)
- NDK
-
- Important announcements
- We’ve moved our bug tracker to GitHub.
- Changes
ndk-gdb.py
is fixed. It had regressed entirely in r11.ndk-gdb
for Mac is fixed.- Added more top-level shortcuts for command line tools:
ndk-depends
.ndk-gdb
.ndk-stack
.ndk-which
. This command had been entirely absent from previous releases.
- Fixed standalone toolchains for libc++, which had been missing
__cxxabi_config.h
. - Fixed help documentation for
--toolchain
inmake-standalone-toolchain.sh
.
- Important announcements
- Clang
-
- Errata
- Contrary to what we reported in the r11 Release Notes,
__thread
does not work. This is because the version of Clang we ship is missing a bug fix for emulated TLS support.
Android NDK r11 (March 2016)
- Clang
-
- Important announcements
- We strongly recommend switching to Clang.
- Clang has been updated to 3.8svn (r243773, build 2481030).
- This version is a nearly pure upstream Clang.
- The Windows 64-bit downloadable NDK package contains a 32-bit version of Clang.
- Additions
- Clang now provides support for emulated TLS.
- The compiler now supports
__thread
by emulating ELF TLS with pthread thread-specific data. - C++11
thread_local
works in some cases, but not for data with non-trivial destructors, because those cases require support from libc. This limitation does not apply when running on Android 6.0 (API level 23) or newer. - Emulated TLS does not yet work with Aarch64 when TLS variables are accessed from a shared library.
- The compiler now supports
- Clang now provides support for emulated TLS.
- Important announcements
- GCC
-
- Important announcements
- GCC in the NDK is now deprecated in favor of Clang.
- The NDK will neither be upgrading to 5.x, nor accept non-critical backports.
- Maintenance for miscompiles and internal compiler errors in 4.9 will be handled on a case by case basis.
- Removals
- Removed GCC 4.8. All targets now use GCC 4.9.
- Other changes
- Synchronized google/gcc-4_9 to r224707. Previously, it had been synchronized with r214835.
- NDK
-
- Important announcements
- The samples are no longer included in the NDK package. They are instead available on GitHub.
- The documentation is no longer included in the NDK package. Instead, it is on the Android developer website.
- Additions
- Added a native tracing API to
android-23
. - Added a native multinetwork API to
android-23
. - Enabled libc, m, and dl to provide versioned symbols, starting from API level 21.
- Added Vulkan headers and library to API level N.
- Added a native tracing API to
- Removals
- Removed support for
_WCHAR_IS_8BIT
. - Removed sed.
- Removed mclinker.
- Removed Perl.
- Removed from all versions of NDK libc, m, and dl all symbols which the platform versions of those libs do not support.
- Partially removed support for mips64r2. The rest will be removed in the future.
- Removed support for
- Other changes
- Changed ARM standalone toolchains to default to arm7.
- You can restore the old behavior by passing specifying the
-target
option asarmv5te-linux-androideabi
.
- You can restore the old behavior by passing specifying the
- Changed the build system to use
-isystem
for platform includes.- Warnings that bionic causes no longer break app builds.
- Fixed a segfault that occurred when a binary threw exceptions via gabi++. (Issue 179410)
- Changed libc++’s inline namespace to
std::__ndk1
to prevent ODR issues with platform libc++. - All libc++ libraries are now built with libc++abi.
- Bumped default
APP_PLATFORM
to Gingerbread.- Expect support for Froyo and older to be dropped in a future release.
- Changed ARM standalone toolchains to default to arm7.
- Updated gabi++
_Unwind_Exception
struct for 64 bits. - Added the following capabilities to cpufeatures:
- Detect SSE4.1 and SSE4.2.
- Detect cpu features on x86_64.
- Updated libc++abi to upstream r231075.
- Updated
byteswap.h
,endian.h
,sys/procfs.h
,sys/ucontext.h
,sys/user.h
, anduchar.h
from ToT Bionic. - Synchronized
sys/cdefs.h
across all API levels. - Fixed
fegetenv and fesetenv
for arm. - Fix end pointer size/alignment of
crtend_*
for mips64 and x86_64.
- Important announcements
- Binutils
-
- Additions
- Added a new option:
--pic-veneer
.
- Added a new option:
- Removals
- The 32-bit Windows package no longer contains ld.gold. You can instead get ld.gold from the 64-bit Windows package.
- Changes
- Unified binutils source between Android and ChromiumOS. For more information on this change, see the comments here.
- Improved reliability of Gold for aarch64. Use
-fuse-ld=gold
at link time to use gold instead of bfd. The default will likely switch in the next release. - Improved linking time for huge binaries for Gold ARM back end (up to 50% linking time reduction for debuggable Chrome Browser).
- Additions
- GDB
-
- Removals
- Removed ndk-gdb in favor of ndk-gdb.py.
- Changes
- Updated gdb to version 7.10.
- Improved performance.
- Improved error messages.
- Fixed relative project paths.
- Stopped Ctrl-C from killing the backgrounded gdbserver.
- Improved Windows support.
- Removals
- YASM
-
- Changes
- Updated YASM to version 1.3.0.
- Changes
- Known issues
-
- x86 ASAN does not currently work. For more information, see the discussion here.
- The combination of Clang, x86, stlport_static, and optimization
levels higher than
-O0
causes test failures withdynamic_cast
. For more information, see the comments here. - Exception handling often fails with c++_shared on ARM32. The root cause is incompatibility between the LLVM unwinder that libc++abi uses for ARM32 and libgcc. This behavior is not a regression from r10e.
Android NDK r10e (May 2015)
- Downloads
- Downloads for this release are archived here.
- Important changes:
-
- Integrated the workaround for Cortex-A53 Erratum 843419 into the
aarch64-linux-android-4.9
linker. For more information on this workaround, see Workaround for cortex-a53 erratum 843419. - Added Clang 3.6;
NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang
now picks that version of Clang by default. - Removed Clang 3.4.
- Removed GCC 4.6.
- Implemented multithreading support in
ld.gold
for all architectures. It can now link with or without support for multithreading; the default is to do it without.- To compile with multithreading, use the
--threads
option. - To compile without multithreading, use the
--no-threads
option.
- To compile with multithreading, use the
- Upgraded GDB/gdbserver to 7.7 for all architectures.
- Removed the NDK package for 32-bit Darwin.
- Integrated the workaround for Cortex-A53 Erratum 843419 into the
- Important bug fixes:
-
- Fixed a crash that occurred when there were OpenMP loops outside of the main thread.
- Fixed a GCC 4.9 internal compiler error (ICE) that occurred when the user declared
#pragma GCC optimize ("O0")
, but had a different level of optimization specified on the command line. Thepragma
takes precedence. - Fixed an error that used to produce a crash with the following error message:
in add_stores, at var-tracking.c:6000
- Implemented a workaround for a Clang 3.5 issue in which LLVM auto-vectorization
generates
llvm.cttz.v2i64()
, an instruction with no counterpart in the ARM instruction set.
- Other bug fixes:
-
- Made the following header and library fixes:
- Fixed
PROPERTY_*
inmedia/NdkMediaDrm.h
. - Fixed
sys/ucontext.h
formips64
. - Dropped the Clang version check for
__builtin_isnan
and__builtin_isinf
. - Added
android-21/arch-mips/usr/include/asm/reg.h
andandroid-21/arch-mips64/usr/include/asm/reg.h
. - Fixed a spurious array-bounds warning that GCC 4.9 produced for x86, and reenabled the array bounds warning that GCC 4.9 had produced for ARM. The warning for ARM had previously been unconditionally disabled.
- Fixed Clang 3.5 for
mips
andmips64
to create a writable.gcc_except_table
section, thus matching GCC behavior. This change allows you to avoid the following linker warning:.../ld: warning: creating a DT_TEXTREL in a shared object
- Backported a fix for
compiler-rt
issues that were causing crashes when Clang compiled formips64
. For more information, see LLVM Issue 20098. - Fixed Clang 3.5 crashes that occurred on non-ASCII comments. (Issue 81440)
- Fixed
stlport collate::compare
to return-1
and1
. Previously, it had returned arbitrary signed numbers. - Fixed
ndk-gdb
for 64-bit ABIs. (Issue 118300) - Fixed the crash that the HelloComputeNDK sample for RenderScript was producing on Android 4.4 (Android API level 19). For more information, see this page.
- Fixed
libc++ __wrap_iter
for GCC. For more information, see LLVM Issue 22355. - Fixed
.asm
support for ABIx86_64
. - Implemented a workaround for the GCC 4.8
stlport
issue. (Issue 127773) - Removed the trailing directory separator
\\
from the project path in Windows. (Issue 160584) - Fixed a
no rule to make target
error that occurred when compiling a single.c
file by executing thendk-build.cmd
command fromgradle
. (Issue 66937) - Added the
libatomic.a
andlibgomp.a
libraries that had been missing from the following host toolchains:aarch64-linux-android-4.9
mips64el-linux-android-4.9
mipsel-linux-android-4.9
x86_64-4.9
- Other changes:
-
- Added
ld.gold
foraarch64
. The default linker remainsld.bfd
. To explicitly enableld.gold
, add-fuse-ld=gold
to theLOCAL_LDFLAGS
orAPP_LDFLAGS
variable. - Built the MIPS and MIPS64 toolchains with
binutils-2.25
, which provides improved R6 support. - Made
-fstandalone-debug
(full debug info) a default option for Clang. - Replaced
-fstack-protector
with-fstack-protector-strong
for the ARM, AArch64, X86, and X86_64 toolchains for GCC 4.9, Clang 3.5, and Clang 3.6. - Added the
--package
command-line switch tondk-gdb
to allow the build system to override the package name. (Issue 56189) - Deprecated
-mno-ldc1-stc1
for MIPS. This option may not work with the new-fpxx
and-mno-odd-spreg
options, or with the FPXX ABI. - Added MIPS MSA and R6 detection to
cpu-features
.
- Added
Android NDK r10d (December 2014)
- Important changes:
-
- Made GCC 4.8 the default for all 32-bit ABIs. Deprecated GCC 4.6, and
will remove it next release. To restore previous behavior, either add
NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=4.6
to ndk-build, or add--toolchain=arm-linux-androideabi-4.6
when executingmake-standalone-toolchain.sh
on the command line. GCC 4.9 remains the default for 64-bit ABIs. - Stopped all x86[_64] toolchains from adding
-mstackrealign
by default. The NDK toolchain assumes a 16-byte stack alignment. The tools and options used by default enforce this rule. A user writing assembly code must make sure to preserve stack alignment, and ensure that other compilers also comply with this rule. (GCC bug 38496) - Added Address Sanitizer functionality to Clang 3.5 support to the ARM and x86 ABIs. For more information on this change, see the Address Sanitizer project.
- Introduced the requirement, starting from API level 21, to use
-fPIE -pie
when building. In API levels 16 and higher, ndk-build usesPIE
when building. This change has a number of implications, which are discussed in Developer Preview Issue 888. These implications do not apply to shared libraries.
- Made GCC 4.8 the default for all 32-bit ABIs. Deprecated GCC 4.6, and
will remove it next release. To restore previous behavior, either add
- Important bug fixes:
-
- Made more fixes related to
A53 Errata #835769 in the aarch64-linux-android-4.9 linker. As part of this, GCC
passes a new option,
--fix-cortex-a53-835769
, when-mfix-cortex-a53-835769
(enabled by default) is specified. For more information, see this binutils message and this binutils message. - Documented a fix to a libc++
sscanf/vsscanf
hang that occurred in API level 21. The fix itself had been implemented in r10c. (Issue 77988) - Fixed an AutoFDO (
-fauto-profile
) crash that occurred with GCC 4.9 when-Os
was specified. (Issue 77571)
- Made more fixes related to
A53 Errata #835769 in the aarch64-linux-android-4.9 linker. As part of this, GCC
passes a new option,
- Other bug fixes:
-
- Made the following header and library fixes:
- Added
posix_memalign
to API level 16. Also, added a prototype instdlib.h
to API levels 16 to 19. (Issue 77861) - Fixed
stdatomic.h
so that it includes<atomic>
only for C++11. - Modified the following headers for standalone use:
sys/user.h
, andgl2ext.h
,dlext.h
,fts.h
,sgidefs.h
for API level 21. - Modified
sys/user.h
to renamemxcsr_mask
asmxcr_mask
, and to change the data type foru_ar0
from - Changed
sysconf()
return value type fromint
tolong
. - Fixed ndk-build's handling of
thumb
forLOCAL_ARM_MODE
: In r10d, ndk-build addsLOCAL_LDFLAGS+=-mthumb
by default, unless one of the following conditions applies: - You have set
LOCAL_ARM_MODE
equal toarm
. - You are doing a debug build (with settings such as
APP_OPTIM=debug
andAndroidManifest.xml
containingandroid:debuggable="true"
), where ARM mode is the default in order to retain compatibility with earlier toolchains. (Issue 74040) - Fixed
LOCAL_SRC_FILES
in ndk-build to use Windows absolute paths. (Issue 74333) - Removed bash-specific code from ndk-gdb. (Issue 73338)
- Removed bash-specific code from
make-standalone-toolchain.sh
. (Issue 74145) - Revised documentation concerning a fix for
System.loadLibrary()
transitive dependencies. (Issue 41790) - Fixed a problem that was preventing 64-bit packages from extracting on Ubuntu 14.04 and OS X 10.10 (Yosemite). (Issue 78148)
- Fixed an issue with
LOCAL_PCH
to improve Clang support. (Issue 77575) - Clarified "requires executable stack" warning from ld.gold. (Issue 79115)
unsigned long
to struct user_regs_struct*.
Android NDK r10c (October 2014)
- Important changes:
-
- Made the following changes to download structure:
- Each package now contains both the 32- and the 64-bit headers, libraries, and tools for its respective platform.
- STL libraries with debugging info no longer need be downloaded separately.
- Changed everything previously called
Android-L
to the official release designation:android-21
. - Updated GCC 4.9 by rebasing to the
google
branch of the GCC repository. Major differences from the upstream version of GCC 4.9 include: - The
-O2
option now turns on vectorization, without loop peeling but with more aggressive unrolling. - Enhancements to FDO and LIPO
- Added Clang 3.5 support to all hosts:
NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang
now picks Clang 3.5. Note that: - ARM and x86 default to using the integrated assembler. If this causes issues, use
-fno-integrated-as
as a workaround. - Clang 3.5 issues more warnings for unused flags, such as the
-finline-functions
option that GCC supports. - Made it possible to enter ART debugging mode, when debugging on an Android 5.0 device using
ART as its virtual machine, by specifying the
art-on
option. For more information, seeprebuilt/common/gdb/common.setup
in the directory containing the NDK. - Removed support for Clang 3.3.
- Deprecated GCC 4.6, and may remove it from future releases.
- Updated mclinker to 2.8 with Identical Code Folding ("ICF") support. Specify ICF using the
--icf
option. - Broadened
arm_neon.h
support in x86 and x86_64, attaining coverage of ~93% of NEON intrinsics. For more information about NEON support:- Navigate to the NDK Programmer's Guide (
docs/Programmers_Guide/html/
), and see Architectures and CPUs > Neon. - Examine the updated
hello-neon
sample insamples/
. - See Intel's guide to porting from ARM NEON to Intel SSE.
- Navigate to the NDK Programmer's Guide (
- Documented support for
_FORTIFY_SOURCE
inheaders/libs/android-21
, which appeared in r10 (whenandroid-21
was still calledAndroid-L
), but had no documentation.
For more detailed information, see Important bug fixes below.
When migrating from projects using GCC, you can use
-Wno-invalid-command-line-argument
and-Wno-unused-command-line-argument
to ignore the unused flags until you're able decide on what to do with them longer-term. - Important bug fixes:
-
- Fixed an internal compiler error with GCC4.9/aarch64 that was causing the following error message (Issue 77564):
- Fixed incorrect code generation from GCC4.9/arm. (Issue 77567)
- Fixed an internal compiler error with GCC4.9/mips involving inline-assembly. (Issue 77568)
- Fixed incorrect code that GCC4.9/arm was generating for
x = (cond) ? y : x
. (Issue 77569) - Fixed GCC4.9/aarch64 and Clang3.5/aarch64 to work around the
Cortex-A53 erratum (835769) by default. Disable the workaround by specifying
-mno-fix-cortex-a53-835769
.
internal compiler error: in simplify_const_unary_operation, at simplify-rtx.c:1539
- Other bug fixes:
-
- Made the following header and library fixes to
android-21
:- Added more TV keycodes:
android/keycodes.h
- Added more constants and six new sensor functions to
android/sensor.h
:ASensorManager_getDefaultSensorEx
,ASensor_getFifoMaxEventCount
,ASensor_getFifoReservedEventCount
,ASensor_getStringType
,ASensor_getReportingMode
, andASensor_isWakeUpSensor
. - Fixed
stdatomic.h
to improve compatibility with GCC 4.6, and provide support for the<atomic>
header. - Added
sys/ucontext.h
andsys/user.h
to all API levels. Thesignal.h
header now includes<sys/ucontext.h>
. You may remove any existing definition ofstruct ucontext
. - Added
posix_memalign
to API levels 17, 18, and 19. - Added the following functions to all architectures:
android_set_abort_message
,posix_fadvise
,posix_fadvise64
,pthread_gettid_np
. - Added the required permissions to the
native-media/AndroidManifest.xml
sample. (Issue 106640) - Added
clock_nanosleep
andclock_settime
to API level 21. (Issue 77372) - Removed the following symbols from all architectures:
get_malloc_leak_info
,free_malloc_leak_info
,__srget
,__swbuf
,__srefill
,__swsetup
,__sdidinit
,__sflags
,__sfp
,__sinit
,__smakebuf
,__sflush
,__sread
,__swrite
,__sseek
,__sclose
,_fwalk
,__sglue
,__get_thread
,__wait4
,__futex_wake
,__open
,__get_tls
,__getdents64
, anddlmalloc
. - Removed the following functions from the 64-bit architectures:
basename_r
,dirname_r
,__isthreaded
,_flush_cache
(mips64). - Removed the following function from the 32-bit architectures:
__signalfd4
. - Changed the type of the third argument from
size_t
toint
in the following functions:strtoll_l
,strtoull_l
,wcstoll_l
, andwcstoull_l
. - Restored the following functions to the 64-bit architecture:
arc4random
,arc4random_buf
, andarc4random_uniform
. - Moved
cxa_*
and thenew
anddelete
operators back tolibstdc++.so
. This change restores r9d behavior; previous versions of r10 contained placeholder files.
- Added more TV keycodes:
- Restored MXU support in GCC 4.8 and 4.9 for mips. This support had been absent from r10 and r10b because those versions of GCC had been compiled with binutils-2.24, which did not support MXU. It now does.
- Fixed
--toolchain=
inmake-standalone-toolchain.sh
so that it now properly supports use of a suffix specifying a version of Clang. - Fixed the libc++/armeabi
strtod()
functions. - Made fixes to NDK documentation in
docs/
.
- Made the following header and library fixes to
- Other changes:
-
- Enhanced
cpu-features
to detect ARMv8 support for the following instruction sets: AES, CRC32, SHA2, SHA1, and 64-bit PMULL/PMULL2. (Issue 106360) - Modified ndk-build to use
*-gcc-ar
, which is available in GCC 4.8, GCC 4.9, and Clang. Clang specifies it, instead of*-ar
. This setting brings improved LTO support. - Removed the
include-fixed/linux/a.out.h
andinclude-fixed/linux/compiler.h
headers from the GCC compiler. (Issue 73728) - Fixed an issue related to
-flto
with GCC 4.8 on Mac OS X. The error message read: - Fixed a typo in
build-binary.mk.
(Issue 76992)
.../ld: error: .../libexec/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.9/liblto_plugin.so Symbol not found: _environ
- Enhanced
- Important known issues:
-
- Specifying -Os (
-fauto-profile
) in GCC4.9 may cause crashing. (Issue 77571)
- Specifying -Os (
Android NDK r10b (September 2014)
- Important notes:
-
- Because of the 512MB size restriction on downloadable packages, the following 32-bit items are not in the 32-bit NDK download packages. Instead, they reside in the 64-bit ones:
- Android-L headers
- GCC 4.9
- Currently, the only Renderscript support provided by the NDK is for 32-bit Renderscript with Android 4.4 (API level 19). You cannot build HelloComputeNDK (the only Renderscript sample) with any other combination of Renderscript (32- or 64-bit) and Android version.
- To compile native-codec, you must use a 64-bit NDK package, which is where all the Android-L headers are located.
- Important bug fixes:
- Other bug fixes:
-
- Removed
stdio.h
from theinclude-fixed/
directories of all versions of GCC. (Issue 73728.) - Removed duplicate header files from the Windows packages in the
platforms/android-L/arch-*/usr/include/linux/netfilter*/
directories. (Issue 73704.) - Fixed a problem that prevented Clang from building HelloComputeNDK.
- Fixed atexit. (Issue 66595.)
- Made various fixes to the docs in
docs/
andsources/third_party/googletest/README.NDK
. (Issue 74069.) - Made the following fixes to the Android-L headers:
- Added the following functions to
ctype.h
andwchar.h
:dn_expand()
,grantpt()
,inet_nsap_addr()
,inet_nsap_ntoa()
,insque()
,nsdispatch()
,posix_openpt()
,__pthread_cleanup_pop()
,__pthread_cleanup_push()
,remque()
,setfsgid()
,setfsuid()
,splice()
,tee()
,twalk()
(Issue 73719), and 42*_l()
functions. - Renamed
cmsg_nxthdr
to__cmsg_nxthdr
. - Removed
__libc_malloc_dispatch
. - Changed the
ptrace()
prototype tolong ptrace(int, ...);
. - Removed
sha1.h
. - Extended
android_dlextinfo
inandroid/dlext.h
. - Annotated
__NDK_FPABI__
for functions receiving or returning float- or double-type values instdlib.h
,time.h
,wchar.h
, andcomplex.h
.
- Removed
- Other changes:
-
- Updated
mipsel-linux-android-4.9
andmips64el-linux-android-4.9
, implementing a new multilib directory layout, and providing support for gdb-7.7 - Enhanced
cpu-features
to detect more arm64 features. (Change list 100339.)
- Updated
Android NDK r10 (July 2014)
- Important changes:
-
- Added 3 new ABIs, all 64-bit: arm64-v8a, x86_64, mips64. Note that:
- GCC 4.9 is the default compiler for 64-bit ABIs. Clang is currently version 3.4.
NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang
may not work for arm64-v8a and mips64. - Android-L is the first level with 64-bit support. Note that this API level is a temporary one, and only for L-preview. An actual API level number will replace it at L-release.
- This release includes now includes
all32
andall64
settings forAPP_ABI
.APP_ABI=all32
is equivalent toAPP_ABI=armeabi,armeabi-v7a,x86,mips
.APP_ABI=all64
is equivalent toAPP_ABI=arm64-v8a,x86_64,mips64
.APP_ABI=all
selects all ABIs.
- The new GNU libstdc++ in Android-L contains all
<tr1/cmath>
Before defining your own math function, check_GLIBCXX_USE_C99_MATH_TR1
to see a function with that name already exists, in order to avoid "multiple definition" errors from the linker. - The cpu-features library has been updated for the ARMv8 kernel. The existing cpu-features library may fail to detect the presence of NEON on the ARMv8 platform. Recompile your code with the new version.
- Added a new
platforms/android-L/
API directory. It includes: - Updated Bionic headers, which had not changed from Android API levels 3 (Cupcake) to 19 (KitKat). This new version, for level L, is to be synchronized with AOSP.
- New media APIs and a native-codec sample.
- An updated
Android.h
header for SLES/OpenSLES, enabling support for single-precision, floating-point audio format in AudioPlayer. - GLES 3.1 and AEP extensions to
libGLESv3.so.
- GLES2 and GLES3 headers updated to the latest official Khronos versions.
- Added GCC 4.9 compilers to the 32-/64-bit ABIs. GCC 4.9 is the default (only) compiler for 64-bit ABIs, as previously mentioned. For 32-bit ABIs, you must explicitly enable GCC 4.9, as GCC 4.6 is still the default.
- For ndk-build, enable 32-bit, GCC 4.9 building either by adding
NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=4.9
toApplication.mk
, or exporting it as an environment variable from the command line. - For a standalone toolchain, use the
--toolchain=
option in themake-standalone-toolchain.sh
script. For example:--toolchain=arm-linux-androideabi-4.9.
- Upgraded GDB to version 7.6 in GCC 4.8/4.9 and x86*. Since GDB is still at version GDB-7.3.x in
GCC 4.6 (the default for ARM and MIPS), you must set
NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=4.8
or4.9
to enable ndk-gdb to select GDB 7.6. - Added the
-mssse3
build option to provide SSSE3 support, and made it the default for ABI x86 (upgrading from SSE3). The image released by Google does not contain SSSE3 instructions. - Updated GCC 4.8 to 4.8.3.
- Improved ARM libc++ EH support by switching from gabi++ to libc++abi. For details, see the "C++ Support" section of the documentation. Note that:
- All tests except for locale now pass for Clang 3.4 and GCC 4.8. For more information, see the "C++ Support" section of the documentation.
- The libc++ libraries for X86 and MIPS libc++ still use gabi++.
- GCC 4.7 and later can now use <atomic>.
- You must add
-fno-strict-aliasing
if you use<list>
, because__list_imp::_end
_ breaks TBAA rules. (Issue 61571.) - As of GCC 4.6, LIBCXX_FORCE_REBUILD:=true no longer rebuilds libc++. Rebuilding it requires the use of a different compiler. Note that Clang 3.3 is untested.
- mclinker is now version 2.7, and has aarch64 Linux support.
- Added precompiled header support for headers specified by
LOCAL_PCH
. (Issue 25412).
- Important bug fixes:
-
- Fixed libc++ so that it now compiles
std::feof
, etc. (Issue 66668). - Fixed a Clang 3.3/3.4 atomic library call that caused crashes in some of the libc++ tests for ABI armeabi.
- Fixed Clang 3.4 crashes that were occurring on reading precompiled headers. (Issue 66657).
- Fixed the Clang 3.3/3.4
-O3
assert on: - Fixed the following Clang 3.3/3.4 crash:
llvm-3.2/llvm/include/llvm/MDBuilder.h:64: llvm::MDNode* llvm::MDBuilder::createBranchWeights(llvm::ArrayRef
(Issue 57381).): Assertion Weights.size() >= 2 && "Need at least two branch weights!" Assertion failed: (!Fn && "cast failed but able to resolve overload expression!!"), function CheckCXXCStyleCast, file Volumes/data/ndk-toolchain/src/llvm-3.3/llvm/tools/clang/lib/Sema/SemaCast.cpp, line 2018
. (Issue 66950). - Fixed libc++ so that it now compiles
- Other bug fixes:
-
- Fixed headers:
- Fixed 32-bit
ssize_t
to beint
instead oflong int
. - Fixed
WCHAR_MIN
andWCHAR_MAX
so that they they take appropriate signs according to the architecture they're running on: - X86/MIPS: signed.
- ARM: unsigned.
- To force X86/MIPS to default to unsigned, use
-D__WCHAR_UNSIGNED__
. - To force
wchar_t
to be 16 bits, use-fshort-wchar
. - Removed non-existent symbols from 32-bit
libc.so
, and addedpread64
,pwrite64
,ftruncate64
for Android API level 12 and higher. (Issue 69319). For more information, see the commit message accompanying AOSP change list 94137. - Fixed GCC warning about redefinition of
putchar
. Warning message reads: - Fixed
make-standalone-toolchain.sh --stl=libc++
so that it: - Copies
cxxabi.h
. (Issue 68001). - Runs in directories other than the NDK install directory. (Issues 67690 and 68647).
- Fixed GCC/Windows to quote arguments only when necessary for spawning processes in external programs. This change decreases the likelihood of exceeding the 32K length limit.
- Fixed an issue that made it impossible to adjust the
APP_PLATFORM
environment variable. - Fixed the implementation of
IsSystemLibrary()
in crazy_linker so that it usesstrrchr()
instead ofstrchr()
to find the library path's true basename. - Fixed native-audio's inability to build in debug mode.
- Fixed gdb's inability to print extreme floating-point numbers. (Issue 69203).
- Fixed Clang 3.4 inability to compile with
-Wl,-shared
(as opposed to-shared
, which had no compilation issues). The problem was that Clang added-pie
for Android targets if neither-shared
nor-static
existed. This behavior, which was incorrect, caused the linker to complain that-shared
and-pie
could not co-exist.
include/stdio.h:236:5: warning: conflicts with previous declaration here [-Wattributes] int putchar(int);
(Change list 91185). - Other changes:
-
- Added
arm_neon.h
to the x86 toolchain so that it now emulates ~47% of Neon. There is currently no support for 64-bit types. For more information, see the section on ARM Neon intrinsics support in the x86 documentation. - Ported ARM/GOT_PREL optimization (present in GCC 4.6 built from the GCC google branch) to
ARM GCC 4.8/4.9. This optimization sometimes reduces instruction count when accessing global
variables. As an example, see the build.sh script in
$NDK/tests/build/b14811006-GOT_PREL-optimization/
. - Added ARM version for STL gabi++, stlport, and libc++. They now have both it and Thumb mode.
- It is now possible to call the make-standalone-toolchain.sh script with
--toolchain=x86_64-linux-android-4.9
, which is equivalent to--toolchain=x86_64-4.9
.
- Added
Android NDK r9d (March 2014)
- Important changes:
-
- Added support for the Clang 3.4 compiler. The
NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang
option now picks Clang 3.4. GCC 4.6 is still the default compiler. - Added
APP_ABI=armeabi-v7a-hard
, with additional multilib option-mfloat-abi=hard
. These options are for use with ARM GCC 4.6/4.8 and Clang 3.3/3.4 (which use 4.8's assembler, linker, and libs). When using these options, note the following changes: - When executing the
ndk-build
script, add the following options for armeabi-v7a target: The built library is copied toTARGET_CFLAGS += -mhard-float -D_NDK_MATH_NO_SOFTFP=1 TARGET_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--no-warn-mismatch -lm_hard
libs/armeabi-v7a
. For make to behave as expected, you cannot specify botharmeabi-v7a
andarmeabi-v7a-hard
as make targets (i.e., on the APP_ABI= line). Doing so causes one of them to be ignored. Note thatAPP_ABI=all
is still equivalent toarmeabi armeabi-v7a x86 mips
. - The
make-standalone-toolchain.sh
script copies additional libraries under/hard
directories. Add the aboveCFLAGS
andLFLAGS
to your makefile to enable GCC or Clang to link with libraries in/hard
. - Added the yasm assembler, as well as
LOCAL_ASMFLAGS
andEXPORT_ASMFLAGS
flags for x86 targets. Thendk-build
script usesprebuilts/*/bin/yasm*
to buildLOCAL_SRC_FILES
that have the.asm
extension. - Updated MClinker to 2.6.0, which adds
-gc-sections
support. - Added experimental libc++ support (upstream r201101). Use this new
feature by following these steps:
- Add
APP_STL := c++_static
orAPP_STL := c++_shared
inApplication.mk
. You may rebuild from source viaLIBCXX_FORCE_REBUILD := true
- Execute
make-standalone-toolchain.sh --stl=libc++
to create a standalone toolchain with libc++ headers/lib.
CPLUSPLUS-SUPPORT.html
. (Issue 36496) - Add
- Added support for the Clang 3.4 compiler. The
- Important bug fixes:
-
- Fixed an uncaught throw from an unexpected exception handler for GCC 4.6/4.8 ARM EABI. (GCC Issue 59392)
- Fixed GCC 4.8 so that it now correctly resolves partial specialization of a template with a dependent, non-type template argument. (GCC Issue 59052)
- Added more modules to prebuilt python (Issue 59902):
- Mac OS X:
zlib
,bz2
,_curses
,_curses_panel
,_hashlib
,_ssl
- Linux:
zlib
,nis
,crypt
,_curses
, and_curses_panel
- Mac OS X:
- Fixed the x86 and MIPS gdbserver
event_getmsg_helper
. - Fixed numerous issues in the RenderScript NDK toolchain, including issues with compatibility across older devices and C++ reflection.
- Other bug fixes:
-
- Header fixes:
- Fixed a missing
#include <sys/types.h>
inandroid/asset_manager.h
for Android API level 13 and higher. (Issue 64988) - Fixed a missing
#include
inandroid/rect_manager.h
for Android API level 14 and higher. - Added
JNICALL
toJNI_OnLoad
andJNI_OnUnload
injni.h
. Note thatJNICALL
is defined as__NDK_FPABI__
For more information, seesys/cdefs.h
. - Updated the following headers so that they can be included without the need to manually include their dependencies (Issue 64679):
- Added
sys/cachectl.h
for all architectures. MIPS developers can now include this header instead of writing#ifdef __mips__
. - Fixed
platforms/android-18/include/android/input.h
by adding__NDK_FPABI__
to functions taking or returning float or double values. - Fixed MIPS
struct stat
, which was incorrectly set to its 64-bit counterpart for Android API level 12 and later. This wrong setting was a regression introduced in release r9c. - Defined
__PTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_VALUE
,__PTHREAD_RECURSIVE_MUTEX_INIT_VALUE
, and__PTHREAD_ERRORCHECK_MUTEX_INIT_VALUE
for Android API level 9 and lower. - Added
scalbln
,scalblnf
, andscalblnl
to x86libm.so
for APIs 18 and later. - Fixed a typo in
sources/android/support/include/iconv.h
. (Issue 63806)
android/tts.h EGL/eglext.h fts.h GLES/glext.h GLES2/gl2ext.h OMXAL/OpenMAXSL_Android.h SLES/OpenSLES_Android.h sys/prctl.h sys/utime.h
- Fixed a missing
- Fixed gabi++
std::unexpected()
to callstd::terminate()
so that a user-definedstd::terminate()
handler has a chance to run. - Fixed gabi++ to catch
std::nullptr
. - Fixed samples Teapot and MoreTeapots:
- Solved a problem with Tegra 2 and 3 chips by changing specular variables to use medium precision. Values for specular power can now be less than 1.0.
- Changed the samples so that pressing the volume button restores
immersive mode and invalidates
SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY
. Screen rotation does not triggeronSystemUiVisibilityChange
, and so does not restore immersive mode.
- Fixed the
ndk-build
script to add-rpath-link=$SYSROOT/usr/lib
and-rpath-link=$TARGET_OUT
in order to useld.bfd
to link executables. (Issue 64266) - Removed
-Bsymbolic
from all STL builds. - Fixed
ndk-gdb-py.cmd
by settingSHELL
as an environment variable instead of passing it topython.exe
, which ignores the setting. (Issue 63054) - Fixed the
make-standalone-toolchain.sh
script so that the--stl=stlport
option copies the gabi++ headers instead of symlinking them; thecmd.exe
and MinGW shells do not understand symlinks created by cygwin.
- Header fixes:
- Other changes:
-
- Applied execution permissions to all
*cmd
scripts previously intended for use only in thecmd.exe
shell, in case developers prefer to usendk-build.cmd
in cygwin instead of the recommendedndk-build
script. - Improved the speed of the
make-standalone-toolchain.sh
script by moving instead of copying if the specified destination directory does not exist.
- Applied execution permissions to all
Android NDK r9c (December 2013)
This is a bug-fix-only release.
- Important bug fixes:
-
- Fixed a problem with GCC 4.8 ARM, in which the stack pointer is restored too early. This problem prevented the frame pointer from reliably accessing a variable in the stack frame. (GCC Issue 58854)
- Fixed a problem with GCC 4.8 libstdc++, in which a bug in std::nth_element was causing generation of code that produced a random segfault. (Issue 62910)
- Fixed GCC 4.8 ICE in cc1/cc1plus with
-fuse-ld=mcld
, so that the following error no longer occurs:cc1: internal compiler error: in common_handle_option, at opts.c:1774
- Fixed
-mhard-float
support for__builtin
math functions. For ongoing information on fixes for-mhard-float
with STL, please follow Issue 61784.
- Other bug fixes:
-
- Header fixes:
- Changed prototype of
poll
topoll(struct pollfd *, nfds_t, int);
inpoll.h
. - Added
utimensat
tolibc.so
for Android API levels 12 and 19. These libraries are now included for all Android API levels 12 through 19. - Introduced
futimens
intolibc.so
, for Android API level 19. - Added missing
clock_settime()
andclock_nanosleep()
totime.h
for Android API level 8 and higher. - Added
CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW, CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE, CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE, CLOCK_BOOTTIME, CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM,
andCLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM
intime.h.
- Removed obsolete
CLOCK_REALTIME_HR
andCLOCK_MONOTONIC_HR.
- Changed prototype of
- In samples Teapot, MoreTeapots, and
source/android/ndk_helper
:- Changed them so that they now use a hard-float abi for armeabi-v7a.
- Updated them to use immersive mode on Android API level 19 and higher.
- Fixed a problem with
Check_ReleaseStringUTFChars
in/system/lib/libdvm.so
that was causing crashes on x86 devices.
- Fixed
ndk-build
fails that happen in cygwin when the NDK package is referenced via symlink. - Fixed
ndk-build.cmd
fails that happen in windowscmd.exe
whenLOCAL_SRC_FILES
contains absolute paths. (Issue 69992) - Fixed the
ndk-stack
script to proceed even when it can't parse a frame due to inability to find a routine, filename, or line number. In any of these cases, it prints??
. - Fixed the
ndk-stack
stack for windows-x64_64 targets so that it no longer erroneously matches a frame line with a line in thestack:
section that doesn't containpc
,eip
, orip
. For example:I/DEBUG ( 1151): #00 5f09db68 401f01c4 /system/lib/libc.so
- Fixed gabi++ so that it:
- Does not use malloc() to allocate C++ thread-local objects.
- Avoids deadlocks in gabi++ in cases where libc.debug.malloc is non-zero in userdebug/eng Android platform builds.
- Header fixes:
- Other changes:
-
- Added
LOCAL_EXPORT_LDFLAGS
. - Introduced the
NDK_PROJECT_PATH=null
setting for use in an integrated build system where options are explicitly passed tondk-build
. With this setting,ndk-build
makes no attempt to look forNDK_PROJECT_PATH.
This setting also prevents variables from deriving default settings from NDK_PROJECT_PATH. As a result, the following variables must now be explicitly specified (with their default values if such exist):NDK_OUT, NDK_LIBS_OUT, APP_BUILD_SCRIPT, NDK_DEBUG
(optional, default to 0), and otherAPP_*
's contained inApplication.mk
. APP_ABI
can now be enumerated in a comma-delimited list. For example:APP_ABI := "armeabi,armeabi-v7a"
- Provided the ability to rebuild all of STL with debugging info in an
optional, separate package called
android-ndk-r9c-cxx-stl-libs-with-debugging-info.zip
, using the-g
option. This option helps thendk-stack
script provide better a stack dump across STL. This change should not affect the code/size of the final, stripped file. - Enhanced
hello-jni
samples to reportAPP_ABI
at compilation. - Used the
ar
tool in Deterministic mode (option-D
) to build static libraries. (Issue 60705)
- Added
Android NDK r9b (October 2013)
- Important changes:
-
- Updated
include/android/*h
andmath.h
for all Android API levels up to 18, including the addition of levels 13, 15, 16 and 17. For information on added APIs, see commit messages for Changes 68012 and 68014. (Issues 47150, 58528, and 38423) - Added support for Android API level 19, including Renderscript binding.
- Added support for
-mhard-float
in the existing armeabi-v7a ABI. For more information and current restrictions on Clang, seetests/device/hard-float/jni/Android.mk
. - Migrated from GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.8 to 4.8.2, and added diagnostic color
support. To enable diagnostic colors, set
-fdiagnostics-color=auto
,-fdiagnostics-color=always,
or exportGCC_COLORS
as shown below: For more information, see GCC Language Independent Options.GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01'
- Added two new samples to demonstrate OpenGL ES 3.0 features: Teapot and MoreTeapots. These samples run on devices with Android 4.1 (API level 16) and higher.
- Deprecated GCC 4.7 and Clang 3.2 support, which will be removed in the next release.
- Updated
- Important bug fixes:
-
- Fixed problem with ARM GCC 4.6
thumb2
failing to generate 16-bit relative jump tables. (GCC Issue) - Fixed GCC 4.8 internal compiler error (ICE) on
g++.dg/cpp0x/lambda/lambda-defarg3.C
. (Change 62770, GCC Issue) - Fixed a problem with Windows 32-bit
*-gdb.exe
executables failing to launch. (Issue 58975) - Fixed GCC 4.8 ICE when building bullet library. The error message is as follows:
(Issue 58916, GCC Issue)internal compiler error: verify_flow_info failed
- Modified GDB/ARM build to skip
ARM.exidx
data for unwinding in prologue code and added a command (set arm exidx-unwinding
) to control exidx-based stack unwinding. (Issue 55826) - Fixed Clang 3.3 MIPS compiler problem where HI and LO registers are incorrectly reused.
- Fixed issue with MIPS 4.7 ICE in
dbx_reg_number
. The error message is as follows: (GCC Patch)external/icu4c/i18n/decimfmt.cpp:1322:1: internal compiler error: in dbx_reg_number, at dwarf2out.c:10185
- Fixed problem with ARM GCC 4.6
- Other bug fixes:
-
- Header fixes
- Fixed the ARM
WCHAR_MIN
andWCHAR_MAX
to be unsigned according to spec (the X86/MIPS versions are signed). Define_WCHAR_IS_ALWAYS_SIGNED
to restore old behavior. (Issue 57749) - Fixed
include/netinet/tcp.h
to containTCP_INFO
state enum. (Issue 38881) - Fixed the
cdefs_elh.h
macro_C_LABEL_STRING
to stop generating warnings in the GCC 4.8 toolchain when using c++11 mode. (Issue 58135, Issue 58652) - Removed non-existent functions
imaxabs
andimaxdiv
from headerinttypes.h
. - Fixed issue with
pthread_exit()
return values andpthread_self()
. (Issue 60686) - Added missing
mkdtemp()
function, which already exists inbionic
headerstdlib.h
.
- Fixed the ARM
- Fixed problem building
samples/gles3jni
with Clang on Android API level 11. - Fixed MCLinker to allow multiple occurrences of the following options:
-gc-sections
and--eh-frame-hdr
. - Fixed MCLinker to accept the
--no-warn-mismatch
option. - Modified
cpu-features
option to not assume all VFPv4 devices support IDIV. Now this option only adds IDIV to white-listed devices, including Nexus 4. (Issue 57637) - Fixed problem with
android_native_app_glue.c
erroneously logging errors on event predispatch operations. - Fixed all operations on
gabi++
terminate and unexpected_handler to be thread-safe. - Fixed several issues with Clang
-integrated-as
option so it can pass tests forssax-instructions
andfenv
. - Fixed GCC 4.6/4.7/4.8 compiler to pass the linker option
--eh-frame-hdr
even for static executables. For more information, see the GCC patch. - Fixed extra apostrophe in
CPU-ARCH-ABIS.html
. For more information, seeNDK-DEPENDS.html
. (Issue 60142) - Fixed extra quotes in ndk-build output on Windows. (Issue 60649)
- Fixed Clang 3.3 to compile ARM's built-in, atomic operations such as
__atomic_fetch_add
,__atomic_fetch_sub
, and__atomic_fetch_or
. - Fixed Clang 3.3 ICE with customized
vfprintf
. (Clang issue)
- Header fixes
- Other changes:
-
- Enabled OpenMP for all GCC builds. To use this feature, add the following flags to your
build settings:
For code examples, seeLOCAL_CFLAGS += -fopenmp LOCAL_LDFLAGS += -fopenmp
tests/device/test-openmp
- Reduced the size of
ld.mcld
significantly (1.5MB vs.ld.bfd
3.5MB andld.gold
7.5MB), resulting in a speed improvement of approximately 20%. - Added
LOCAL_CONLYFLAGS
andAPP_CONLYFLAGS
to specify options applicable to C only but not C++. The existingLOCAL_CFLAGS
andAPP_CFLAGS
are also used for C++ compilation (to save trouble of specifying most options twice), so options such as-std=gnu99
may fail in g++ builds with a warning and clang++ builds with an error. - Added
gabi++
array helper functions. - Modified GCC builds so that all
libgcc.a
files are built with-funwind-tables
to allow the stack to be unwound past previously blocked points, such as__aeabi_idiv0
. - Added Ingenic MXU support in MIPS GCC4.6/4.7/4.8 with new
-mmxu
option. - Extended MIPS GCC4.6/4.7/4.8
-mldc1-sdc1
to control ldxc1/sdxc1 too - Added crazy linker. For more information, see
sources/android/crazy_linker/README.TXT
. - Fixed
bitmap-plasma
to draw to full screen rather than a 200x200 pixel area. - Reduced linux and darwin toolchain sizes by 25% by creating symlinks to identical files.
- Enabled OpenMP for all GCC builds. To use this feature, add the following flags to your
build settings:
Android NDK r9 (July 2013)
- Important changes:
-
- Added support for Android 4.3 (API level 18). For more information, see
STABLE-APIS.html
and new code examples insamples/gles3jni/README
. - Added headers and libraries for OpenGL ES 3.0, which is supported by Android 4.3 (API level 18) and higher.
- Added GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.8 compiler to the NDK. Since GCC 4.6 is still
the default, you must explicitly enable this option:
- For
ndk-build
builds, exportNDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=4.8
or add it inApplication.mk
. - For standalone builds, use the
--toolchain=
option inmake-standalone-toolchain.sh
, for example:
--toolchain=arm-linux-androideabi-4.8
Note: The
-Wunused-local-typedefs
option is enabled by-Wall
. Be sure to add__attribute__((unused))
if you use compile-time asserts likesources/cxx-stl/stlport/stlport/stl/config/features.h
, line #311. For more information, see Change 55460Note: In the GCC 4.7 release and later, ARM compilers generate unaligned access code by default for ARMv6 and higher build targets. You may need to add the
-mno-unaligned-access
build option when building for kernels that do not support this feature. - For
- Added Clang 3.3 support. The
NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang
build option now picks Clang 3.3 by default.Note: Both GCC 4.4.3 and Clang 3.1 are deprecated, and will be removed from the next NDK release.
- Updated GNU Project Debugger (GDB) to support python 2.7.5.
- Added MCLinker to support Windows hosts. Since
ld.gold
is the default where available, you must add-fuse-ld=mcld
inLOCAL_LDFLAGS
orAPP_LDFLAGS
to enable MCLinker. - Added
ndk-depends
tool which prints ELF library dependencies. For more information, seeNDK-DEPENDS.html
. (Issue 53486)
- Added support for Android 4.3 (API level 18). For more information, see
- Important bug fixes:
-
- Fixed potential event handling issue in
android_native_app_glue
. (Issue 41755) - Fixed ARM/GCC-4.7 build to generate sufficient alignment for NEON load and store instructions VST and VLD. (GCC Issue 57271)
- Fixed a GCC 4.4.3/4.6/4.7 internal compiler error (ICE) for a constant negative index value on a string literal. (Issue 54623)
- Fixed GCC 4.7 segmentation fault for constant initialization with an object address. (Issue 56508)
- Fixed GCC 4.6 ARM segmentation fault for
-O
values when using Boost 1.52.0. (Issue 42891) - Fixed
libc.so
andlibc.a
to support thewait4()
function. (Issue 19854) - Updated the x86 libc.so and libc.a files to include the
clone()
function. - Fixed
LOCAL_SHORT_COMMANDS
bug where thelinker.list
file is empty or not used. - Fixed GCC MIPS build on Mac OS to use CFI directives, without which
ld.mcld --eh-frame-hdr
fails frequently. - Fixed Clang 3.2 X86/MIPS internal compiler error in
llvm/lib/VMCore/Value.cpp
. (Change 59021) - Fixed GCC 4.7 64-bit Windows assembler crash. (Error:
out of memory allocating 4294967280 bytes
). - Updated
ndk-gdb
script so that the--start
or--launch
actions now wait for the GNU Debug Server, so that it can more reliably hit breakpoints set early in the execution path (such as breakpoints in JNI code). (Issue 41278)Note: This feature requires jdb and produces warning about pending breakpoints. Specify the
--nowait
option to restore previous behavior. - Fixed GDB crash when library list is empty.
- Fixed GDB crash when using a
stepi
command past abx pc
orblx pc
Thumb instruction. (Issue 56962, Issue 36149) - Fixed MIPS
gdbserver
to look forDT_MIPS_RLD_MAP
instead ofDT_DEBUG
. (Issue 56586) - Fixed a circular dependency in the ndk-build script, for example: If A->B and B->B, then B was dropped from build. (Issue 56690)
- Fixed potential event handling issue in
- Other bug fixes:
-
- Fixed the
ndk-build
script to enable you to specify a version of Clang as a command line option (e.g.,NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang3.2
). Previously, only specifying the version as an environment variable worked. - Fixed gabi++ size of
_Unwind_Exception
to be 24 for MIPS build targets when using the Clang compiler. (Change 54141) - Fixed the
ndk-build
script to ensure that built libraries are actually removed from projects that include prebuilt static libraries when using thendk-build clean
command. (Change 54461, Change 54480) - Modified the
NDK_ANALYZE=1
option to be less verbose. - Fixed
gnu-libstdc++/Android.mk
to include abackward/
path for builds that use backward compatibility. (Issue 53404) - Fixed a problem where
stlport new
sometimes returned random values. - Fixed
ndk-gdb
to match the order ofCPU_ABIS
, notAPP_ABIS
. (Issue 54033) - Fixed a problem where the NDK 64-bit build on MacOSX chooses the wrong path for compiler. (Issue 53769)
- Fixed build scripts to detect 64-bit Windows Vista. (Issue 54485)
- Fixed x86
ntonl/swap32
error:invalid 'asm': operand number out of range
. (Issue 54465, Change 57242) - Fixed
ld.gold
to merge string literals. - Fixed
ld.gold
to handle large symbol alignment. - Updated
ld.gold
to enable the--sort-section=name
option. - Fixed GCC 4.4.3/4.6/4.7 to suppress the
-export-dynamic
option for statically linked programs. GCC no longer adds an.interp
section for statically linked programs. - Fixed GCC 4.4.3
stlport
compilation error about inconsistenttypedef
of_Unwind_Control_Block
. (Issue 54426) - Fixed
awk
scripts to handleAndroidManifest.xml
files created on Windows which may contain trailing\r
characters and cause build errors. (Issue 42548) - Fixed
make-standalone-toolchain.sh
to probe theprebuilts/
directory to detect if the host is 32 bit or 64 bit. - Fixed the Clang 3.2
-integrated-as
option. - Fixed the Clang 3.2 ARM EHABI compact model
pr1
andpr2
handler data. - Added Clang
-mllvm -arm-enable-ehabi
option to fix the following Clang error:clang: for the -arm-enable-ehabi option: may only occur zero or one times!
- Fixed build failure when there is no
uses-sdk
element in application manifest. (Issue 57015)
- Fixed the
- Other changes:
-
- Header Fixes
- Modified headers to make
__set_errno
an inlined function, since__set_errno
inerrno.h
is deprecated, andlibc.so
no longer exports it. - Modified
elf.h
to includestdint.h
. (Issue 55443) - Fixed
sys/un.h
to be included independently of other headers. (Issue 53646) - Fixed all of the
MotionEvent_getHistorical
API family to take theconst AInputEvent* motion_event
. (Issue 55873) - Fixed
malloc_usable_size
to takeconst void*
. (Issue 55725) - Fixed stdint.h to be more compatible with C99. (Change 46821)
- Modified
wchar.h
to not redefineWCHAR_MAX
andWCHAR_MIN
- Fixed
<inttypes.h>
declaration for pointer-relatedPRI
andSCN
macros. (Issue 57218) - Changed the
sys/cdefs.h
header so that__WCHAR_TYPE__
is 32-bit for API levels less than 9, which means thatwchat_t
is 32-bit for all API levels. To restore the previous behavior, define the_WCHAR_IS_8BIT
boolean variable. (Issue 57267)
- Modified headers to make
- Added more formatting in NDK
docs/
and miscellaneous documentation fixes. - Added support for a thin archive technique when building static libraries. (Issue 40303)
- Updated script
make-standalone-toolchain.sh
to support thestlport
library in addition tognustl
, when you specify the option--stl=stlport
. For more information, seeSTANDALONE-TOOLCHAIN.html
. - Updated the
make-standalone-toolchain.sh
script so that the--llvm-version=
option creates the$TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX-clang
and$TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX-clang++
scripts in addition toclang
andclang++
, to avoid using the host's clang and clang++ definitions by accident. - Added two flags to re-enable two optimizations in upstream Clang but disabled in
NDK for better compatibility with code compiled by GCC:
- Added a
-fcxx-missing-return-semantics
flag to re-enable missing return semantics in Clang 3.2+. Normally, all paths should terminate with a return statement for a value-returning function. If this is not the case, clang inserts an undefined instruction (or trap in debug mode) at the path without a return statement. If you are sure your code is correct, use this flag to allow the optimizer to take advantage of the undefined behavior. If you are not sure, do not use this flag. The caller may still receive a random incorrect value, but the optimizer will not exploit it and make your code harder to debug. - Added a
-fglobal-ctor-const-promotion
flag to re-enable promoting global variables with static constructor to be constants. With this flag, the global variable optimization pass of LLVM tries to evaluate the global variables with static constructors and promote them to global constants. Although this optimization is correct, it may cause some incompatibility with code compiled by GCC. For example, code may doconst_cast
to cast the constant to mutable and modify it. In GCC, the variable is in read-write and the code is run by accident. In Clang, the const variable is in read-only memory and may cause your application to crash.
- Added a
- Added
-mldc1-sdc1
to the MIPS GCC and Clang compilers. By default, compilers align 8-byte objects properly and emit theldc1
andsdc1
instructions to move them around. If your app uses a custom allocator that does not always align with a new object's 8-byte boundary in the same way as the default allocator, your app may crash due toldc1
andsdc1
operations on unaligned memory. In this case, use the-mno-ldc1-sdc1
flag to workaround the problem. - Downgraded the event severity from warning to info if
APP_PLATFORM_LEVEL
is larger thanAPP_MIN_PLATFORM_LEVEL
. TheAPP_PLATFORM_LEVEL
may be lower thanAPP_PLATFORM
injni/Application.mk
because the NDK does not have headers for all levels. In this case, the actual level is shifted downwards. TheAPP_MIN_PLATFORM_LEVEL
is specified by theandroid:minSdkVersion
in your application's manifest. (Issue 39752) - Added the
android_getCpuIdArm()
andandroid_setCpuArm()
methods tocpu-features.c
. This addition enables easier retrieval of the ARM CPUID information. (Issue 53689) - Modified
ndk-build
to use GCC 4.7'sas/ld
for Clang compiling.Note: In GCC 4.7,
monotonic_clock
andis_monotonic
have been renamed tosteady_clock
andis_steady
, respectively. - Added the following new warnings to the
ndk-build
script:- Added warnings if
LOCAL_LDLIBS/LDFLAGS
are used in static library modules. - Added a warning if a configuration has no module to build.
- Added a warning for non-system libraries being used in
LOCAL_LDLIBS/LDFLAGS
of a shared library or executable modules.
- Added warnings if
- Updated build scripts, so that if
APP_MODULES
is not defined and only static libraries are listed inAndroid.mk
, the script force-builds all of them. (Issue 53502) - Updated
ndk-build
to support absolute paths inLOCAL_SRC_FILES
. - Removed the
*-gdbtui
executables, which are duplicates of the*-gdb
executables with the-tui
option enabled. - Updated the build scripts to warn you when the Edison Design Group (EDG) compiler
front-end turns
_STLP_HAS_INCLUDE_NEXT
back on. (Issue 53646) - Added the environment variable
NDK_LIBS_OUT
to allow overriding of the path forlibraries/gdbserver
from the default$PROJECT/libs
. For more information, seeOVERVIEW.html
. - Changed ndk-build script defaults to compile code with format string protection
-Wformat -Werror=format-security
. You may setLOCAL_DISABLE_FORMAT_STRING_CHECKS=true
to disable it. For more information, seeANDROID-MK.html
- Added STL pretty-print support in
ndk-gdb-py
. For more information, seeNDK-GDB.html
. - Added tests based on the googletest frameworks.
- Added a notification to the toolchain build script that warns you if the current shell
is not
bash
.
- Header Fixes
Android NDK r8e (March 2013)
- Important changes:
-
- Added 64-bit host toolchain set (package name suffix
*-x86_64.*
). For more information, seeCHANGES.HTML
andNDK-BUILD.html
. - Added Clang 3.2 compiler. GCC 4.6 is still the default. For information on using the
Clang compiler, see
CHANGES.HTML
. - Added static code analyzer for Linux/MacOSX hosts. For information on using the
analyzer, see
CHANGES.HTML
. - Added MCLinker for Linux/MacOSX hosts as an experimental feature. The
ld.gold
linker is the default where available, so you must explicitly enable it. For more information, seeCHANGES.HTML
. - Updated ndk-build to use topological sort for module dependencies, which means the
build automatically sorts out the order of libraries specified in
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES
,LOCAL_WHOLE_STATIC_LIBRARIES
andLOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES
. For more information, seeCHANGES.HTML
. (Issue 39378)
- Added 64-bit host toolchain set (package name suffix
- Important bug fixes:
-
- Fixed build script to build all toolchains in
-O2
. Toolchains in previous releases were incorrectly built without optimization. - Fixed build script which unconditionally builds Clang/llvm for MacOSX in 64-bit.
- Fixed GCC 4.6/4.7 internal compiler error:
gen_thumb_movhi_clobber at config/arm/arm.md:5832
. (Issue 52732) - Fixed build problem where GCC/ARM 4.6/4.7 fails to link code using 64-bit atomic built-in functions. (Issue 41297)
- Fixed GCC 4.7 linker DIV usage mismatch errors. (Sourceware Issue)
- Fixed GCC 4.7 internal compiler error
build_data_member_initialization, at cp/semantics.c:5790
. - Fixed GCC 4.7 internal compiler error
redirect_eh_edge_1, at tree-eh.c:2214
. (Issue 52909) - Fixed a GCC 4.7 segfault. (GCC Issue)
- Fixed
<chrono>
clock resolution and enabledsteady_clock
. (Issue 39680) - Fixed toolchain to enable
_GLIBCXX_HAS_GTHREADS
for GCC 4.7 libstdc++. (Issue 41770, Issue 41859) - Fixed problem with the X86 MXX/SSE code failing to link due to missing
posix_memalign
. (Change 51872) - Fixed GCC4.7/X86 segmentation fault in
i386.c
, functiondistance_non_agu_define_in_bb()
. (Change 50383) - Fixed GCC4.7/X86 to restore earlier
cmov
behavior. (GCC Issue) - Fixed handling NULL return value of
setlocale()
in libstdc++/GCC4.7. (Issue 46718) - Fixed
ld.gold
runtime undefined reference to__exidx_start
and__exidx_start_end
. (Change 52134) - Fixed Clang 3.1 internal compiler error when using Eigen library. (Issue 41246)
- Fixed Clang 3.1 internal compiler error including
<chrono>
in C++11 mode. (Issue 39600) - Fixed Clang 3.1 internal compiler error when generating object code for a method
call to a uniform initialized
rvalue
. (Issue 41387) - Fixed Clang 3.1/X86 stack realignment. (Change 52154)
- Fixed problem with GNU Debugger (GDB) SIGILL when debugging on Android 4.1.2. (Issue 40941)
- Fixed problem where GDB cannot set
source:line
breakpoints when symbols contain long, indirect file paths. (Issue 42448) - Fixed GDB
read_program_header
for MIPS PIE executables. (Change 49592) - Fixed
STLport
segmentation fault inuncaught_exception()
. (Change 50236) - Fixed
STLport
bus error in exception handling due to unaligned access ofDW_EH_PE_udata2
,DW_EH_PE_udata4
, andDW_EH_PE_udata8
. - Fixed Gabi++ infinite recursion problem with
nothrow new[]
operator. (Issue 52833) - Fixed Gabi++ wrong offset to exception handler pointer. (Change 53446)
- Removed Gabi++ redundant free on exception object (Change 53447)
- Fixed build script to build all toolchains in
- Other bug fixes:
-
- Fixed NDK headers:
- Removed redundant definitions of
size_t
,ssize_t
, andptrdiff_t
. - Fixed MIPS and ARM
fenv.h
header. - Fixed
stddef.h
to not redefineoffsetof
since it already exists in the toolchain. - Fixed
elf.h
to containElf32_auxv_t
andElf64_auxv_t
. (Issue 38441) - Fixed the
#ifdef
C++ definitions in theOpenSLES_AndroidConfiguration.h
header file. (Issue 53163)
- Removed redundant definitions of
- Fixed
STLport
to abort after out of memory error instead of silently exiting. - Fixed system and Gabi++ headers to be able to compile with API level 8 and lower.
- Fixed
cpufeatures
to not parse/proc/self/auxv
. (Issue 43055) - Fixed
ld.gold
to not depend on host libstdc++ and on Windows platforms, to not depend on thelibgcc_sjlj_1.dll
library. - Fixed Clang 3.1 which emits inconsistent register list in
.vsave
and fails assembler. (Change 49930) - Fixed Clang 3.1 to be able to compile libgabi++ and pass the
test-stlport
tests for MIPS build targets. (Change 51961) - Fixed Clang 3.1 to only enable exception by default for C++, not for C.
- Fixed several issues in Clang 3.1 to pass most GNU exception tests.
- Fixed scripts
clang
andclang++
in standalone NDK compiler to detect-cc1
and to not specify-target
when found. - Fixed
ndk-build
to observeNDK_APP_OUT
set inApplication.mk
. - Fixed X86
libc.so
andlib.a
which were missing thesigsetjmp
andsiglongjmp
functions already declared insetjmp.h
. (Issue 19851) - Patched GCC 4.4.3/4.6/4.7 libstdc++ to work with Clang in C++ 11. (Clang Issue)
- Fixed cygwin path in argument passed to
HOST_AWK
. - Fixed
ndk-build
script warning in windows when running from project's JNI directory. (Issue 40192) - Fixed problem where the
ndk-build
script does not build if makefile has trailing whitespace in theLOCAL_PATH
definition. (Issue 42841)
- Fixed NDK headers:
- Other changes:
-
- Enabled threading support in GCC/MIPS toolchain.
- Updated GCC exception handling helpers
__cxa_begin_cleanup
and__cxa_type_match
to have default visibility from the previous hidden visibility in GNU libstdc++. For more information, seeCHANGES.HTML
. - Updated build scripts so that Gabi++ and STLport static libraries are now built with hidden visibility except for exception handling helpers.
- Updated build so that
STLport
is built for ARM in Thumb mode. - Added support for
std::set_new_handler
in Gabi++. (Issue 52805) - Enabled
FUTEX
system call in GNU libstdc++. - Updated
ndk-build
so that it no longer copies prebuilt static library to a project'sobj/local/<abi>/
directory. (Issue 40302) - Removed
__ARM_ARCH_5*__
from ARMtoolchains/*/setup.mk
script. (Issue 21132) - Built additional GNU libstdc++ libraries in thumb for ARM.
- Enabled MIPS floating-point
madd/msub/nmadd/nmsub/recip/rsqrt
instructions with 32-bit FPU. - Enabled graphite loop optimizer in GCC 4.6 and 4.7 to allow more optimizations:
-fgraphite
,-fgraphite-identity
,-floop-block
,-floop-flatten
,-floop-interchange
,-floop-strip-mine
,-floop-parallelize-all
, and-ftree-loop-linear
. (info) - Enabled
polly
for Clang 3.1 on Linux and Max OS X 32-bit hosts which analyzes and optimizes memory access. (info) - Enabled
-flto
in GCC 4.7, 4.6, Clang 3.2 and Clang 3.1 on linux (Clang LTO via LLVMgold.so). MIPS compiler targets are not supported becauseld.gold
is not available. - Enabled
--plugin
and--plugin-opt
forld.gold
in GCC 4.6/4.7. - Enabled
--text-reorder
forld.gold
in GCC 4.7. - Configured GNU libstdc++ with
_GLIBCXX_USE_C99_MATH
which undefines theisinf
script in the bionic header. For more information, seeCHANGES.html
. - Added
APP_LDFLAGS
to the build scripts. For more information, seeANDROID-MK.html
. - Updated build scripts to allow
NDK_LOG=0
to disable theNDK_LOG
. - Updated build scripts to allow
NDK_HOST_32BIT=0
to disable the host developer environment 32-bit toolchain. - Changed the default GCC/X86 flags
-march=
and-mtune=
frompentiumpro
andgeneric
toi686
andatom
. - Enhanced toolchain build scripts:
- Fixed a race condition in
build-gcc.sh
for themingw
build type which was preventing a significant amount of parallel build processing. - Updated
build-gabi++.sh
andbuild-stlport.sh
so they can now run from the NDK package. (Issue 52835) - Fixed
run-tests.sh
in theMSys
utilities collection. - Improved 64-bit host toolchain and Canadian Cross build support.
- Updated
build-mingw64-toolchain.sh
script to more recent version. - Added option to build
libgnustl_static.a
andstlport_static.a
without hidden visibility.
- Fixed a race condition in
Android NDK r8d (December 2012)
- Important changes:
-
- Added the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.7 compiler to the NDK. The GCC 4.6 compiler
is still the default, so you must to explicitly enable the new version as follows:
- For
ndk-build
, export theNDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=4.7
variable or add it toApplication.mk
. - For standalone builds, add the
--toolchain=
option tomake-standalone-toolchain.sh
, for example:--toolchain=arm-linux-androideabi-4.7
Note: This feature is experimental. Please try it and report any issues.
- For
- Added
stlport
exception support via gabi++. Note that the new gabi++ depends ondlopen
and related code, meaning that:- You can no longer build a static executable using the
-static
option or includelibstlport_static.a
usingAPP_STL := stlport_static
. (You can still use the-static
option with a standalone toolchain.) Compiling a dynamic executable usinginclude $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
continues to work because the compiler automatically adds the-ldl
option. - If your project links using
-nostdlib
and {-Wl,--no-undefined}, you must manually include the-ldl
option.
CPLUSPLUS-SUPPORT.html
.Note: This feature is experimental and works better with the GCC 4.6/4.7 compilers than with GCC 4.4.3 or Clang 3.1. Please try it and report any issues.
- You can no longer build a static executable using the
- Added a
-mstack-protector-guard=
option for x86 to choose between a global default path which is compatible with older Android C library (bionic) and a new tls path (%gs:20) for-fstack-protector
,-fstack-protector-all
and-fstack-protector-strong
using the GCC 4.6 and higher compilers.Note: The
-mstack-protector-guard
setting itself does not enable any-fstack-protector*
options. - Added
android_setCpu()
function tosources/android/cpufeatures/cpu-features.c
for use when auto-detection via/proc
is not possible in Android 4.1 and higher. (Chromium Issue 164154)
- Added the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.7 compiler to the NDK. The GCC 4.6 compiler
is still the default, so you must to explicitly enable the new version as follows:
- Important bug fixes:
-
- Fixed unnecessary rebuild of object files when using the
ndk-build
script. (Issue 39810) - Fixed a linker failure with the NDK 8c release for Mac OS X 10.6.x that produced the
following error:
This problem was caused by building on Mac OS X 10.7, which produced binaries that were not compatible with Mac OS 10.6.x and the NDK.dyld: lazy symbol binding failed: Symbol not found: _memmem Referenced from: ...../arm-linux-androideabi/bin/ld Expected in: /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib
- Removed the
-x c++
options from the Clang++ standalone build script. (Issue 39089) - Fixed issues using the
NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang3.1
option in Cygwin. (Issue 39585) - Fixed the
make-standalone-toolchain.sh
script to allow generation of a standalone toolchain using the Cygwin or MinGW environments. The resulting toolchain can be used in Cygwin, MingGW or CMD.exe environments. (Issue 39915, Issue 39585) - Added missing
SL_IID_ANDROIDBUFFERQUEUESOURCE
option in android-14 builds for ARM and X86. (Issue 40625) - Fixed x86 CPU detection for the
ANDROID_CPU_X86_FEATURE_MOVBE
feature. (Issue 39317) - Fixed an issue preventing the Standard Template Library (STL) from using C++
sources that do not have a
.cpp
file extension. - Fixed GCC 4.6 ARM internal compiler error at reload1.c:1061. (Issue 20862)
- Fixed GCC 4.4.3 ARM internal compiler error at emit-rtl.c:1954. (Issue 22336)
- Fixed GCC 4.4.3 ARM internal compiler error at postreload.c:396. (Issue 22345)
- Fixed problem with GCC 4.6/4.7 skipping lambda functions. (Issue 35933)
- Fixed unnecessary rebuild of object files when using the
- Other bug fixes:
-
- NDK header file fixes:
- Fixed
__WINT_TYPE__
andwint_t
to be the same type. - Corrected typo in
android/bitmap.h
. (Issue 15134) - Corrected typo in
errno.h
. - Added check for the presence of
__STDC_VERSION__
insys/cdefs.h
. (Issue 14627) - Reorganized headers in
byteswap.h
anddirent.h
. - Fixed
limits.h
to includepage.h
which providesPAGE_SIZE
settings. (Issue 39983) - Fixed return type of
glGetAttribLocation()
andglGetUniformLocation()
fromint
toGLint
. - Fixed
__BYTE_ORDER
constant for x86 builds. (Issue 39824)
- Fixed
- Fixed
ndk-build
script to not overwrite-Os
with-O2
for ARM builds. - Fixed build scripts to allow overwriting of
HOST_AWK
,HOST_SED
, andHOST_MAKE
settings. - Fixed issue for
ld.gold
onfsck_msdos
builds linking objects built by the Intel C/C++ compiler (ICC). - Fixed ARM EHABI support in Clang to conform to specifications.
- Fixed GNU Debugger (GDB) to shorten the time spent on walking the target's link map
during
solib
events. (Issue 38402) - Fixed missing
libgcc.a
file when linking shared libraries.
- NDK header file fixes:
- Other changes:
-
- Backported 64-bit built-in atomic functions for ARM to GCC 4.6.
- Added documentation for audio output latency, along with other documentation and fixes.
- Fixed debug builds with Clang so that non-void functions now raise a
SIGILL
signal for paths without a return statement. - Updated
make-standalone-toolchain.sh
to accept the suffix-clang3.1
which is equivalent to adding--llvm-version=3.1
to the GCC 4.6 toolchain. - Updated GCC and Clang bug report URL to: https://source.android.com/source/report-bug s.html
- Added ARM ELF support to
llvm-objdump
. - Suppressed treating c input as c++ warning for Clang builds.
- Updated build so that only the 32-bit version of
libiberty.a
is built and placed inlib32/
.
Android NDK r8c (November 2012)
- Important changes:
-
- Added the Clang 3.1 compiler to the NDK. The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.6 is
still the default, so you must explicitly enable the Clang compiler option as follows:
- For
ndk-build
, exportNDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang3.1
or add this environment variable setting toApplication.mk
. - For standalone builds, add
--llvm-version=3.1
tomake-standalone-toolchain.sh
and replaceCC
andCXX
in your makefile with<tool-path>/bin/clang
and<tool-path>/bin/clang++
. SeeSTANDALONE-TOOLCHAIN.html
for details.
Note: This feature is experimental. Please try it and report any issues.
- For
- Added Gold linker
ld.gold
for the Windows toolchain. Gold linker is also the default for ARM and X86 on all hosts. You may override it to use theld.bfd
linker by addingLOCAL_LDFLAGS += -fuse-ld=bfd
toAndroid.mk
, or by passing-fuse-ld=bfd
to the g++/clang++ command line that does the linking. - Added checks for spaces in the NDK path to the
ndk-build[.cmd]
andndk-gdb
scripts, to prevent build errors that are difficult to diagnose. - Made the following changes to API level handling:
- Modified build logic so that projects that specify
android-10
throughandroid-13
inAPP_PLATFORM
,project.properties
ordefault.properties
link againstandroid-9
instead ofandroid-14
. - Updated build so that executables using android-16 (Jelly Bean) or higher are
compiled with the
-fPIE
option for position-independent executables (PIE). A newAPP_PIE
option allows you to control this behavior. SeeAPPLICATION-MK.html
for details.Note: All API levels above 14 still link against
platforms/android-14
and no newplatforms/android-N
have been added. - Modified
ndk-build
to provide warnings if the adjusted API level is larger thanandroid:minSdkVersion
in the project'sAndroidManifest.xml
.
- Modified build logic so that projects that specify
- Updated the
cpu-features
helper library to include more ARM-specific features. Seesources/android/cpufeatures/cpu-features.h
for details. - Modified the long double on the X86 platform to be 8 bytes. This data type is now the same size as a double, but is still treated as a distinct type.
- Updated build for
APP_ABI=armeabi-v7a
:- Modified this build type to pass the
-march=armv7-a
parameter to the linker. This change ensures that v7-specific libraries andcrt*.o
are linked correctly. - Added
-mfpu=vfpv3-d16
tondk-build
instead of the-mfpu=vfp
option used in previous releases.
- Modified this build type to pass the
- Added the Clang 3.1 compiler to the NDK. The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.6 is
still the default, so you must explicitly enable the Clang compiler option as follows:
- Important bug fixes:
-
- Fixed an issue where running
make-standalone-toolchain.sh
with root privileges resulted in the stand alone tool chain being inaccessible to some users. (Issue 35279)- All files and executables in the NDK release package are set to have read and execute permissions for all.
- The ownership/group of
libstdc++.a
is now preserved when copied.
- Removed redundant
\r
from Windows prebuiltecho.exe
. The redundant\r
causedgdb.setup
to fail in the GNU Debugger (GDB) because it incorrectly became part of the path. (Issue 36054) - Fixed Windows parallel builds that sometimes failed due to timing issues in the
host-mkdir
implementation. (Issue 25875) - Fixed GCC 4.4.3 GNU
libstdc++
to not mergetypeinfo
names by default. For more details, seetoolchain repo gcc/gcc-4.4.3/libstdc++-v3/libsupc++/typeinfo
. (Issue 22165) - Fixed problem on
null
context in GCC 4.6cp/mangle.c::write_unscoped_name
, where GCC may crash when the context isnull
and dereferenced inTREE_CODE
. - Fixed GCC 4.4.3 crashes on ARM NEON-specific type definitions for floats. (Issue 34613)
- Fixed the
STLport
internal_IteWrapper::operator*()
implementation where a stale stack location holding the dereferenced value was returned and caused runtime crashes. (Issue 38630) - ARM-specific fixes:
- Fixed ARM GCC 4.4.3/4.6
g++
to not warn that the mangling of <va_list> was changed in GCC 4.4. The workaround using the-Wno-psabi
switch to avoid this warning is no longer required. - Fixed an issue when a project with
.arm
or.neon
suffixes inLOCAL_SRC_FILES
also usedAPP_STL
. WithAPP_STL
, thendk-build
script searches for C++ files inLOCAL_SRC_FILES
before adding STLheader/lib
paths to compilation. Modifiedndk-build
to filter out.arm
and.neon
suffixes before the search, otherwise items inLOCAL_SRC_FILES
likemyfile.cpp.arm.neon
won't be compiled as C++ code. - Fixed
binutils-2.21/ld.bfd
to be capable of linking object from older binutils withouttag_FP_arch
, which was producing assertion fail error messages in GNU Binutils. (Issue 35209) - Removed Unknown EABI object attribute 44 warning when
binutils-2.19/ld
links prebuilt object by newerbinutils-2.21
- Fixed an issue in GNU
stdc++
compilation with both-mthumb
and-march=armv7-a
, by modifyingmake-standalone-toolchain.sh
to populateheaders/libs
in sub-directoryarmv7-a/thumb
. (Issue 35616) - Fixed unresolvable R_ARM_THM_CALL relocation error. (Issue 35342)
- Fixed internal compiler error at
reload1.c:3633
, caused by the ARM back-end expecting the wrong operand type when sign-extend fromchar
. (GCC Issue 50099) - Fixed internal compiler error with negative shift amount. (GCC Issue)
- Fixed ARM GCC 4.4.3/4.6
- Fixed
-fstack-protector
for X86, which is also the default for thendk-build
x86 ABI target. - MIPS-specific fixes:
- Fixed
STLport
endian-ness by setting_STLP_LITTLE_ENDIAN
to 1 when compiling MIPSlibstlport_*
. - Fixed GCC
__builtin_unreachable
issue when compiling LLVM. (GCC Issue 54369) - Backported fix for
cc1
compile process consuming 100% CPU. (GCC Issue 50380)
- Fixed
- GNU Debugger-specific fixes:
- Disabled Python support in gdb-7.x at build, otherwise the gdb-7.x configure
function may pick up whatever Python version is available on the host and build
gdb
with a hard-wired dependency on a specific version of Python. (Issue 36120) - Fixed
ndk-gdb
whenAPP_ABI
containsall
and matches none of the known architectures. (Issue 35392) - Fixed Windows pathname support, by keeping the
:
character if it looks like it could be part of a Windows path starting with a drive letter. (GDB Issue 12843) - Fixed adding of hardware breakpoint support for ARM in
gdbserver
. (GDB Issue) - Added fix to only read the current
solibs
when the linker is consistent. This change speeds upsolib
event handling. (Issue 37677) - Added fix to make repeated attempts to find
solib
breakpoints. GDB now retriesenable_break()
during every call tosvr4_current_sos()
until it succeeds. (Change 43563) - Fixed an issue where
gdb
would not stop on breakpoints placed indlopen-ed
libraries. (Issue 34856) - Fixed
SIGILL
in dynamic linker when callingdlopen()
, on system where/system/bin/linker
is stripped of symbols andrtld_db_dlactivity()
is implemented asThumb
, due to not preservingLSB
ofsym_addr
. (Issue 37147)
- Disabled Python support in gdb-7.x at build, otherwise the gdb-7.x configure
function may pick up whatever Python version is available on the host and build
- Fixed an issue where running
- Other bug fixes:
-
- Fixed NDK headers:
- Fixed
arch-mips/include/asm/*
code that was incorrectly removed from original kernel. (Change 43335) - Replaced struct member data
__unused
with__linux_unused
inlinux/sysctl.h
andlinux/icmp.h
to avoid conflict with#define __unused
insys/cdefs.h
. - Fixed
fenv.h
for enclosed C functions with__BEGIN_DECLS
and__END_DECLS
. - Removed unimplemented functions in
malloc.h
. - Fixed
stdint.h
definition ofuint64_t
for ANSI compilers. (Issue 1952) - Fixed preprocessor macros in
<arch>/include/machine/*
. - Replaced
link.h
for MIPS with new version supporting all platforms. - Removed
linux-unistd.h
- Move GLibc-specific macros
LONG_LONG_MIN
,LONG_LONG_MAX
andULONG_LONG_MAX
from<pthread.h>
to<limits.h>
.
- Fixed
- Fixed a buffer overflow in
ndk-stack-parser
. - Fixed
_STLP_USE_EXCEPTIONS
, when not defined, to omit all declarations and uses of__Named_exception
. Compiling and use of__Named_exception
settings only occurs whenSTLport
is allowed to use exceptions. - Fixed building of Linux-only NDK packages without also building Windows code. Use the
following settings to perform this type of build:
./build/tools/make-release.sh --force --systems=linux-x86
- Fixed
libc.so
so it does not exportatexit()
and__do_handler
. These symbols are exported for ARM builds by the system version of the C library to support legacy native libraries. NDK-generated should never reference them directly. Instead, each shared library or executable should embed its own version of these symbols, provided bycrtbegin_*.o
.If your project is linked with the
-nostdlib -Wl,--no-undefined
options, you must provide your own__dso_handle
becausecrtbegin_so.o
is not linked in this case. The content of__dso_handle
does not matter, as shown in the following example code:extern "C" { extern void *__dso_handle __attribute__((__visibility__ ("hidden"))); void *__dso_handle; }
- Fixed symbol decoder for ARM used in
objdump
forplt
entries to generate a more readable formfunction@plt
. - Removed the following symbols, introduced in GCC 4.6
libgcc.a
, from the X86 platformlibc.so
library:__aeabi_idiv0
,__aeabi_ldiv0
,__aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr1
, and__aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr2
. - Removed unused
.ctors
,.dtors
, and.eh_frame
in MIPScrt*_so.S
. - Updated
ndk-gdb
so that it only takes the last line of output forndk-build
DUMP_XXXX
. This change ensures that ifApplication.mk
orAndroid.mk
print something with$(info ...)
syntax, it does not get injected into the result ofDUMP_XXXX
. (More info)
- Fixed NDK headers:
- Other changes:
-
- Removed
arch-x86
andarch-mips
headers fromplatforms/android-[3,4,5,8]
. Those headers were incomplete, since both X86 and MIPS ABIs are only supported at API 9 or higher. - Simplified c++ include path in standalone packages, as shown below.
(Issue 35279)
<path>/arm-linux-androideabi/include/c++/4.6.x-google to: <path>/include/c++/4.6/
- Fixed
ndk-build
to recognize more C++ file extensions by default:.cc .cp .cxx .cpp .CPP .c++ .C
. You may still useLOCAL_CPP_EXTENSION
to overwrite these extension settings. - Fixed an issue in
samples/san-angeles
that caused a black screen or freeze frame on re-launch. - Replaced deprecated APIs in NDK samples.
(Issue 20017)
hello-gl2
from android-5 to android-7native-activity
from android-9 to android-10native-audio
from android-9 to android-10native-plasma
from android-9 to android-10
- Added new branding for Android executables with a simpler scheme in section
.note.android.ident
(defined incrtbegin_static/dynamic.o
) so that debugging tools can act accordingly. The structure member and values are defined as follows:static const struct { int32_t namesz; /* = 8, sizeof ("Android") */ int32_t descsz; /* = 1 * sizeof(int32_t) */ int32_t type; /* = 1, ABI_NOTETYPE */ char name[sizeof "Android"]; /* = "Android" */ int32_t android_api; /* = 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 14 */ }
The previous branding options in section
.note.ABI-tag
are deprecated. - Added a new script
run-tests-all.sh
which callsrun-tests.sh
andstandalone/run.sh
with various conditions. The scriptrun-tests.sh
runs without the--abi
option, and is enhanced to compile most of the tests for all supported ABIs and run on all attached devices
- Removed
Android NDK r8b (July 2012)
The main features of this release are a new GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.6 toolchain and GNU Debugger (GDB) 7.3.x which adds debugging support for the Android 4.1 (API Level 16) system image.
- Important bug fixes:
-
- Fixed
LOCAL_SHORT_COMMANDS
issues on Mac OS, Windows Cygwin environments for static libraries. List file generation is faster, and it is not regenerated to avoid repeated project rebuilds. - Fixed several issues in
ndk-gdb
:- Updated tool to pass flags
-e
,-d
and-s
to adb more consistently. - Updated tool to accept device serial names containing spaces.
- Updated tool to retrieve
/system/bin/link
information, sogdb
on the host can set a breakpoint in__dl_rtld_db_dlactivity
and be aware of linker activity (e.g., rescansolib
symbols whendlopen()
is called).
- Updated tool to pass flags
- Fixed
ndk-build clean
on Windows, which was failing to remove./libs/*/lib*.so
. - Fixed
ndk-build.cmd
to return a non-zeroERRORLEVEL
whenmake
fails. - Fixed
libc.so
to stop incorrectly exporting the__exidx_start
and__exidx_end
symbols. - Fixed
SEGV
when unwinding the stack past__libc_init
for ARM and MIPS.
- Fixed
- Important changes:
-
- Added GCC 4.6 toolchain (
binutils
2.21 withgold
and GDB 7.3.x) to co-exist with the original GCC 4.4.3 toolchain (binutils
2.19 and GDB 6.6).- GCC 4.6 is now the default toolchain. You may set
NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=4.4.3
inApplication.mk
to select the original one. - Support for the
gold
linker is only available for ARM and x86 architectures on Linux and Mac OS hosts. This support is disabled by default. AddLOCAL_LDLIBS += -fuse-ld=gold
inAndroid.mk
to enable it. - Programs compiled with
-fPIE
require the newGDB
for debugging, including binaries in Android 4.1 (API Level 16) system images. - The
binutils
2.21ld
tool contains back-ported fixes from version 2.22:- Fixed
ld --gc-sections
, which incorrectly retains zombie references to external libraries. (more info). - Fixed ARM
strip
command to preserve the originalp_align
andp_flags
inGNU_RELRO
section if they are valid. Without this fix, programs built with-fPIE
could not be debugged. (mor e info)
- Fixed
- Disabled
sincos()
optimization for compatibility with older platforms.
- GCC 4.6 is now the default toolchain. You may set
- Updated build options to enable the Never eXecute (NX) bit and
relro
/bind_now
protections by default:- Added
--noexecstack
to assembler and-z noexecstack
to linker that provides NX protection against buffer overflow attacks by enabling NX bit on stack and heap. - Added
-z relro
and-z now
to linker for hardening of internal data sections after linking to guard against security vulnerabilities caused by memory corruption. (more info: 1, 2) - These features can be disabled using the following options:
- Disable NX protection by setting the
--execstack
option for the assembler and-z execstack
for the linker. - Disable hardening of internal data by setting the
-z norelro
and-z lazy
options for the linker. - Disable these protections in the NDK
jni/Android.mk
by setting the following options:LOCAL_DISABLE_NO_EXECUTE=true # disable "--noexecstack" and "-z noexecstack" DISABLE_RELRO=true # disable "-z relro" and "-z now"
See
docs/ANDROID-MK.html
for more details. - Disable NX protection by setting the
- Added
- Added branding for Android executables with the
.note.ABI-tag
section (incrtbegin_static/dynamic.o
) so that debugging tools can act accordingly. The structure member and values are defined as follows:static const struct { int32_t namesz; /* = 4, sizeof ("GNU") */ int32_t descsz; /* = 6 * sizeof(int32_t) */ int32_t type; /* = 1 */ char name[sizeof "GNU"]; /* = "GNU" */ int32_t os; /* = 0 */ int32_t major; /* = 2 */ int32_t minor; /* = 6 */ int32_t teeny; /* = 15 */ int32_t os_variant; /* = 1 */ int32_t android_api; /* = 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 14 */ }
- Added GCC 4.6 toolchain (
- Other bug fixes:
-
- Fixed
mips-linux-gnu
relocation truncated to fitR_MIPS_TLS_LDM
issue. (more info) - Fixed
ld
tool segfaults when using--gc-sections
. (more info) - Fixed MIPS
GOT_PAGE
counting issue. (more info) - Fixed follow warning symbol link for
mips_elf_count_got_symbols
. - Fixed follow warning symbol link for
mips_elf_allocate_lazy_stub
. - Moved MIPS
.dynamic
to the data segment, so that it is writable. - Replaced hard-coded values for symbols with correct segment sizes for MIPS.
- Removed the
-mno-shared
option from the defaults in the MIPS toolchain. The default for Android toolchain is-fPIC
(or-fpic
if supported). If you do not explicitly specify-mshared
,-fpic
,-fPIC
,-fpie
, or-fPIE
, the MIPS compiler adds-mno-shared
that turns off PIC. Fixed compiler not to add-mno-shared
in this case. - Fixed wrong package names in samples
hello-jni
andtwo-libs
so that thetests
project underneath it can compile.
- Fixed
- Other Changes:
-
- Changed locations of binaries:
- Moved
gdbserver
fromtoolchain/<arch-os-ver>/prebuilt/gdbserver
toprebuilt/android-<arch>/gdbserver/gdbserver
. - Renamed x86 toolchain prefix from
i686-android-linux-
toi686-linux-android-
. - Moved
sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/include
andlib
tosources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.6
when compiled with GCC 4.6, orsources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.4.3
when compiled with GCC 4.4.3. - Moved
libbfd.a
andlibintl.a
fromlib/
tolib32/
.
- Moved
- Added and improved various scripts in the rebuild and test NDK toolchain:
- Added
build-mingw64-toolchain.sh
to generate a new Linux-hosted toolchain that generates Win32 and Win64 executables. - Improved speed of
download-toolchain-sources.sh
by using theclone
command and only usingcheckout
for the directories that are needed to build the NDK toolchain binaries. - Added
build-host-gcc.sh
andbuild-host-gdb.sh
scripts. - Added
tests/check-release.sh
to check the content of a given NDK installation directory, or an existing NDK package. - Rewrote the
tests/standalone/run.sh
standalone tests .
- Added
- Removed
if_dl.h
header from all platforms and architectures. TheAF_LINK
andsockaddr_dl
elements it describes are specific to BSD (i.e., they don't exist in Linux).
- Changed locations of binaries:
Android NDK r8 (May 2012)
This release of the NDK includes support for MIPS ABI and a few additional fixes.
- New features:
-
- Added support for the MIPS ABI, which allows you to generate machine code that runs on
compatible MIPS-based Android devices. Major features for MIPS include MIPS-specific
toolchains, system headers, libraries and debugging support. For more details regarding
MIPS support, see
docs/CPU-MIPS.html
in the NDK package.By default, code is generated for ARM-based devices. You can add
mips
to yourAPP_ABI
definition in yourApplication.mk
file to build for MIPS platforms. For example, the following line instructsndk-build
to build your code for three distinct ABIs:APP_ABI := armeabi armeabi-v7a mips
Unless you rely on architecture-specific assembly sources, such as ARM assembly code, you should not need to touch your
Android.mk
files to build MIPS machine code. - You can build a standalone MIPS toolchain using the
--arch=mips
option when callingmake-standalone-toolchain.sh
. Seedocs/STANDALONE-TOOLCHAIN.html
for more details.
Note: To ensure that your applications are available to users only if their devices are capable of running them, Google Play filters applications based on the instruction set information included in your application ? no action is needed on your part to enable the filtering. Additionally, the Android system itself also checks your application at install time and allows the installation to continue only if the application provides a library that is compiled for the device's CPU architecture.
- Added support for the MIPS ABI, which allows you to generate machine code that runs on
compatible MIPS-based Android devices. Major features for MIPS include MIPS-specific
toolchains, system headers, libraries and debugging support. For more details regarding
MIPS support, see
- Important bug fixes:
-
- Fixed a typo in GAbi++ implementation where the result of
dynamic_cast<D>(b)
of base class objectb
to derived classD
is incorrectly adjusted in the opposite direction from the base class. (Issue 28721) - Fixed an issue in which
make-standalone-toolchain.sh
fails to copylibsupc++.*
.
- Fixed a typo in GAbi++ implementation where the result of
- Other bug fixes:
-
- Fixed
ndk-build.cmd
to ensure thatndk-build.cmd
works correctly even if the user has redefined theSHELL
environment variable, which may be changed when installing a variety of development tools in Windows environments.
- Fixed
Android NDK r7c (April 2012)
This release of the NDK includes an important fix for Tegra2-based devices, and a few additional fixes and improvements:
- Important bug fixes:
-
- Fixed GNU STL armeabi-v7a binaries to not crash on non-NEON
devices. The files provided with NDK r7b were not configured properly,
resulting in crashes on Tegra2-based devices and others when trying to use
certain floating-point functions (e.g.,
cosf
,sinf
,expf
).
- Fixed GNU STL armeabi-v7a binaries to not crash on non-NEON
devices. The files provided with NDK r7b were not configured properly,
resulting in crashes on Tegra2-based devices and others when trying to use
certain floating-point functions (e.g.,
- Important changes:
-
- Added support for custom output directories through the
NDK_OUT
environment variable. When defined, this variable is used to store all intermediate generated files, instead of$PROJECT_PATH/obj
. The variable is also recognized byndk-gdb
. - Added support for building modules with hundreds or even thousands of source
files by defining
LOCAL_SHORT_COMMANDS
totrue
in yourAndroid.mk
.This change forces the NDK build system to put most linker or archiver options into list files, as a work-around for command-line length limitations. See
docs/ANDROID-MK.html
for details.
- Added support for custom output directories through the
- Other bug fixes:
-
- Fixed
android_getCpuCount()
implementation in thecpufeatures
helper library. On certain devices, where cores are enabled dynamically by the system, the previous implementation would report the total number of active cores the first time the function was called, rather than the total number of physically available cores.
- Fixed
Android NDK r7b (February 2012)
This release of the NDK includes fixes for native Windows builds, Cygwin and many other improvements:
- Important bug fixes:
-
- Updated
sys/atomics.h
to avoid correctness issues on some multi-core ARM-based devices. Rebuild your unmodified sources with this version of the NDK and this problem should be completely eliminated. For more details, readdocs/ANDROID-ATOMICS.html
. - Reverted to
binutils
2.19 to fix debugging issues that appeared in NDK r7 (which switched tobinutils
2.20.1). - Fixed
ndk-build
on 32-bit Linux. A packaging error put a 64-bit version of theawk
executable underprebuilt/linux-x86/bin
in NDK r7. - Fixed native Windows build (
ndk-build.cmd
). Other build modes were not affected. The fixes include:- Removed an infinite loop / stack overflow bug that happened when trying
to call
ndk-build.cmd
from a directory that was not the top of your project path (e.g., in any sub-directory of it). - Fixed a problem where the auto-generated dependency files were ignored. This meant that updating a header didn't trigger recompilation of sources that included it.
- Fixed a problem where special characters in files or paths, other than spaces and quotes, were not correctly handled.
- Removed an infinite loop / stack overflow bug that happened when trying
to call
- Fixed the standalone toolchain to generate proper binaries when using
-lstdc++
(i.e., linking against the GNUlibstdc++
C++ runtime). You should use-lgnustl_shared
if you want to link against the shared library version or-lstdc++
for the static version.See
docs/STANDALONE-TOOLCHAIN.html
for more details about this fix. - Fixed
gnustl_shared
on Cygwin. The linker complained that it couldn't findlibsupc++.a
even though the file was at the right location. - Fixed Cygwin C++ link when not using any specific C++ runtime through
APP_STL
.
- Updated
- Other changes:
-
- When your application uses the GNU
libstdc++
runtime, the compiler will no longer forcibly enable exceptions and RTTI. This change results in smaller code.If you need these features, you must do one of the following:
- Enable exceptions and/or RTTI explicitly in your modules or
Application.mk
. (recommended) - Define
APP_GNUSTL_FORCE_CPP_FEATURES
to'exceptions'
,'rtti'
or both in yourApplication.mk
. Seedocs/APPLICATION-MK.html
for more details.
- Enable exceptions and/or RTTI explicitly in your modules or
ndk-gdb
now works properly when your application has private services running in independent processes. It debugs the main application process, instead of the first process listed byps
, which is usually a service process.- Fixed a rare bug where NDK r7 would fail to honor the
LOCAL_ARM_MODE
value and always compile certain source files (but not all) to 32-bit instructions. STLport
: Refresh the sources to match the Android platform version. This update fixes a few minor bugs:- Fixed instantiation of an incomplete type
- Fixed minor "==" versus "=" typo
- Used
memmove
instead ofmemcpy
instring::assign
- Added better handling of
IsNANorINF
,IsINF
,IsNegNAN
, etc.
For complete details, see the commit log.
STLport
: Removed 5 unnecessary static initializers from the library.- The GNU libstdc++ libraries for armeabi-v7a were mistakenly compiled for armeabi instead. This change had no impact on correctness, but using the right ABI should provide slightly better performance.
- The
cpu-features
helper library was updated to report three optional x86 CPU features (SSSE3
,MOVBE
andPOPCNT
). Seedocs/CPU-FEATURES.html
for more details. docs/NDK-BUILD.html
was updated to mentionNDK_APPLICATION_MK
instead ofNDK_APP_APPLICATION_MK
to select a customApplication.mk
file.- Cygwin:
ndk-build
no longer creates an empty "NUL" file in the current directory when invoked. - Cygwin: Added better automatic dependency detection. In the previous version, it
didn't work properly in the following cases:
- When the Cygwin drive prefix was not
/cygdrive
. - When using drive-less mounts, for example, when Cygwin would translate
/home
to\\server\subdir
instead ofC:\Some\Dir
.
- When the Cygwin drive prefix was not
- Cygwin:
ndk-build
does not try to use the native Windows tools under$NDK/prebuilt/windows/bin
with certain versions of Cygwin and/or GNU Make.
- When your application uses the GNU
Android NDK r7 (November 2011)
This release of the NDK includes new features to support the Android 4.0 platform as well as many other additions and improvements:
- New features
-
- Added official NDK APIs for Android 4.0 (API level 14), which adds the following
native features to the platform:
- Added native multimedia API based on the Khronos Group OpenMAX AL 1.0.1
standard. The new
<OMXAL/OpenMAXAL.h>
and<OMXAL/OpenMAXAL_Android.h>
headers allow applications targeting API level 14 to perform multimedia output directly from native code by using a new Android-specific buffer queue interface. For more details, seedocs/openmaxal/index.html
and http://www.khronos.org/openmax/. - Updated the native audio API based on the Khronos Group OpenSL ES 1.0.1
standard. With API Level 14, you can now decode compressed audio (e.g. MP3, AAC,
Vorbis) to PCM. For more details, see
docs/opensles/index.html
and http://www.khronos.org/opensles/.
- Added native multimedia API based on the Khronos Group OpenMAX AL 1.0.1
standard. The new
- Added CCache support. To speed up large rebuilds, define the
NDK_CCACHE
environment variable toccache
(or the path to yourccache
binary). When declared, the NDK build system automatically uses CCache when compiling any source file. For example:export NDK_CCACHE=ccache
Note: CCache is not included in the NDK release so you must have it installed prior to using it. For more information about CCache, see http://ccache.samba.org.
- Added support for setting
APP_ABI
toall
to indicate that you want to build your NDK modules for all the ABIs supported by your given NDK release. This means that either one of the following two lines in yourApplication.mk
are equivalent with this release:APP_ABI := all APP_ABI := armeabi armeabi-v7a x86
This also works if you define
APP_ABI
when callingndk-build
from the command-line, which is a quick way to check that your project builds for all supported ABIs without changing the project'sApplication.mk file
. For example:ndk-build APP_ABI=all
- Added a
LOCAL_CPP_FEATURES
variable inAndroid.mk
that allows you to declare which C++ features (RTTI or Exceptions) your module uses. This ensures that the final linking works correctly if you have prebuilt modules that depend on these features. Seedocs/ANDROID-MK.html
anddocs/CPLUSPLUS-SUPPORT.html
for more details. - Shortened paths to source and object files that are used in build commands. When
invoking
$NDK/ndk-build
from your project path, the paths to the source, object, and binary files that are passed to the build commands are significantly shorter now, because they are passed relative to the current directory. This is useful when building projects with a lot of source files, to avoid limits on the maximum command line length supported by your host operating system. The behavior is unchanged if you invokendk-build
from a sub-directory of your project tree, or if you defineNDK_PROJECT_PATH
to point to a specific directory.
- Added official NDK APIs for Android 4.0 (API level 14), which adds the following
native features to the platform:
- Experimental features
-
You can now build your NDK source files on Windows without Cygwin by calling the
ndk-build.cmd
script from the command line from your project path. The script takes exactly the same arguments as the originalndk-build
script. The Windows NDK package comes with its own prebuilt binaries for GNU Make, Awk and other tools required by the build. You should not need to install anything else to get a working build system.Important:
ndk-gdb
does not work on Windows, so you still need Cygwin to debug.This feature is still experimental, so feel free to try it and report issues on the public bug database or public forum. All samples and unit tests shipped with the NDK successfully compile with this feature.
- Important bug fixes
-
- Imported shared libraries are now installed by default to the target installation
location (
libs/<abi>
) ifAPP_MODULES
is not defined in yourApplication.mk
. For example, if a top-level modulefoo
imports a modulebar
, then bothlibfoo.so
andlibbar.so
are copied to the install location. Previously, onlylibfoo.so
was copied, unless you listedbar
in yourAPP_MODULES
too. If you defineAPP_MODULES
explicitly, the behavior is unchanged. ndk-gdb
now works correctly for activities with multiple categories in their MAIN intent filters.- Static library imports are now properly transitive. For example, if a top-level
module
foo
imports static librarybar
that imports static libraryzoo
, thelibfoo.so
will now be linked against bothlibbar.a
andlibzoo.a
.
- Imported shared libraries are now installed by default to the target installation
location (
- Other changes
-
docs/NATIVE-ACTIVITY.HTML
: Fixed typo. The minimum API level should be 9, not 8 for native activities.docs/STABLE-APIS.html
: Added missing documentation listing EGL as a supported stable API, starting from API level 9.download-toolchain-sources.sh
: Updated to download the toolchain sources from android.googlesource.com, which is the new location for the AOSP servers.- Added a new C++ support runtime named
gabi++
. More details about it are available in the updateddocs/CPLUSPLUS-SUPPORT.html
. - Added a new C++ support runtime named
gnustl_shared
that corresponds to the shared library version of GNU libstdc++ v3 (GPLv3 license). See more info atdocs/CPLUSPLUS-SUPPORT.html
- Added support for RTTI in the STLport C++ runtimes (no support for exceptions).
- Added support for multiple file extensions in
LOCAL_CPP_EXTENSION
. For example, to compile bothfoo.cpp
andbar.cxx
as C++ sources, declare the following:LOCAL_CPP_EXTENSION := .cpp .cxx
- Removed many unwanted exported symbols from the link-time shared system libraries provided by the NDK. This ensures that code generated with the standalone toolchain doesn't risk to accidentally depend on a non-stable ABI symbol (e.g. any libgcc.a symbol that changes each time the toolchain used to build the platform is changed)
- Refreshed the EGL and OpenGLES Khronos headers to support more extensions. Note
that this does not change the NDK ABIs for the corresponding libraries,
because each extension must be probed at runtime by the client application.
The extensions that are available depend on your actual device and GPU drivers, not the platform version the device runs on. The header changes simply add new constants and types to make it easier to use the extensions when they have been probed with
eglGetProcAddress()
orglGetProcAddress()
. The following list describes the newly supported extensions:- GLES 1.x
-
GL_OES_vertex_array_object
GL_OES_EGL_image_external
GL_APPLE_texture_2D_limited_npot
GL_EXT_blend_minmax
GL_EXT_discard_framebuffer
GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays
GL_EXT_read_format_bgra
GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic
GL_EXT_texture_format_BGRA8888
GL_EXT_texture_lod_bias
GL_IMG_read_format
GL_IMG_texture_compression_pvrtc
GL_IMG_texture_env_enhanced_fixed_function
GL_IMG_user_clip_plane
GL_IMG_multisampled_render_to_texture
GL_NV_fence
GL_QCOM_driver_control
GL_QCOM_extended_get
GL_QCOM_extended_get2
GL_QCOM_perfmon_global_mode
GL_QCOM_writeonly_rendering
GL_QCOM_tiled_rendering
- GLES 2.0
-
GL_OES_element_index_uint
GL_OES_get_program_binary
GL_OES_mapbuffer
GL_OES_packed_depth_stencil
GL_OES_texture_3D
GL_OES_texture_float
GL_OES_texture_float_linear
GL_OES_texture_half_float_linear
GL_OES_texture_npot
GL_OES_vertex_array_object
GL_OES_EGL_image_external
GL_AMD_program_binary_Z400
GL_EXT_blend_minmax
GL_EXT_discard_framebuffer
GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays
GL_EXT_read_format_bgra
GL_EXT_texture_format_BGRA8888
GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt1
GL_IMG_program_binary
GL_IMG_read_format
GL_IMG_shader_binary
GL_IMG_texture_compression_pvrtc
GL_IMG_multisampled_render_to_texture
GL_NV_coverage_sample
GL_NV_depth_nonlinear
GL_QCOM_extended_get
GL_QCOM_extended_get2
GL_QCOM_writeonly_rendering
GL_QCOM_tiled_rendering
- EGL
-
EGL_ANDROID_recordable
EGL_NV_system_time
Android NDK r6b (August 2011)
This release of the NDK does not include any new features compared to r6. The r6b release addresses the following issues in the r6 release:
- Important bug fixes
-
- Fixed the build when
APP_ABI="armeabi x86"
is used for multi-architecture builds. - Fixed the location of prebuilt STLport binaries in the NDK release package. A bug in the packaging script placed them in the wrong location.
- Fixed
atexit()
usage in shared libraries with the x86standalone toolchain. - Fixed
make-standalone-toolchain.sh --arch=x86
. It used to fail to copy the proper GNU libstdc++ binaries to the right location. - Fixed the standalone toolchain linker warnings about missing the definition and
size for the
__dso_handle
symbol (ARM only). - Fixed the inclusion order of
$(SYSROOT)/usr/include
for x86 builds. See the bug for more information. - Fixed the definitions of
ptrdiff_t
andsize_t
in x86-specific systems when they are used with the x86 standalone toolchain.
- Fixed the build when
Android NDK r6 (July 2011)
This release of the NDK includes support for the x86 ABI and other minor changes.
For detailed information describing the changes in this release, read the
CHANGES.HTML
document included in the NDK package.
- General notes:
-
- Adds support for the x86 ABI, which allows you to generate machine code
that runs on compatible x86-based Android devices. Major features for x86
include x86-specific toolchains, system headers, libraries and
debugging support. For all of the details regarding x86 support,
see
docs/CPU-X86.html
in the NDK package.By default, code is generated for ARM-based devices, but you can add x86 to your
APP_ABI
definition in yourApplication.mk
file to build for x86 platforms. For example, the following line instructsndk-build
to build your code for three distinct ABIs:APP_ABI := armeabi armeabi-v7a x86
Unless you rely on ARM-based assembly sources, you shouldn't need to touch your
Android.mk
files to build x86 machine code. - You can build a standalone x86 toolchain using the
--toolchain=x86-4.4.3
option when callingmake-standalone-toolchain.sh
. Seedocs/STANDALONE-TOOLCHAIN.html
for more details. - The new
ndk-stack
tool lets you translate stack traces inlogcat
that are generated by native code. The tool translates instruction addresses into a readable format that contains things such as the function, source file, and line number corresponding to each stack frame. For more information and a usage example, seedocs/NDK-STACK.html
.
- Adds support for the x86 ABI, which allows you to generate machine code
that runs on compatible x86-based Android devices. Major features for x86
include x86-specific toolchains, system headers, libraries and
debugging support. For all of the details regarding x86 support,
see
- Other changes:
arm-eabi-4.4.0
, which had been deprecated since NDK r5, has been removed from the NDK distribution.
Android NDK r5c (June 2011)
This release of the NDK does not include any new features compared to r5b. The r5c release addresses the following problems in the r5b release:
- Important bug fixes:
-
ndk-build
: Fixed a rare bug that appeared when trying to perform parallel builds of debuggable projects.- Fixed a typo that prevented
LOCAL_WHOLE_STATIC_LIBRARIES
to work correctly with the new toolchain and added documentation for this indocs/ANDROID-MK.html
. - Fixed a bug where code linked against
gnustl_static
crashed when run on platform releases older than API level 8 (Android 2.2). ndk-gdb
: Fixed a bug that caused a segmentation fault when debugging Android 3.0 or newer devices.<android/input.h>
: Two functions that were introduced in API level 9 (Android 2.3) were incorrect and are fixed. While this breaks the source API, the binary interface to the system is unchanged. The incorrect functions were missing ahistory_index
parameter, and the correct definitions are shown below:float AMotionEvent_getHistoricalRawX(const AInputEvent* motion_event, size_t pointer_index, size_t history_index); float AMotionEvent_getHistoricalRawY(const AInputEvent* motion_event, size_t pointer_index, size_t history_index);
- Updated the C library ARM binary for API level 9 (Android 2.3) to correctly expose at
link time new functions that were added in that API level (for example,
pthread_rwlock_init
).
- Minor improvements and fixes:
-
- Object files are now always linked in the order they appear in
LOCAL_SRC_FILES
. This was not the case previously because the files were grouped by source extensions instead. - When
import-module
fails, it now prints the list of directories that were searched. This is useful to check that theNDK_MODULE_PATH
definition used by the build system is correct. - When
import-module
succeeds, it now prints the directory where the module was found to the log (visible withNDK_LOG=1
). - Increased the build speed of debuggable applications when there is a very large number of include directories in the project.
ndk-gdb
: Better detection ofadb shell
failures and improved error messages.<pthread.h>
: Fixed the definition ofPTHREAD_RWLOCK_INITIALIZER
for API level 9 (Android 2.3) and higher.- Fixed an issue where a module could import itself, resulting in an infinite loop in GNU Make.
- Fixed a bug that caused the build to fail if
LOCAL_ARM_NEON
was set to true (typo inbuild/core/build-binary.mk
). - Fixed a bug that prevented the compilation of
.s
assembly files (.S
files were okay).
- Object files are now always linked in the order they appear in
Android NDK r5b (January 2011)
This release of the NDK does not include any new features compared to r5. The r5b release addresses the following problems in the r5 release:
- The r5 binaries required glibc 2.11, but the r5b binaries are generated with a special toolchain that targets glibc 2.7 or higher instead. The Linux toolchain binaries now run on Ubuntu 8.04 or higher.
- Fixes a compiler bug in the arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3 toolchain. The previous binary generated invalid thumb instruction sequences when dealing with signed chars.
- Adds missing documentation for the "gnustl_static" value for APP_STL, that allows you to link against a static library version of GNU libstdc++. the
- Fixed the following
ndk-build
issues:- A bug that created inconsistent dependency files when a compilation error occurred on Windows. This prevented a proper build after the error was fixed in the source code.
- A Cygwin-specific bug where using very short paths for the Android NDK installation or the project path led to the generation of invalid dependency files. This made incremental builds impossible.
- A typo that prevented the cpufeatures library from working correctly with the new NDK toolchain.
- Builds in Cygwin are faster by avoiding calls to
cygpath -m
from GNU Make for every source or object file, which caused problems with very large source trees. In case this doesn't work properly, defineNDK_USE_CYGPATH=1
in your environment to usecygpath -m
again. - The Cygwin installation now notifies the user of invalid installation paths that contain spaces. Previously, an invalid path would output an error that complained about an incorrect version of GNU Make, even if the right one was installed.
- Fixed a typo that prevented the
NDK_MODULE_PATH
environment variable from working properly when it contained multiple directories separated with a colon. - The
prebuilt-common.sh
script contains fixes to check the compiler for 64-bit generated machine code, instead of relying on the host tag, which allows the 32-bit toolchain to rebuild properly on Snow Leopard. The toolchain rebuild scripts now also support using a 32-bit host toolchain. - A missing declaration for
INET_ADDRSTRLEN
was added to<netinet/in.h>
. - Missing declarations for
IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_NODELOCAL
andIN6_IS_ADDR_MC_GLOBAL
were added to<netinet/in6.h>
. - 'asm' was replaced with '__asm__' in
<asm/byteorder.h>
to allow compilation with-std=c99
.
Android NDK r5 (December 2010)
This release of the NDK includes many new APIs, most of which are introduced to
support the development of games and similar applications that make extensive use
of native code. Using the APIs, developers have direct native access to events, audio,
graphics and window management, assets, and storage. Developers can also implement the
Android application lifecycle in native code with help from the new
NativeActivity
class. For detailed information describing the changes
in this
release, read the CHANGES.HTML
document included in the downloaded NDK
package.
- General notes:
-
- Adds support for native activities, which allows you to implement the Android application lifecycle in native code.
- Adds native support for the following:
- Input subsystem (such as the keyboard and touch screen)
- Access to sensor data (accelerometer, compass, gyroscope, etc).
- Event loop APIs to wait for things such as input and sensor events.
- Window and surface subsystem
- Audio APIs based on the OpenSL ES standard that support playback and recording as well as control over platform audio effects
- Access to assets packaged in an
.apk
file.
- Includes a new toolchain (based on GCC 4.4.3), which generates better code, and can
also now
be used as a standalone cross-compiler, for people who want to build their stuff with
./configure && make
. See docs/STANDALONE-TOOLCHAIN.html for the details. The binaries for GCC 4.4.0 are still provided, but the 4.2.1 binaries were removed. - Adds support for prebuilt static and shared libraries (docs/PREBUILTS.html) and module exports and imports to make sharing and reuse of third-party modules much easier (docs/IMPORT-MODULE.html explains why).
- Provides a default C++ STL implementation (based on STLport) as a helper module. It can be used either as a static or shared library (details and usage examples are in sources/android/stlport/README). Prebuilt binaries for STLport (static or shared) and GNU libstdc++ (static only) are also provided if you choose to compile against those libraries instead of the default C++ STL implementation. C++ Exceptions and RTTI are not supported in the default STL implementation. For more information, see docs/CPLUSPLUS-SUPPORT.HTML.
- Includes improvements to the
cpufeatures
helper library that improves reporting of the CPU type (some devices previously reported ARMv7 CPU when the device really was an ARMv6). We recommend developers that use this library to rebuild their applications then upload to Google Play to benefit from the improvements. - Adds an EGL library that lets you create and manage OpenGL ES textures and services.
- Adds new sample applications,
native-plasma
andnative-activity
, to demonstrate how to write a native activity. - Includes many bugfixes and other small improvements; see docs/CHANGES.html for a more detailed list of changes.
Android NDK r4b (June 2010)
- NDK r4b notes:
-
Includes fixes for several issues in the NDK build and debugging scripts — if you are using NDK r4, we recommend downloading the NDK r4b build. For detailed information describing the changes in this release, read the CHANGES.TXT document included in the downloaded NDK package.
- General notes:
-
- Provides a simplified build system through the new
ndk-build
build command. - Adds support for easy native debugging of generated machine code on production
devices through the new
ndk-gdb
command. - Adds a new Android-specific ABI for ARM-based CPU architectures,
armeabi-v7a
. The new ABI extends the existingarmeabi
ABI to include these CPU instruction set extensions:- Thumb-2 instructions
- VFP hardware FPU instructions (VFPv3-D16)
- Optional support for ARM Advanced SIMD (NEON) GCC intrinsics and VFPv3-D32. Supported by devices such as Verizon Droid by Motorola, Google Nexus One, and others.
- Adds a new
cpufeatures
static library (with sources) that lets your app detect the host device's CPU features at runtime. Specifically, applications can check for ARMv7-A support, as well as VFPv3-D32 and NEON support, then provide separate code paths as needed. - Adds a sample application,
hello-neon
, that illustrates how to use thecpufeatures
library to check CPU features and then provide an optimized code path using NEON instrinsics, if supported by the CPU. - Lets you generate machine code for either or both of the instruction sets supported
by the NDK. For example, you can build for both ARMv5 and ARMv7-A architectures at the
same time and have everything stored to your application's final
.apk
. - To ensure that your applications are available to users only if their devices are capable of running them, Google Play now filters applications based on the instruction set information included in your application — no action is needed on your part to enable the filtering. Additionally, the Android system itself also checks your application at install time and allows the installation to continue only if the application provides a library that is compiled for the device's CPU architecture.
- Adds support for Android 2.2, including a new stable API for accessing the pixel
buffers of
Bitmap
objects from native code.
- Provides a simplified build system through the new
Android NDK r3 (March 2010)
- General notes:
-
- Adds OpenGL ES 2.0 native library support.
- Adds a sample application,
hello-gl2
, that illustrates the use of OpenGL ES 2.0 vertex and fragment shaders. - The toolchain binaries have been refreshed for this release with GCC 4.4.0, which should generate slightly more compact and efficient machine code than the previous one (4.2.1). The NDK also still provides the 4.2.1 binaries, which you can optionally use to build your machine code.
Android NDK r2 (September 2009)
Originally released as "Android 1.6 NDK, Release 1".
- General notes:
-
- Adds OpenGL ES 1.1 native library support.
- Adds a sample application,
san-angeles
, that renders 3D graphics through the native OpenGL ES APIs, while managing activity lifecycle with aGLSurfaceView
object.
Android NDK r1 (June 2009)
Originally released as "Android 1.5 NDK, Release 1".
- General notes:
-
- Includes compiler support (GCC) for ARMv5TE instructions, including Thumb-1 instructions.
- Includes system headers for stable native APIs, documentation, and sample applications.