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添加锻炼路线

锻炼路线允许用户跟踪相关锻炼活动的 GPS 路线，并与其他应用分享他们的锻炼地图。

本指南介绍了如何向用户请求权限，还概述了应用如何获得写入锻炼时段路线数据的权限。

锻炼路线的读取和写入功能包括：

应用会为锻炼路线创建新的写入权限。
插入的方法是写入一个锻炼时段，并以路线作为字段。
读取：
1. 对于时段拥有者，可通过会话读取来访问数据。
2. 在第三方应用中，通过对话框向用户授予路线的一次性读取权限。

如果用户没有写入权限，并且未设置路线，则路线不会更新。

如果您的应用具有路线写入权限，并尝试通过传入没有路线的会话对象来更新会话，则现有路线会被删除。

查看健康数据共享的适用范围

在尝试使用健康数据共享之前，您的应用应验证健康数据共享是否可在用户的设备上使用。并非所有设备都预安装了健康数据共享，或者健康数据共享可能处于停用状态。您可以使用 HealthConnectClient.getSdkStatus() 方法检查是否可用。

如何查看“健康数据共享”的适用范围

fun checkHealthConnectAvailability(context: Context) {
    val providerPackageName = "com.google.android.apps.healthdata" // Or get from HealthConnectClient.DEFAULT_PROVIDER_PACKAGE_NAME
    val availabilityStatus = HealthConnectClient.getSdkStatus(context, providerPackageName)

    if (availabilityStatus == HealthConnectClient.SDK_UNAVAILABLE) {
      // Health Connect is not available. Guide the user to install/enable it.
      // For example, show a dialog.
      return // early return as there is no viable integration
    }
    if (availabilityStatus == HealthConnectClient.SDK_UNAVAILABLE_PROVIDER_UPDATE_REQUIRED) {
      // Health Connect is available but requires an update.
      // Optionally redirect to package installer to find a provider, for example:
      val uriString = "market://details?id=$providerPackageName&url=healthconnect%3A%2F%2Fonboarding"
      context.startActivity(
        Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW).apply {
          setPackage("com.android.vending")
          data = Uri.parse(uriString)
          putExtra("overlay", true)
          putExtra("callerId", context.packageName)
        }
      )
      return
    }
    // Health Connect is available, obtain a HealthConnectClient instance
    val healthConnectClient = HealthConnectClient.getOrCreate(context)
    // Issue operations with healthConnectClient
}

根据 getSdkStatus() 返回的状态，您可以引导用户从 Google Play 商店安装或更新健康数据共享（如果需要）。

功能的适用范围

如需确定用户的设备是否支持在“健康数据共享”中规划锻炼，请检查客户端上 FEATURE_PLANNED_EXERCISE 的可用性：

if (healthConnectClient
     .features
     .getFeatureStatus(
       HealthConnectFeatures.FEATURE_PLANNED_EXERCISE
     ) == HealthConnectFeatures.FEATURE_STATUS_AVAILABLE) {

  // Feature is available
} else {
  // Feature isn't available
}

如需了解详情，请参阅查看功能可用性。

所需权限

锻炼路线的访问权限受以下权限保护：

android.permission.health.READ_EXERCISE_ROUTES
android.permission.health.WRITE_EXERCISE_ROUTE

注意：对于此权限类型，READ_EXERCISE_ROUTES 为复数，而 WRITE_EXERCISE_ROUTE 为单数。

如要向应用添加锻炼路线功能，请先请求 ExerciseSession 数据类型的写入权限。

您需要声明以下权限才能写入锻炼路线：

<application>
  <uses-permission
android:name="android.permission.health.WRITE_EXERCISE_ROUTE" />
...
</application>

如需读取锻炼路线，您需要请求以下权限：

<application>
  <uses-permission
android:name="android.permission.health.READ_EXERCISE_ROUTES" />
...
</application>

您还必须声明一项锻炼权限，因为每条路线都与锻炼时段（一个时段 = 一次锻炼）相关联。

如需请求权限，请在首次将应用连接到 Health Connect 时使用 PermissionController.createRequestPermissionResultContract() 方法。您可能需要请求多项权限：

读取健康与健身数据，包括路线数据： HealthPermission.getReadPermission(ExerciseSessionRecord::class)
写入健康与健身数据，包括路线数据： HealthPermission.getWritePermission(ExerciseSessionRecord::class)
写入锻炼路线数据：HealthPermission.PERMISSION_WRITE_EXERCISE_ROUTE

向用户请求权限

创建客户端实例后，应用需要向用户请求权限。用户必须能够随时授予或拒绝权限。

为此，请为所需的数据类型创建一组权限。先确保此集中的权限已在 Android 清单中声明。

// Create a set of permissions for required data types
val PERMISSIONS =
    setOf(
  HealthPermission.getReadPermission(ExerciseSessionRecord::class),
  HealthPermission.getWritePermission(ExerciseSessionRecord::class)
)

使用 getGrantedPermissions 查看您的应用是否已获得所需的权限。如不具备，请使用 createRequestPermissionResultContract 请求这些权限。系统随即会显示“健康数据共享”权限界面。

// Create the permissions launcher
val requestPermissionActivityContract = PermissionController.createRequestPermissionResultContract()

val requestPermissions = registerForActivityResult(requestPermissionActivityContract) { granted ->
  if (granted.containsAll(PERMISSIONS)) {
    // Permissions successfully granted
  } else {
    // Lack of required permissions
  }
}

suspend fun checkPermissionsAndRun(healthConnectClient: HealthConnectClient) {
  val granted = healthConnectClient.permissionController.getGrantedPermissions()
  if (granted.containsAll(PERMISSIONS)) {
    // Permissions already granted; proceed with inserting or reading data
  } else {
    requestPermissions.launch(PERMISSIONS)
  }
}

由于用户可以随时授予或撤消权限，因此您的应用需要定期检查已授予的权限，并应对权限丢失的情况。

锻炼会话记录中包含的信息

每条锻炼会话记录都包含以下信息：

锻炼类型，例如骑自行车。
锻炼路线，其中包含纬度、经度和海拔高度等信息。

支持的聚合

以下是 ExerciseSessionRecord 的可用汇总值：

EXERCISE_DURATION_TOTAL

用法示例

以下代码段展示了如何读取和写入锻炼路线。

读取锻炼路线

当应用在后台运行时，无法读取其他应用创建的锻炼路线数据。

当您的应用在后台运行时，如果尝试读取由另一应用创建的锻炼路线，即使您的应用拥有对锻炼路线数据的始终允许访问权限，健康数据共享也会返回 ExerciseRouteResult.ConsentRequired 响应。

因此，我们强烈建议您在用户主动与应用互动时（即用户积极使用应用界面时）请求路线。

如需详细了解后台读取，请参阅后台读取示例。

以下代码段演示了如何在 Health Connect 中读取时段并从该时段请求路线：

suspend fun readExerciseSessionAndRoute() {
    val endTime = Instant.now()
    val startTime = endTime.minus(Duration.ofHours(1))

    val grantedPermissions =
        healthConnectClient.permissionController.getGrantedPermissions()
    if (!grantedPermissions.contains(
          HealthPermission.getReadPermission(ExerciseSessionRecord::class))) {
        // The user doesn't allow the app to read exercise session data.
        return
    }

    val readResponse =
      healthConnectClient.readRecords(
        ReadRecordsRequest(
          ExerciseSessionRecord::class,
          TimeRangeFilter.between(startTime, endTime)
        )
      )
    val exerciseRecord = readResponse.records.first()
    val recordId = exerciseRecord.metadata.id

    // See https://developer.android.com/training/basics/intents/result#launch
    // for appropriately handling ActivityResultContract.
    val requestExerciseRouteLauncher = fragment.registerForActivityResul
    (ExerciseRouteRequestContract()) { exerciseRoute: ExerciseRoute? ->
            if (exerciseRoute != null) {
                displayExerciseRoute(exerciseRoute)
            } else {
                // Consent was denied
            }
        }

    val exerciseSessionRecord =
      healthConnectClient.readRecord(ExerciseSessionRecord::class, recordId).record

    when (val exerciseRouteResult = exerciseSessionRecord.exerciseRouteResult) {
        is ExerciseRouteResult.Data ->
            displayExerciseRoute(exerciseRouteResult.exerciseRoute)
        is ExerciseRouteResult.ConsentRequired ->
            requestExerciseRouteLauncher.launch(recordId)
        is ExerciseRouteResult.NoData -> Unit // No exercise route to show
        else -> Unit
    }
  }

  fun displayExerciseRoute(route: ExerciseRoute?) {
    val locations = route.route.orEmpty()
    for (location in locations) {
      // Handle location.
    }
  }

写入锻炼路线

以下代码演示了如何记录包含锻炼路线的时段：

suspend fun InsertExerciseRoute(healthConnectClient: HealthConnectClient) {
    val grantedPermissions =
        healthConnectClient.permissionController.getGrantedPermissions()
    if (!grantedPermissions.contains(
          getWritePermission(ExerciseSessionRecord::class))) {
        // The user doesn't allow the app to write exercise session data.
        return
    }

    val sessionStartTime = Instant.now()
    val sessionDuration = Duration.ofMinutes(20)
    val sessionEndTime = sessionStartTime.plus(sessionDuration)

    val exerciseRoute =
        if (grantedPermissions.contains(PERMISSION_WRITE_EXERCISE_ROUTE)) ExerciseRoute(
            listOf(
                ExerciseRoute.Location(
                    // Location times must be on or after the session start time
                    time = sessionStartTime,
                    latitude = 6.5483,
                    longitude = 0.5488,
                    horizontalAccuracy = Length.meters(2.0),
                    verticalAccuracy = Length.meters(2.0),
                    altitude = Length.meters(9.0),
                ), ExerciseRoute.Location(
                    // Location times must be before the session end time
                    time = sessionEndTime.minusSeconds(1),
                    latitude = 6.4578,
                    longitude = 0.6577,
                    horizontalAccuracy = Length.meters(2.0),
                    verticalAccuracy = Length.meters(2.0),
                    altitude = Length.meters(9.2),
                )
            )
        )
        else
        // The user doesn't allow the app to write exercise route data.
            null
    val exerciseSessionRecord = ExerciseSessionRecord(
        startTime = sessionStartTime,
        startZoneOffset = ZoneOffset.UTC,
        endTime = sessionEndTime,
        endZoneOffset = ZoneOffset.UTC,
        exerciseType = ExerciseSessionRecord.EXERCISE_TYPE_BIKING,
        title = "Morning Bike Ride",
        exerciseRoute = exerciseRoute,
        metadata = Metadata.manualEntry(
            device = Device(type = Device.TYPE_PHONE)
        ),
    )
    val response = healthConnectClient.insertRecords(listOf(exerciseSessionRecord))
}

锻炼时段

锻炼时段可涵盖跑步、打羽毛球等各种活动。

写入锻炼时段

下面展示了如何构建包含时段的插入请求：

suspend fun writeExerciseSession(healthConnectClient: HealthConnectClient) {
    healthConnectClient.insertRecords(
        listOf(
            ExerciseSessionRecord(
                startTime = START_TIME,
                startZoneOffset = START_ZONE_OFFSET,
                endTime = END_TIME,
                endZoneOffset = END_ZONE_OFFSET,
                exerciseType = ExerciseSessionRecord.ExerciseType.RUNNING,
                title = "My Run"
            ),
            // ... other records
        )
    )
}

读取锻炼时段

下面的示例展示了如何读取锻炼时段：

suspend fun readExerciseSessions(
    healthConnectClient: HealthConnectClient,
    startTime: Instant,
    endTime: Instant
) {
    val response =
        healthConnectClient.readRecords(
            ReadRecordsRequest(
                ExerciseSessionRecord::class,
                timeRangeFilter = TimeRangeFilter.between(startTime, endTime)
            )
        )
    for (exerciseRecord in response.records) {
        // Process each exercise record
        // Optionally pull in with other data sources of the same time range.
        val distanceRecord =
            healthConnectClient
                .readRecords(
                    ReadRecordsRequest(
                        DistanceRecord::class,
                        timeRangeFilter =
                            TimeRangeFilter.between(
                                exerciseRecord.startTime,
                                exerciseRecord.endTime
                            )
                    )
                )
                .records
    }
}

写入子类型数据

会话还可由可选的子类型数据组成，这类数据会利用更多信息使会话变得更丰富。

例如，锻炼时段可涵盖 ExerciseSegment、ExerciseLap 和 ExerciseRoute 类：

val segments = listOf(
  ExerciseSegment(
    startTime = Instant.parse("2022-01-02T10:10:10Z"),
    endTime = Instant.parse("2022-01-02T10:10:13Z"),
    segmentType = ActivitySegmentType.BENCH_PRESS,
    repetitions = 373
  )
)

val laps = listOf(
  ExerciseLap(
    startTime = Instant.parse("2022-01-02T10:10:10Z"),
    endTime = Instant.parse("2022-01-02T10:10:13Z"),
    length = 0.meters
  )
)

ExerciseSessionRecord(
  exerciseType = ExerciseSessionRecord.EXERCISE_TYPE_CALISTHENICS,
    startTime = Instant.parse("2022-01-02T10:10:10Z"),
    endTime = Instant.parse("2022-01-02T10:10:13Z"),
  startZoneOffset = ZoneOffset.UTC,
  endZoneOffset = ZoneOffset.UTC,
  segments = segments,
  laps = laps,
  route = route
)

删除锻炼时段

您可通过以下 2 种方式删除锻炼时段：

根据时间范围。
根据 UID。

下面展示了如何根据时间范围删除子类型数据：

suspend fun deleteExerciseSessionByTimeRange(
    healthConnectClient: HealthConnectClient,
    exerciseRecord: ExerciseSessionRecord,
) {
    val timeRangeFilter = TimeRangeFilter.between(exerciseRecord.startTime, exerciseRecord.endTime)
    healthConnectClient.deleteRecords(ExerciseSessionRecord::class, timeRangeFilter)
    // delete the associated distance record
    healthConnectClient.deleteRecords(DistanceRecord::class, timeRangeFilter)
}

您还可根据 UID 删除子类型数据。这样做只会删除锻炼时段，不会删除关联的数据：

suspend fun deleteExerciseSessionByUid(
    healthConnectClient: HealthConnectClient,
    exerciseRecord: ExerciseSessionRecord,
) {
    healthConnectClient.deleteRecords(
        ExerciseSessionRecord::class,
        recordIdsList = listOf(exerciseRecord.metadata.id),
        clientRecordIdsList = emptyList()
    )
}