功能和 API

Android 17 面向开发者引入了一些出色的新功能和 API。以下部分总结了这些功能，可帮助您开始使用相关 API。

如需详细了解新增、修改和移除的 API，请参阅 API 差异 报告。如需详细了解新的 API，请访问 Android API 参考文档，新 API 会突出显示以方便查看。

您还应查看平台变更可能会影响应用的部分。如需了解详情，请参阅以下页面：

• 以 Android 17 为目标平台时会影响应用的行为变更
• 无论 targetSdkVersion 如何，都会影响所有应用的行为变更。

核心功能

Android 17 添加了以下与 Android 核心功能相关的新功能。

新的 ProfilingManager 触发器

Android 17 adds several new system triggers to ProfilingManager to help you collect in-depth data to debug performance issues.

The new triggers are:

• TRIGGER_TYPE_COLD_START: Trigger occurs during app cold start. It provides both a call stack sample and a system trace in the response.
• TRIGGER_TYPE_OOM: Trigger occurs when an app throws an OutOfMemoryError and provides a Java Heap Dump in response.
• TRIGGER_TYPE_KILL_EXCESSIVE_CPU_USAGE: Trigger occurs when an app is killed due to abnormal and excessive CPU usage and provides a call stack sample in response.

To understand how to set up the system trigger, see the documentation on trigger-based profiling and how to retrieve and analyze profiling data documentation.

JobDebugInfo API

Android 17 introduces new JobDebugInfo APIs to help developers debug their JobScheduler jobs--why they aren't running, how long they ran for, and other aggregated information.

The first method of the expanded JobDebugInfo APIs is getPendingJobReasonStats(), which returns a map of reasons why the job was in a pending execution state and their respective cumulative pending durations. This method joins the getPendingJobReasonsHistory() and getPendingJobReasons() methods to give you insight into why a scheduled job is not running as expected, but simplifies information retrieval by making both duration and job reason available in a single method.

For example, for a specified jobId, the method might return PENDING_JOB_REASON_CONSTRAINT_CHARGING and a duration of 60000 ms, indicating the job was pending for 60000ms due to the charging constraint not being satisfied.

通过对允许在空闲时运行的闹钟提供监听器支持来减少唤醒锁定

Android 17 introduces a new variant of AlarmManager.setExactAndAllowWhileIdle that accepts an OnAlarmListener instead of a PendingIntent. This new callback-based mechanism is ideal for apps that currently rely on continuous wakelocks to perform periodic tasks, such as messaging apps maintaining socket connections.

隐私权

Android 17 包含以下新功能，可提升用户隐私保护。

Android 联系人选择器

The Android Contact Picker is a standardized, browsable interface for users to share contacts with your app. Available on devices running Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, the picker offers a privacy-preserving alternative to the broad READ_CONTACTS permission. Instead of requesting access to the user's entire address book, your app specifies the data fields it needs, such as phone numbers or email addresses, and the user selects specific contacts to share. This grants your app read access to only the selected data, ensuring granular control while providing a consistent user experience with built-in search, profile switching, and multi-selection capabilities without having to build or maintain the UI.

For more information, see the contact picker documentation.

安全

Android 17 添加了以下新功能，可提升设备和应用安全性。

Android 高级保护模式 (AAPM)

Android Advanced Protection Mode offers Android users a powerful new set of security features, marking a significant step in safeguarding users—particularly those at higher risk—from sophisticated attacks. Designed as an opt-in feature, AAPM is activated with a single configuration setting that users can turn on at any time to apply an opinionated set of security protections.

These core configurations include blocking app installation from unknown sources (sideloading), restricting USB data signaling, and mandating Google Play Protect scanning, which significantly reduces the device's attack surface area. Developers can integrate with this feature using the AdvancedProtectionManager API to detect the mode's status, enabling applications to automatically adopt a hardened security posture or restrict high-risk functionality when a user has opted in.

PQC APK 签名

Android 现在支持混合 APK 签名方案，以保护应用的签名身份免受利用量子计算的潜在攻击威胁。此功能引入了一种新的 APK 签名方案，可让您将经典签名密钥（例如 RSA 或 EC）与新的后量子密码 (PQC) 算法 (ML-DSA) 配对。

这种混合方法可确保您的应用在未来免受量子攻击，同时与依赖经典签名验证的旧版 Android 版本和设备保持完全向后兼容。

对开发者的影响

• 使用 Play 应用签名的应用 ：如果您使用 Play 应用签名，可以等待 Google Play 为您提供使用 Google Play 生成的 PQC 密钥升级混合签名的选项，确保您的应用受到保护，而无需手动管理密钥。
• 使用自行管理的密钥的应用 ：自行管理签名密钥的开发者可以利用更新后的 Android build 工具（例如 apksigner）轮替到混合身份，将 PQC 密钥与新的经典密钥相结合。（您必须创建新的经典密钥，无法重复使用旧密钥。）

连接

Android 17 添加了以下功能，可提升设备和应用连接。

受限卫星网络

Implements optimizations to enable apps to function effectively over low-bandwidth satellite networks.

用户体验和系统界面

Android 17 包含以下变更，可提升用户体验。

专用 Google 助理音量流

Android 17 introduces a dedicated Assistant volume stream for Assistant apps, for playback with USAGE_ASSISTANT. This change decouples Assistant audio from the standard media stream, providing users with isolated control over both volumes. This enables scenarios such as muting media playback while maintaining audibility for Assistant responses, and the other way around.

Assistant apps with access to the new MODE_ASSISTANT_CONVERSATION audio mode can further improve the volume control consistency. Assistant apps can use this mode to provide a hint to the system about an active Assistant session, ensuring the Assistant stream can be controlled outside of the active USAGE_ASSISTANT playback or with connected Bluetooth peripherals.

接力

Handoff is a new feature and API coming to Android 17 that app developers can integrate with to provide cross-device continuity for their users. It allows the user to start an app activity on one Android device and transition it to another Android device. Handoff runs in the background of a user's device and surfaces available activities from the user's other nearby devices through various entry points, like the launcher and taskbar, on the receiving device.

Apps can designate Handoff to launch the same native Android app, if it is installed and available on the receiving device. In this app-to-app flow, the user is deep-linked to the designated activity. Alternatively, app-to-web Handoff can be offered as a fallback option or directly implemented with URL Handoff.

Handoff support is implemented on a per-activity basis. To enable Handoff, call the setHandoffEnabled() method for the activity. Additional data may need to be passed along with the handoff so the recreated activity on the receiving device can restore appropriate state. Implement the onHandoffActivityRequested() callback to return a HandoffActivityData object which contains details that specify how Handoff should handle and recreate the activity on the receiving device.

实时更新 - 语义颜色 API

With Android 17, Live Update launches the Semantic Coloring APIs to support colors with universal meaning.

The following classes support semantic coloring:

• Notification
• Notification.Metric
• Notification.ProgressStyle.Point
• Notification.ProgressStyle.Segment

Coloring

• Green: Associated with safety. This color should be used for the case where it lets people know you are in the safe situation.
• Orange: For designating caution and marking physical hazards. This color should be used in the situation where users need to pay attention to set better protection setting.
• Red: Generally indicates danger, stop. It should be presented for the case where need people's attention urgently.
• Blue: Neutral color for content that is informational and should stand out from other content.

The following example shows how to apply semantic styles to text in a notification:

  val ssb = SpannableStringBuilder()
        .append("Colors: ")
        .append("NONE", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_UNSPECIFIED), 0)
        .append(", ")
        .append("INFO", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_INFO), 0)
        .append(", ")
        .append("SAFE", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_SAFE), 0)
        .append(", ")
        .append("CAUTION", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_CAUTION), 0)
        .append(", ")
        .append("DANGER", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_DANGER), 0)

    Notification.Builder(context, channelId)
          .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_icon)
          .setContentTitle("Hello World!")
          .setContentText(ssb)
          .setOngoing(true)
              .setRequestPromotedOngoing(true)

适用于 Android 17 的 UWB 下行链路 TDoA API

Downlink Time Difference of Arrival (DL-TDoA) ranging lets a device determine its position relative to multiple anchors by measuring the relative arrival times of signals.

The following snippet demonstrates how to initialize the Ranging Manager, verify device capabilities, and start a DL-TDoA session:

class RangingApp {

    fun initDlTdoa(context: Context) {
        // Initialize the Ranging Manager
        val rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager::class.java)

        // Register for device capabilities
        val capabilitiesCallback = object : RangingManager.CapabilitiesCallback {
            override fun onRangingCapabilities(capabilities: RangingCapabilities) {
                // Make sure Dl-TDoA is supported before starting the session
                if (capabilities.uwbCapabilities != null && capabilities.uwbCapabilities!!.isDlTdoaSupported) {
                    startDlTDoASession(context)
                }
            }
        }
        rangingManager.registerCapabilitiesCallback(Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), capabilitiesCallback)
    }

    fun startDlTDoASession(context: Context) {

        // Initialize the Ranging Manager
        val rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager::class.java)

        // Create session and configure parameters
        val executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()
        val rangingSession = rangingManager.createRangingSession(executor, RangingSessionCallback())
        val rangingRoundIndexes = intArrayOf(0)
        val config: ByteArray = byteArrayOf() // OOB config data
        val params = DlTdoaRangingParams.createFromFiraConfigPacket(config, rangingRoundIndexes)

        val rangingDevice = RangingDevice.Builder().build()
        val rawTagDevice = RawRangingDevice.Builder()
            .setRangingDevice(rangingDevice)
            .setDlTdoaRangingParams(params)
            .build()

        val dtTagConfig = RawDtTagRangingConfig.Builder(rawTagDevice).build()

        val preference = RangingPreference.Builder(DEVICE_ROLE_DT_TAG, dtTagConfig)
            .setSessionConfig(SessionConfig.Builder().build())
            .build()

        // Start the ranging session
        rangingSession.start(preference)
    }
}

private class RangingSessionCallback : RangingSession.Callback {
    override fun onDlTdoaResults(peer: RangingDevice, measurement: DlTdoaMeasurement) {
        // Process measurement results here
    }
}

public class RangingApp {

    public void initDlTdoa(Context context) {

        // Initialize the Ranging Manager
        RangingManager rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager.class);

        // Register for device capabilities
        RangingManager.CapabilitiesCallback capabilitiesCallback = new RangingManager.CapabilitiesCallback() {
            @Override
            public void onRangingCapabilities(RangingCapabilities capabilities) {
                // Make sure Dl-TDoA is supported before starting the session
                if (capabilities.getUwbCapabilities() != null && capabilities.getUwbCapabilities().isDlTdoaSupported) {
                    startDlTDoASession(context);
                }
            }
        };
        rangingManager.registerCapabilitiesCallback(Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), capabilitiesCallback);
    }

    public void startDlTDoASession(Context context) {
        RangingManager rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager.class);

        // Create session and configure parameters
        Executor executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
        RangingSession rangingSession = rangingManager.createRangingSession(executor, new RangingSessionCallback());
        int[] rangingRoundIndexes = new int[] {0};
        byte[] config = new byte[0]; // OOB config data
        DlTdoaRangingParams params = DlTdoaRangingParams.createFromFiraConfigPacket(config, rangingRoundIndexes);

        RangingDevice rangingDevice = new RangingDevice.Builder().build();
        RawRangingDevice rawTagDevice = new RawRangingDevice.Builder()
                .setRangingDevice(rangingDevice)
                .setDlTdoaRangingParams(params)
                .build();

        RawDtTagRangingConfig dtTagConfig = new RawDtTagRangingConfig.Builder(rawTagDevice).build();

        RangingPreference preference = new RangingPreference.Builder(DEVICE_ROLE_DT_TAG, dtTagConfig)
                .setSessionConfig(new SessionConfig.Builder().build())
                .build();

        // Start the ranging session
        rangingSession.start(preference);
    }

    private static class RangingSessionCallback implements RangingSession.Callback {

        @Override
        public void onDlTdoaResults(RangingDevice peer, DlTdoaMeasurement measurement) {
            // Process measurement results here
        }
    }
}

Out-of-Band (OOB) Configurations

The following snippet provides an example of DL-TDoA OOB configuration data for Wi-Fi and BLE:

// Wifi Configuration
byte[] wifiConfig = {
    (byte) 0xDD, (byte) 0x2D, (byte) 0x5A, (byte) 0x18, (byte) 0xFF, // Header
    (byte) 0x5F, (byte) 0x19, // FiRa Sub-Element
    (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x00, // Profile ID
    (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x08, // MAC Address
    (byte) 0x14, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0C, // Preamble Index
    (byte) 0x27, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x07, // Vendor ID
    (byte) 0x28, (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xC8, (byte) 0xA6, (byte) 0xF7, (byte) 0x6F, (byte) 0x08, // Static STS IV
    (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x60, (byte) 0x09, // Slot Duration
    (byte) 0x1B, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0A, // Slots per RR
    (byte) 0x09, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0xE8, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, // Duration
    (byte) 0x9F, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0x67, (byte) 0x45, (byte) 0x23, (byte) 0x01  // Session ID
};

// BLE Configuration
byte[] bleConfig = {
    (byte) 0x2D, (byte) 0x16, (byte) 0xF4, (byte) 0xFF, // Header
    (byte) 0x5F, (byte) 0x19, // FiRa Sub-Element
    (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x00, // Profile ID
    (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x08, // MAC Address
    (byte) 0x14, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0C, // Preamble Index
    (byte) 0x27, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x07, // Vendor ID
    (byte) 0x28, (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xC8, (byte) 0xA6, (byte) 0xF7, (byte) 0x6F, (byte) 0x08, // Static STS IV
    (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x60, (byte) 0x09, // Slot Duration
    (byte) 0x1B, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0A, // Slots per RR
    (byte) 0x09, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0xE8, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, // Duration
    (byte) 0x9F, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0x67, (byte) 0x45, (byte) 0x23, (byte) 0x01  // Session ID
};

If you can't use an OOB configuration because it is missing, or if you need to change default values that aren't in the OOB config, you can build parameters with DlTdoaRangingParams.Builder as shown in the following snippet. You can use these parameters in place of DlTdoaRangingParams.createFromFiraConfigPacket():

val dlTdoaParams = DlTdoaRangingParams.Builder(1)
    .setComplexChannel(UwbComplexChannel.Builder()
            .setChannel(9).setPreambleIndex(10).build())
    .setDeviceAddress(deviceAddress)
    .setSessionKeyInfo(byteArrayOf(0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04))
    .setRangingIntervalMillis(240)
    .setSlotDuration(UwbRangingParams.DURATION_2_MS)
    .setSlotsPerRangingRound(20)
    .setRangingRoundIndexes(byteArrayOf(0x01, 0x05))
    .build()

DlTdoaRangingParams dlTdoaParams = new DlTdoaRangingParams.Builder(1)
    .setComplexChannel(new UwbComplexChannel.Builder()
            .setChannel(9).setPreambleIndex(10).build())
    .setDeviceAddress(deviceAddress)
    .setSessionKeyInfo(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04})
    .setRangingIntervalMillis(240)
    .setSlotDuration(UwbRangingParams.DURATION_2_MS)
    .setSlotsPerRangingRound(20)
    .setRangingRoundIndexes(new byte[]{0x01, 0x05})
    .build();