Perubahan perilaku: semua aplikasi

Platform Android 17 menyertakan perubahan perilaku yang dapat memengaruhi aplikasi Anda. Perubahan perilaku berikut ini berlaku untuk semua aplikasi saat dijalankan di Android 17, terlepas dari targetSdkVersion. Sebaiknya uji aplikasi Anda, lalu modifikasi sesuai kebutuhan untuk mendukung perubahan ini, jika memungkinkan.

Pastikan Anda juga meninjau daftar perubahan perilaku yang hanya memengaruhi aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 17.

Keamanan

Android 17 menyertakan peningkatan berikut pada keamanan perangkat dan aplikasi.

Rencana penghentian penggunaan usesClearTraffic

Dalam rilis mendatang, kami berencana untuk menghentikan penggunaan elemen usesCleartextTraffic. Aplikasi yang perlu membuat koneksi yang tidak dienkripsi (HTTP) harus bermigrasi ke penggunaan file konfigurasi keamanan jaringan, yang memungkinkan Anda menentukan domain yang perlu dihubungkan oleh aplikasi Anda menggunakan cleartext.

Perlu diketahui bahwa file konfigurasi keamanan jaringan hanya didukung di level API 24 dan yang lebih tinggi. Jika aplikasi Anda memiliki level API minimum yang lebih rendah dari 24, Anda harus melakukan kedua hal berikut:

  • Tetapkan atribut usesCleartextTraffic ke true
  • Menggunakan file konfigurasi jaringan

Jika API level minimum aplikasi Anda adalah 24 atau yang lebih tinggi, Anda dapat menggunakan file konfigurasi jaringan dan tidak perlu menetapkan usesCleartextTraffic.

Membatasi pemberian URI implisit

Currently, if an app launches an intent with a URI that has the action Send, SendMultiple, or ImageCapture, the system automatically grants the read and write URI permissions to the target app. We plan to change this behavior in Android 18. For this reason, we recommend that apps explicitly grant the relevant URI permissions instead of relying on the system to grant them.

Batas keystore per aplikasi

Apps should avoid creating excessive numbers of keys in Android Keystore, because it is a shared resource for all apps on the device. Beginning with Android 17, the system enforces a limit on the number of keys an app can own. The limit is 50,000 keys for non-system apps targeting Android 17 or higher, and 200,000 keys for all other apps. System apps have a limit of 200,000 keys, regardless of which API level they target.

If an app attempts to create keys beyond the limit, the creation fails with a KeyStoreException. The exception's message string contains information about the key limit. If the app calls getNumericErrorCode() on the exception, the return value depends on what API level the app targets:

  • Apps targeting Android 17 or higher: getNumericErrorCode() returns the new ERROR_TOO_MANY_KEYS value.
  • All other apps: getNumericErrorCode() returns ERROR_INCORRECT_USAGE.

Pengalaman pengguna dan UI sistem

Android 17 mencakup perubahan berikut yang dimaksudkan untuk menciptakan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih konsisten dan intuitif.

Memulihkan visibilitas IME default setelah rotasi

Beginning with Android 17, when the device's configuration changes (for example, through rotation), and this is not handled by the app itself, the previous IME visibility is not restored.

If your app undergoes a configuration change that it does not handle, and the app needs the keyboard to be visible after the change, you must explicitly request this. You can make this request in one of the following ways:

  • Set the android:windowSoftInputMode attribute to stateAlwaysVisible.
  • Programmatically request the soft keyboard in your activity's onCreate() method, or add the onConfigurationChanged() method.

Input manusia

Android 17 menyertakan perubahan berikut yang memengaruhi cara aplikasi berinteraksi dengan perangkat input manusia seperti keyboard dan touchpad.

Touchpad mengirimkan peristiwa relatif secara default selama pengambilan pointer

Beginning with Android 17, if an app requests pointer capture using View.requestPointerCapture() and the user uses a touchpad, the system recognizes pointer movement and scrolling gestures from the user's touches and reports them to the app in the same way as pointer and scroll wheel movements from a captured mouse. In most cases, this removes the need for apps that support captured mice to add special handling logic for touchpads. For more details, see the documentation for View.POINTER_CAPTURE_MODE_RELATIVE.

Previously, the system did not attempt to recognize gestures from the touchpad, and instead delivered the raw, absolute finger locations to the app in a similar format to touchscreen touches. If an app still requires this absolute data, it should call the new View.requestPointerCapture(int) method with View.POINTER_CAPTURE_MODE_ABSOLUTE instead.

Media

Android 17 menyertakan perubahan berikut pada perilaku media.

Penguatan audio latar belakang

Beginning with Android 17, the audio framework enforces restrictions on background audio interactions including audio playback, audio focus requests, and volume change APIs to ensure that these changes are started intentionally by the user.

If the app tries to call audio APIs while the app is not in a valid lifecycle, the audio playback and volume change APIs fail silently without throwing an exception or providing a failure message. The audio focus API fails with the result code AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED.

For more information, including mitigation strategies, see Background audio hardening.